著者
小林 照明 猿橋 具和 澤田 郁郎 横山 貴大
出版者
石油技術協会
雑誌
石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.82, no.5, pp.355-364, 2017 (Released:2019-05-15)
被引用文献数
1

The D/V Chikyu greeted 11 years operation in 2016. Chikyu expeditions were always targeted to the most challenging and extreme areas which never experienced before. CDEX has overcome technical difficulties caused by the deep water, high current, high temperature and the deep drilling, and achieved world scientific and technical outcomes. This paper look back the establishment of the CDEX operation scheme from the early stage and the technical experiences of the Chikyu's deep sea drilling for 11 years. CDEX would continue to challenge to the new era of the next 10 years.
著者
杉山 和穂 笹谷 康之 小柳 武和
出版者
Japan Society of Civil Engineers
雑誌
日本土木史研究発表会論文集 (ISSN:09134107)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.7, pp.287-294, 1987-06-20 (Released:2010-06-15)
参考文献数
8

茨城県にある十王川は、流路延長16.5km、上流の河床勾配1/37、下流の河床勾配1/106で、流量が比較的安定している二級河川である。本研究ではこの十王川を対象に、河川構造物・工作物の建設にともなう河川空間の変化と、河川空間を利用してきた流域住民の行動・意識の変化とが、近代にどの様な関連性を持って推移してきたかについて考察した。その結果、十王川の流域は、昔ながらの川と人との深いつながりがある上流と、石炭洗いの汚濁を契機に川と人とのつながりが薄くなった下流に分かれて、変遷していったことがわかった。また、下流を主とする十王川の近代史は、人々の生活の中に川が深くかかわっていた第一期、水力発電という目的からのみ河川開発が行われた第二期、川が汚水の排水路になりさがり人々の意識が遠ざかっていった第三期、川の再生活動が始まった第四期に時代区分できた。水がきれいだった第一期、第二期に下流の中川根周辺では、落差が大きい等男の子向きの遊びができる男堰、水深が浅く女の子向きの遊びができる女堰があったり、ほていぢくと呼ぶ竹の水防林で、子供が遊んだり、たけのこを採るといった活動が行われ、河川空間の複合利用と使い分けがあった。しかし第四期では、治水、利水、魚釣りといった個別目的に沿って河川改修、利用が行われているが、第一期にみられたような多様な人々の活動を許す河川整備はまだ考えられていない。延長が短い急流河川だから、水質はかなり改善されたが、下流では、人々の川に対する関心は薄らいだままであった。
著者
二宮 祥一
出版者
一般社団法人 日本応用数理学会
雑誌
応用数理 (ISSN:24321982)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, no.4, pp.8-15, 2020-12-22 (Released:2021-03-31)
参考文献数
25

Numerical calculation of E[f(X(1,x))] where {X(t,x)}t≧0 is a diffusion process defined by a stochastic differential equation (SDE) is called weak approximation of the SDE. The author discusses higherorder discretization algorithms based on Kusuokaʼs theory. The fundamental theorem by Kusuoka and three algorithms are explained.
著者
林 博貴 八木 太
出版者
一般社団法人 日本物理学会
雑誌
日本物理学会誌 (ISSN:00290181)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.77, no.12, pp.796-804, 2022-12-05 (Released:2022-12-05)
参考文献数
27

