著者

中村 稔彦

出版者

公益財団法人 地方自治総合研究所

雑誌

自治総研 (ISSN:09102744)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.507, pp.74-111, 2021 (Released:2021-01-28)

著者

Tadahisa Numakura Koji Murakami Tsutomu Tamada Chiaki Yamaguchi Chihiro Inoue Shinya Ohkouchi Naoki Tode Hirohito Sano Hiroyuki Aizawa Kei Sato Ayumi Mitsune Hajime Kurosawa Toru Nakazawa Hisatoshi Sugiura

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.0104-22, (Released:2022-08-10)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

15

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BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) is a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine containing nucleoside-modified messenger RNA encoding the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike glycoprotein. Recently, ocular complications of mRNA vaccines have been reported increasingly frequently. However, immunological adverse events due to mRNA vaccines in real-world settings are not fully known. We herein report the novel development of sarcoidosis manifested as uveitis, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, angiotensin-converting enzyme elevation, and epithelioid and giant cell granuloma formation in the lung soon after the first BNT162b2 injection and review the current literature, including three reported cases of sarcoid-like reaction following COVID-19 vaccination.

著者

Daisuke Hori Tsukasa Takahashi Yudai Kaneda Akihiko Ozaki Takahiro Tabuchi

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine (ISSN:1342078X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.10, 2023 (Released:2023-02-02)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

5

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Background: Before the COVID-19 vaccine became available, many Japanese people were undecided about whether or not to receive them. Their decisions were keys to achieving herd immunity. The impact of the type of information source on the COVID-19 vaccine uptake decision-making process remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between information source usage on COVID-19 and subsequent vaccine uptake status among those who have yet to decide whether to receive vaccines from non-prioritized people for vaccination.Methods: Prospective cohort online self-administered surveys were conducted in February 2021 (T1), before the start of the mass vaccination program, and September–October 2021 (T2), when the vaccines were available to all citizens. The survey’s target population was registered monitors of an Internet research company. Participants who answered “I want to get vaccinated after waiting to see how it goes.” at T1 were eligible for analysis. The outcome variable was the COVID-19 vaccine uptake status in T2, and the predictors were 20 types of information sources, categorized based on people (family members, etc.), institutions (governments, etc.), or media (TV news, etc.). Adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using logistic regression adjusted for possible confounders.Results: The 5,139 respondents, mean age and standard deviation was 42.8 ± 12.5, 55.7% female, were eligible for analysis. 85.7% completed vaccination (including reserved/intended people) in T2. In the multivariate logistic analysis, odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for vaccine uptake were 1.49 (1.18–1.89) for workplaces/schools, 1.81 (1.33–2.47) for LINE, 0.69 (0.55–0.86) for Internet news and 0.62 (0.48–0.82) for video sharing sites.Conclusions: The type of information source usage played an important role in the decision to vaccinate against COVID-19. Although caution is needed in interpreting the results, obtaining information from workplaces/schools and LINE was influential in promoting immunization.

著者

吉田 健太 丸谷 由 桑谷 立

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

岩石鉱物科学 (ISSN:1345630X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.220412, 2022 (Released:2022-11-08)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

2

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Pumice ejected from the Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba (FOB) eruption of August 2021 arrived at the Nansei Islands after 2-months drifting, and subsequently arrived at Kanto area to the east and Taiwan, Philippines, and Thailand to the west. Deposition of huge amount of the drift pumice, most of which had a chocolate-chip cookie resemblance in appearance, is a drastic event and thus attracted SNS account holders, so that the arrival timeline can be traced via their daily posts. Gathering such huge amount of information from the internet can be a powerful tool to investigate and predict a geologic phenomenon that affects wide area in a short time scale. We introduce the drift pumice from FOB with respect to their deposition style, petrographic characteristics, and comparison with the previous drift pumice phenomena observed in Japan. Their impact to the Japanese society was well reflected to the buzz on Twitter. Finally, we discuss how the scientist should behave on the internet to provide correct information in an effective way.

