著者
福田 歓一
出版者
The Japan Academy
雑誌
日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.3, pp.171-187, 1994 (Released:2007-06-22)
参考文献数
27

In any political discourse some diachronic terms are indispensable, but these terms themselves were originally made in some age in the contexts of real situations. Therefore we are obliged to use these terms with enough consciousness of their original contexts.Moreover the scholars in Non-Western world have another problem concerning translation of terminology. Both European and native term has many meanings, and one term scarcely corresponds to its counterpart.Japanese term minzoku covers ethnos, populus, natio and so on, which on the other hand cover far more meanings than minzoku, and also have special contexts in their usages.Although the term“nation”derives from Middle Ages, its modern usage presupposed the emergence of sovereign state as a governing mechanism and provided it of some sense of community. The emergence of modern languages and the communication through printed matters made it possible and through French Revolution the new model of political integration“one nation, one language, one state”was established, while against Napoleon's imperialism nationalism rose in Germany and so on. Around the 1st world war“nation self determination”came to be a principle after the collapse of empires, Austrian, Russian and Turkish. And after the 2nd, this principle lead to the independence of colonies in Asia and Africa. In 1960s new term of ethnicity, the status of ethnic groups within the framework of nation state, was made originally in the mufti-racial United States of America. And this term came to be applied to the ethnic movements in Western Europe, the very birth place of nation states, and also extended to the developing countries, which covered former colonial territories and naturally consisted of many ethnic groups. The end of Soviet domination of Eastern Europe brought the third wave of“national self determination”, which also disintegrated the Soviet Union itself as well as Yugoslavia. Now we are watching many tragedies in e.g. Gorgia and Bosnia. But “national self-determination”no more could be the solution of many problems in this age of multi-identity of the individual, and the relativization of state system would be indispensable for the prospect of mankind.
著者
江澤 義典
出版者
関西大学
雑誌
情報研究 = Journal of informatics : 関西大学総合情報学部紀要 (ISSN:1341156X)
巻号頁・発行日
no.49, pp.3-10, 2019-01

わたしたちは日常的な知的活動において,手元の電子機器(パソコン,タブレット端末,スマートフォンなど)にアクセスすることが多い.ところが,都合の悪いニュースなどを「フェイクニュースだ」と決めつける政治家の発言やSNSへの匿名の無責任な書き込みなどに,多くの市民が迷惑している.インターネット利用が普及した現代において,わたしたち市民にとって十分に信頼できる情報を得るにはどのような工夫が必要なのであろうか.すなわち,知的な装置をわたしたちの生活空間で活用するために検討すべき情報倫理の課題にも多くの関心がよせられている.ここでは,具体的な個々の問題解決が必要なときに,適切な相談相手(バディ)を得るためには社会的な知のネットワークの構築・維持が欠かせないことを明らかにする.
出版者
The Japan Academy
雑誌
日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.58, no.3, pp.171-179, 2004 (Released:2007-06-22)