我々は通常,空間3次元と時間1次元からなる4次元時空に住んでいると考えている.しかし,素粒子をより根源的な理論から統一的に扱おうとする試みの中で,我々の住む世界が実は極小サイズの余剰次元を含む5次元以上の時空である可能性が指摘されている.実際,素粒子理論を記述する枠組みである場の理論は,高次元時空についても古くから盛んに研究されている.ところが,高次元の場の理論は,典型的には高エネルギーにおいて相互作用が強くなるために量子補正の理解が困難であり,未だにわからないことも多い.例えば,あるラグランジアンによって指定された高次元場の理論が,すべてのエネルギースケールで予言能力を持つような問題のない理論かどうか自体がすでに非自明である.超対称性を持つ場の理論においては,摂動計算による量子補正の形が厳しく制限されるため,この問題に関してある程度信頼できる議論が可能になる.1996年頃のSeibergらによる研究では,有効結合定数の計算に基づき,各々の5次元超対称ゲージ理論について,前述の意味での問題のない理論であるかどうかの分類が行われた.高次元場の理論の研究においては,超弦理論を用いたアプローチもまた,長年にわたり重要な役割を果たしてきた.例えば,Dブレーンを用いて,超対称ゲージ理論を構成する手法がある.特に,5ブレーンウェブと呼ばれるものを用いることにより,多くの5次元超対称ゲージ理論が構成され,その分類や性質が議論されてきた.場の理論的手法と超弦理論的手法は超対称ゲージ理論の研究において相補的な役割を果たすため,ともに必要不可欠な存在である.ところが,両者には5次元超対称ゲージ理論の分類に関して一部食い違いがあり,それは長い間謎のままであった.近年,場の理論的手法と超弦理論的手法の双方のさらなる発展に伴い,この謎を解決する形で分類の理解が進んでいる.まず,場の理論的手法においては,クーロン的真空を正しく同定する方法が提唱され,その結果,問題のない理論が新たに存在する可能性があることが指摘された.また,超弦理論的手法では,5ブレーンウェブに関する理解の発展などに伴い,様々な5次元超対称ゲージ理論が,実際に超弦理論を用いて新たに実現できるようになってきた.その結果,当時の食い違いが解消されるとともに,初期の分類では問題があるとされていた多くの5次元超対称ゲージ理論が実は問題のない理論であることが明らかになってきた.また,それと深く関連する形で,6次元場の理論の分類の研究も進んでいる.5次元超対称ゲージ理論の研究においては,その分類だけでなく,様々な量子的性質が研究されている.例えば,5ブレーンウェブを用いた構成を応用することにより,超対称性の一部を保つ状態の数え上げや,空間の一方向が周期的になっている場合の有効結合定数の計算,ゲージ結合定数が発散するときのヒッグス的真空の解析などが行われている.その結果,摂動論では捉えきれなかった効果が定量的な形で明らかにされつつある.高次元場の理論は,古くからの研究テーマでありながら今なお新しい進展が続いており,今後のさらなる発展が期待される.
著者
浦野 正樹
出版者
Japan Association for Urban Sociology
雑誌
日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2016, no.34, pp.7-24, 2016-09-03 (Released:2017-11-01)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
2 1

In this paper we focused on the settlement process and mobility after the Great East-Japan Earthquake 2011. The experiences of people affected by the tsunami just after the Great Earthquake which attacked especially one of the most depopulated areas in Japan show a lot of problems of evacuation for aged and/or handicapped people.    There the percentage of aged people over 65-year-old was much higher than the average throughout the country, and the death rate of aged people caused by the tsunami was much higher. This meant that the devastated situation after this disaster symbolize the future of disaster impact in Japan.    Based on the analysis of the evacuation process we can find what we ought to prepare in advance for natural disasters. In order to find the way to cope with the situation we have to pay more attention to the long-term forming processes of vulnerability and resilience and to the reduction cycle of the effects of natural disasters in the areas. That is because the difficulties of their evacuation processes are closely related to the difficulties they experienced in their everyday lives, their familyʼs living conditions and their social vulnerability. They might be reluctant to evacuate to the place where they didnʼt think they could keep their health and feel relieved. So we have to consider in advance what kind of care we could do and what situation would develop there. In regard to this point we may well think about the lifestyle of multi-habitation as one lifestyle people can choose pre/during/after the severe event.
著者
浦野 正樹 松薗 祐子 長谷川 公一 宍戸 邦章 野坂 真 室井 研二 黒田 由彦 高木 竜輔 浅川 達人 田中 重好 川副 早央里 池田 恵子 大矢根 淳 岩井 紀子 吉野 英岐
出版者
早稲田大学
雑誌
基盤研究(A)
巻号頁・発行日
2019-04-01

本研究では、東日本大震災を対象として発災以来社会学が蓄積してきた社会調査の成果に基づき、災害復興には地域的最適解があるという仮説命題を実証的な調査研究によって検証し、また地域的最適解の科学的解明に基づいて得られた知見に基づいて、南海トラフ巨大地震、首都直下地震など次に予想される大規模災害に備えて、大規模災害からの復興をどのように進めるべきか、どのような制度設計を行うべきかなど、復興の制度設計、復興の具体的政策および復興手法、被災地側での復興への取り組みの支援の3つの次元での、災害復興に関する政策提言を行う。また、研究の遂行と並行して、研究成果の社会への還元とグローバルな発信を重視する。
著者
Yuichi Jyumonji Eiki Tsushima
出版者
Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine,Hirosaki Medical Society
雑誌
弘前医学 (ISSN:04391721)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.72, no.1-4, pp.24-33, 2022 (Released:2022-03-30)
参考文献数
32

Objective: Icing is the most common care method for Japanese baseball players to prevent secondary tissue damage. However, because of reports that icing causes decrease in muscle strength and reduction in training effect, currently there is no standard post-pitching care. The purpose of this study was to longitudinally investigate whether different post-pitching care methods are associated with different effects on shoulder joint function. Method: Aerobic exercise, stretch training, and icing were administered, at intervals of more than a week, to nine high school baseball pitchers after each of them pitched 100 throws. A comparative study was performed by measuring shoulder joint function after pitching, after care completion, and at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours post pitching. Results: Significant differences were observed in shoulder rotation range of motion and external rotation muscle strength due to differences in care. Icing was the most selected care method in the questionnaire survey as well. Conclusion: Depending on differences in post-pitching care, the shoulder joint function changes. Awareness about changes in shoulder joint function due to different care methods will help prevent pitching disorders through the selection of appropriate care depending on circumstances such as pitching day intervals.
著者
須山 聡
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地理学会
雑誌
地理学評論 Ser. A (ISSN:00167444)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.10, pp.597-618, 1993-10-01 (Released:2008-12-25)
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
2 2

本稿は,職人の地域的移動パターンの側面から輪島漆器の生産地域の拡大を考察することを目的とする.漆器関連事業所の分布は, 1960年代における輪島漆器業の発展に伴い拡大した.また1960年代には輪島漆器業の技能継承システムである徒弟制が変質し,漆器業とは無関係な出自をもつ労働力が広範囲から参入した.職人の移動をライフパスとして分析した結果,(1)家業継承者を主体とした,中心地域において滞留するパターン,(2)周辺・外縁地域出身で,中心地域で修業し,独立後周辺地域に移動するパターン,(3)中心地域出身で,独立後周辺地域に移動するパターン,が抽出された,輪島漆器の生産地域の拡大は,徒弟制の変質によって増加した漆器業とは無関係な出自をもつ,(2)および(3)のパターンに該当する職人が,良好な生産・居住環境を確保した結果生じたものである.同時に(1)のパターンは中心地域における漆器関連事業所の集積を継続させている.
著者
Atsushi Mizuno Keita Masuda Koichiro Niwa
出版者
The Japanese Circulation Society
雑誌
Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.78, no.11, pp.2774-2775, 2014-10-24 (Released:2014-10-24)
参考文献数
10
被引用文献数
4 5
著者
Yoshinao Yazaki Kazuhiro Satomi Taishiro Chikamori
出版者
The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine
雑誌
Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.11, pp.1645-1651, 2022-06-01 (Released:2022-06-01)
参考文献数
8
被引用文献数
1

Objective The Lewis lead configuration is an alternative bipolar chest lead and it can help detect atrial activity. The utility of the Lewis lead to distinguish orthodromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) from typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) by visualizing the apparent retrogradely conducted P waves was investigated. Methods Forty-four patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) were included in this study. All patients had PSVT documented by an electrocardiogram (ECG) and underwent an electrophysiological study (EPS). During tachycardia, an ECG recording was performed using a Lewis lead with the electrode on the right aspect of the sternum at the second intercostal space instead of the right arm and the electrode on the fourth intercostal space instead of the left arm. The ECG parameters during tachycardia were compared between AVRT and AVNRT. Results Fourteen patients were diagnosed with AVRTs and 30 with typical AVNRTs on EPS. The positive P wave could be seen in the Lewis lead configuration in 9 of 14 patients with AVRTs and 21 of 30 patients with AVNRTs. P waves were more often visible in the Lewis lead configuration than in the standard leads (66% vs. 45%). The RP interval was significantly longer for AVRTs than for AVNRTs (88±17 vs. 154±34 ms, p<0.001), which yields 89% sensitivity and 71% specificity for distinguishing these 2 tachyarrhythmias with a cut-off point of 100 ms. Conclusion A Lewis lead configuration may help to make an accurate diagnosis among the reentrant supraventricular tachycardias prior to procedures, owing to its ability to locate P waves.
著者
Xi YU Chen YUAN Xueshu SONG Haiying ZHANG
出版者
Center for Academic Publications Japan
雑誌
Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.69, no.6, pp.402-411, 2023-12-31 (Released:2023-12-31)
参考文献数
40