Nation State as the basic unit of the political life of mankind, is a fiction in its three aspects. First, it is a symbol formed in modern Western Europe. Second, an ideology: one nation, one language, and one state has had so strong an effect in Western Europe. Third, a fiction of equal sovereignty. And such an ideology proved realization in 1870-71 in the unifications of Italy and Germany. Extra Europe Japan achieved such an example in East Asia.In 1919 Versaille Peace Treaty realized this fiction in Europe by the principle of national self-determination. Russian Revolution also brought the independence of Finland and Baltic countries as well as Poland in Europe. The League of Nations emerged as the co-operative system of peace proposed by Wilson. But its caliber came to be limited by U. S. A. refusal of participation. After the dissolution of Turkish Empire Arab Area was still under the control of Britain and France until the independence of Egypt in 1922, and of Iraq as well as Saudi Arabia in 1932.After the Second World War came the global age of the nation state. The dissolution of colonial system proceeded until the return of Hong Kong to China in 1997. The United Nations started in 1945 as the new international system, and in 1960 adopted the resolution of colonies which led the globalization of nation state system. But it was accompanied by the nominalization of nation state itself. On the other hand Soviet Union under Stalin established her colonial empire over the countries under her occupation in the dogma of the limited Sovereignty. Against this threat Western Europe formed the North Atlantic System with U. S. A. The cold war between these two powers was symbolized by the wall of Berlin.In spite of the dissolution of colonial empire, Western Europe enjoyed economic prosperity, and there appeared some change of basic unit of political life: the unification and the differentiation in nation states. Unification proceeded from EC to EU. EURO as the common currency and EU Constitution came to be. Differentiation in France, Spain and Italy has been proceeded and in Britain also devolution has emerged.The collapse of Soviet system also emancipated nation states in Eastern Europe. And the independence of Israel, the conpensation of Christian World to the Jews by the depression of Palestine people produced tragedy in Arab World.Now we are witnessing the unlimited imigrants seeking chance and better life. In England the industry of many area cannot carry out without the labour power of such immigrants. And in Japan so many women come to marry the peasants of Tohoku area from China, Korea and Philippines. These cases may be rather shocking to the people of Tokyo area.
著者
角田 文男 板井 一好 三田 光男 中屋 重直 桜井 四郎 立身 政信
雑誌
一般研究(B)
巻号頁・発行日
1988

産業界は勿論、社会全般にフッ化物の使用量が著増し、職場や日常生活に由来するフッ素の生体負荷量が増加する環境にある。懸念されるフッ化物の慢性影響として、少年期以後(主に成人期)の暴露による骨フッ素症が注目されるが、本邦ではその研究が殆どなされていない。本研究は骨フッ素症についてX線検査および臨床諸検査の成績から診断基準を確立し、さらに現在または過去にフッ化物暴露を受けている集団を対象として量-反応関係を検討したものである。1.骨フッ素症の診断基準:国内外から得られた多数の骨フッ素症のX線写真を読影し、これら患者の臨床検査成績を参考として重症度診断基準を作成した。即ち、骨X線の撮影部位は骨盤正面、腰椎を主とする脊椎部の正面と側面、膝関節を含めた下腿骨の正面と側面、前腕部の正面と側面または手部の正面とする。読影は骨梁の粗さ、骨密度の増高、骨輪郭の不明瞭さ、骨皮質の肥厚、石灰化や骨化の出現、骨棘や外骨腫の形成等をフッ素による硬化像として留意する。有所見は骨盤と腰椎>四肢骨>手の順で現れ易かった。骨X線像は重症度別に軽・中等・重症の3段階に分類しえた。臨床生化学的諸検査成績は、血清や尿のフッ素濃度を含めて直接的に診断に寄与しえなかった。2.フッ素の量-反応関係に関する疫学的検討:(1)労働許容濃度レベルの気中フッ化物に暴露されている中国労働者集団について年令階級別に暴露年数の長短と骨フッ素症の有症率を検討した結果、軽症を疑う者の率が45〜54歳代で暴露群に有意に高かった。45歳未満では15年暴露群でも有意の差を認めなかった。(2)国内の高フッ素地帯の住民について、過去に2〜3ppmのフッ素を含む地下水を20年以上飲用していた集団では、骨フッ素症が疑われる者を発見できず、また他の数地方で斑状歯者の家族検診を進めてきたが、まだ明らかな骨フッ素症は発見できない。
著者
石川 幹子
出版者
公益社団法人 日本都市計画学会
雑誌
都市計画論文集 (ISSN:09160647)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, pp.331-336, 1994
被引用文献数
5 1

<p>THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO ANALYSE THE HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF THE PLANNING THOUGHT ON THE GREEN BELT IN LONDON FROM 1900-1938. AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY, THE THOUGHT OF THE GREEN GIRDLE WAS DEVELOPED INFLUENCED BY THE AMERICAN PARK SYSTEM. IN 1920'S, THE REGIONAL PLANNING WAS DEVELOPED AS THE METHOD TO SOLVE THE ENLARGEMENT PROBLEM OF BIG CITIES. THE GREEN GIRDLE PROPOSED BY RAYMOND ANWIN REFRECTED THIS REGIONAL PLANNING THEORY, AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GREEN GIRDLE CHANGED TO SECURE A BREAK IN THE OUTWARD SPORADIC SPREADING OF LONDON.</p>
著者
原(福与) 珠里
出版者
日本村落研究学会
雑誌
村落社会研究 (ISSN:13408240)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, no.2, pp.24-35, 2002
被引用文献数
2 3