Previous studies on the relationship between dietary carotenoids and obesity are few, and the results are inconsistent. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between total carotenoids, α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein+zeaxanthin intakes and the risk of obesity in adults. This cross-sectional study was carried out based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018. The two 24-h dietary recall interviews were used to collect dietary carotenoids data. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline were used to assess the relationships between carotenoids intakes and obesity. A total of 25,868 adults aged 20 and over were enrolled in the present study. In multivariate logistic regression model 2, the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of obesity were 0.82 (0.74–0.91), 0.80 (0.72–0.90), 0.77 (0.69–0.87), 0.85 (0.76–0.95), and 0.80 (0.73–0.89) for the highest versus the lowest of total carotenoids, α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein+zeaxanthin intakes, respectively. Dose-response analyses suggested that the carotenoids mentioned above were inversely related to obesity in a nonlinear manner. In multivariate-adjusted model 2, total carotenoids intake were associated with lower risk of Class 1, 2, and 3 obesity. This study indicated that intakes of total carotenoids, α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein+zeaxanthin were inversely associated with the risk of obesity.
著者
吉川 高雄 小島 昭 大谷 杉郎 安田 榮一
出版者
THE CARBON SOCIETY OF JAPAN
雑誌
炭素 (ISSN:03715345)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1996, no.173, pp.148-153, 1996-07-30 (Released:2011-07-05)
参考文献数
28

In the paper, we prepared the carbon fibers/epoxy resin composites using modified carbon fibers by a new surface modification method named photo-oxygenation. Effects of the surface modification of carbon fibers on the properties of the composites and matrix resin have been studied through the estimation of color and dynamic viscoelastic properties of the composites. The obtained results are as follows.(1) Color and the dynamic viscoelastic properties of the composites change with carbon fibers' surface modified or not. So it is seen that the surface modification of reinforcing fibers changes not only the interphase but also the structure of matrix resin and its curing behavior.(2) The color properties and crosslinking density of the matrix resin are linearly related, so the color properties will be able to be applied for the quality control as curing estimation.
著者
松本 武夫 淵之上 康元 米丸 忠 田中 万吉
出版者
Japanese Society of Tea Science and Technology
雑誌
茶業研究報告 (ISSN:03666190)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1962, no.19, pp.6-9, 1962-11-15 (Released:2009-07-31)
被引用文献数
1 2

"Oku-Musahi" is a new variety for green tea. This was developed by the Tea Breeding Laboratory, M. A. F.-designated, Saitama-Ken Tea Exp. Stat., and the registration of this variety was made in 1962. "Oku-Musashi" was selected from the hybrids between "Saya-mamidori" and "Yamatomidori".The superior points of this variety are as follows;1. It grows vigorusly, and produces high yield and, especially, is cold resistant. It is, adapted to the northern zone of green tea production in Japan as Saitama Ken.2. It grows leaves of superior qualities for green tea. And, therefore, the tea has good characters, especiaially, in aroma and taste.3. "Oku-Musashi" is a late variety, that is, the plucking time is a few days later than "Sayamamidori" and 7 to 10 days later than "Yabukita, " both are main varietys cultivated in Saitama district. Therefore, the tea growers can control the labour of tea leaf plucking.
著者
下谷内 勝利
出版者
一般社団法人 日本運動・スポーツ科学学会
雑誌
運動とスポーツの科学 (ISSN:13421026)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.1, pp.33-41, 2011-12-30 (Released:2022-12-15)
参考文献数
52

This study focuses on sumo in the middle ages of its history, namely samurai sumo, and re-examines sumo in this period from the perspective of samurai as entertainers during that time.Today Japanese people consider samurais as noble and loyal warriors. This image has been conceptualized and established in the minds of the people through the nationalistic education of Japan since the Meiji period. However, the primordial question that arises from the freedom of thought and learning, which allows one to greatly diverge from the retrospective image of samurai warriors thus far, has led to the common belief that samurais were also once entertainers.Based on this theory, sumo in the middle ages can then be regarded as samurai sumo, which can be considered as entertainment. This can be attributed to the fact that since the mid-Heian period, sumo has been refined into a form of entertainment as a spectator sport, the primary purpose of which was to inspire and entertain the emperor and aristocrats of that time. During the late Heian period, in the provincial governing system that organized Japan into a single state, sumo was divided among specific houses and passed on through generations as a family business.Kyosumo, also known as Kyoto Sumo, is an organization to which professional sumo wrestlers belonged. These sumo wrestlers, whose ancestors performed at the ancient Japanese imperial court, would perform at festivals in major temples and shrines in and around Kyoto during the end of the Heian period. This form of “sumo for entertainment” that had been refined into a spectator sport also existed during the middle ages of Japan around the Shogunate. Originally, the samurai leaders also viewed sumo as a spectator sport that was performed by special sumo wrestlers for the entertainment and pleasure of the audience.In this sense, when we consider sumo in the middle ages from the perspective of samurai as entertainers, closely analysing samurai sumo, we can conclude that sumo was also a form of entertainment.