Aguricultural newcomers from non-agricultural sectors face various difficulties when settling in rural communities. This paper focuses on the existence of &ldquo;buddies&rdquo; in these communities and examines the support network for aguricultural newcomers in &ldquo;K&rdquo; town in Hokkaido. The support policy of &ldquo;K&rdquo; town for aguricultural newcomers was decided in 1994. It is a very comprehensive policy and had already benefited 7 aguricultural newcomers by the year 2000.<br> This paper examines the feedback from the 7 aguricultural newcomers who have already begun farming in &ldquo;K&rdquo; town. Through looking at social support gained by the newcomers, the author extracts two types of networking for obtaining social support. The first is a way to form a support network through the &ldquo;gurdian system&rdquo;, whereby a &ldquo;guardian&rdquo; takes care of the newcomer in the broad dimensions of everyday-life, from agriculture to social life. Guardians are often farm managers who take charge of training newcomers. The other type is pro-active voluntary network formation, whereby the newcomer takes the initiative to approach a particular person to fullfill a certain type of support need. The former type utilizes cumulative rural relations and allows newcomers to adapt easily to the way of life in rural communities. This paper points out both the advantages and disadvantages in forming this type of support network.
著者
生田 正治 井上 裕
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経ビジネス (ISSN:00290491)
巻号頁・発行日
no.1329, pp.122-124, 2006-02-20

問 「日経ビジネス」は5年前に「郵政は民営化できる」という特集を掲載し、既得権益を脅かすものと、特定郵便局長の猛反発を食らいました。生田さんは今、特定郵便局長の定年を引き下げたり、転勤しない慣行をなくしたりと大鉈を振るっていらっしゃいますが、いわゆる抵抗勢力との戦いは大変だったのではないですか。
著者
奥野 久輝
出版者
公益社団法人 日本化学会
雑誌
日本化學會誌 (ISSN:03694208)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.63, no.1, pp.23-26, 1942 (Released:2009-12-22)
参考文献数
6
被引用文献数
2

明礬溶液250cc(アルミニウム0.1~1.5mg)に炭酸アムモニウム飽和溶液5ccとヘマトキシリン0.1%溶液2~10ccを加へて15分間放置し,後醋酸(1:2) 5ccを加へて酸性にするときは美しい赤紫色を呈する.この溶液を試藥として弗素を含む溶液に加へるときは,弗素の含量に應じて赤紫色が褪色して赤褐,褐,黄等の色を示す.この弗素の作用を利用して甚だ鋭敏な檢出及比色定量法を考案した.アルミニウムとヘマトキシリンの量を適當に撰ぶことにより數種の試藥が得られ更に供試液に對して加へる試藥の量を加減することにより, 0.001mg/50cc以上の弗素の種々な濃度に亘つて比色を行ひ得る.弗素はF′としても,またSiF″としても同様である.普通の陸水中に含有せらるゝ程度の他成分は本比色法の妨害とならない.
著者
太幡 直也 佐藤 広英
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.92, no.3, pp.211-216, 2021 (Released:2021-08-25)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
1

This study investigated the relationship between privacy consciousness for others and disclosing others’ information on Twitter. A model was developed based on a previous study in which this relationship was mediated by concern for others’ privacy on Twitter. 153 undergraduate participants who were regular Twitter users were asked to respond to a questionnaire inquiring about disclosing information about friends and acquaintances on their Twitter accounts during the past month. Participants also responded to scales assessing consciousness about others’ privacy and concerns about others’ privacy on Twitter. As expected, the results supported our predictive model. However, there was no significant direct relationship between privacy consciousness for others and disclosing others’ information on Twitter.