著者

Hisanori Kohtsuka Kohei Oguchi Yusuke Yamana Masanori Okanishi

出版者

The Plankton Society of Japan, The Japanese Association of Benthology

雑誌

Plankton and Benthos Research (ISSN:18808247)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.3, pp.228-236, 2021-08-06 (Released:2021-07-31)

参考文献数

60

被引用文献数

1

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More than 100 individuals of sea cucumber larvae were collected in the Japanese coastal sea of Moroiso, Sagami Bay, Kanagawa Prefecture, central-eastern Japan, in January 2018. Based on an obtained sequence of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene region of one juvenile, it was identified as Sclerodactyla multipes by BLAST search with 0.3% genetic distance. The developmental process of the S. multipes was observed for three months, in which time, they grew from 250 µm to about 4 mm in length; here they showed distinct tentacles and dermal ossicles. Detailed morphological features of this species were described based on stereomicroscopic, fluorescence and SEM observations for the first time. This is the first description of life history through planktonic larva to juveniles in the family Sclerodactylidae.

著者

島津 奈留 岡田 謙介

出版者

日本行動計量学会

雑誌

行動計量学 (ISSN:03855481)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.63-82, 2022 (Released:2022-11-10)

参考文献数

100

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Signal detection theory is a framework developed in mathematical psychology to explain judgement with perceptual uncertainty, and is used in a variety of fields of psychonomics. It quantifies signal detectability, which is the ability to detect a perceived signal, and response bias, which is the tendency to overestimate or underestimate the existence of a signal. It is essential for applied researchers to understand its mathematical background and theoretical development to date in order to apply the theory properly and productively. However, few comprehensive documents are available that comprehensively describe the theory in Japanese. Therefore, this paper addresses the basic concepts and methods of the theory with related mathematical backgrounds and reviews its recent theoretical developments.

著者

高山 かおる 横関 博雄 松永 佳世子 片山 一朗 相場 節也 池澤 善郎 足立 厚子 戸倉 新樹 夏秋 優 古川 福実 矢上 晶子 乾 重樹 池澤 優子 相原 道子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本皮膚科学会

雑誌

日本皮膚科学会雑誌 (ISSN:0021499X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.130, no.4, pp.523-567, 2020-04-20 (Released:2020-04-20)

参考文献数

169

著者

島崎 秀昭

出版者

日本神経回路学会

雑誌

日本神経回路学会誌 (ISSN:1340766X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.3, pp.72-98, 2019-09-05 (Released:2019-10-31)

参考文献数

94

被引用文献数

1

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本稿は生物の学習と認識をベイズ統計学と熱力学の立場から解説する.脳は学習により獲得した外界のモデルをもとに推論を行う器官であると考えるのが脳のベイズ的な見方である.本稿の前半はこの見方が自発活動と刺激誘起活動をめぐる実験事実からいかにして形成されてきたかを解説し,ベイズ推論に基づく外界の認識が実現されていることを示唆する神経活動として図地分離・注意等の実験例を紹介する.後者の実験では順方向結合による初期刺激応答に対してリカレント回路による入力が時間遅れで統合されていることが示唆され,初期刺激応答後の神経活動に気づき・注意・報酬価値が表されると報告している.後半では神経細胞集団の刺激応答のダイナミクスを生成モデルを用いて再現した上で,学習と認識を神経活動のエントロピーに関する法則を用いて記述する熱力学的手法について解説する.特に時間遅れを伴う動的な情報統合によってベイズ推論を実現する神経ダイナミクスが情報論的なエンジンを構成することを紹介する(ニューラルエンジン).これにより内発的な刺激変調を定量化し,その効率を計算できることを解説する.

著者

田村 暢子 石井 則久

出版者

公益社団法人 日本皮膚科学会

雑誌

日本皮膚科学会雑誌 (ISSN:0021499X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.115, no.14, pp.2405-2407, 2005-12-20 (Released:2014-12-10)

被引用文献数

3

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高齢の疥癬患者16例(平均年齢82.8歳,入院14例・外来2例)にイベルメクチン内服治療を行い,有効性と安全性を検討した.1回投与量200 μg/kgを1週間間隔で2回投与し,初回投与から3週間後に効果判定した.併用外用剤はレスタミン軟膏(頓用)のみとした.途中脱落・中止の3例を除いた13例中11例が治癒した.また,投与前後での血液生化学検査所見に異常を認めなかった.副作用は下痢1例,中毒疹1例で共に一過性で軽症であった.8例については4カ月後までに再発を認めなかった.以上よりイベルメクチン内服は高齢者においても有効性と安全性の高い治療であると考えられた.

著者

澁谷 美穂子 藤尾 圭志 山本 一彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臨床リウマチ学会

雑誌

臨床リウマチ (ISSN:09148760)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.4, pp.281-285, 2013-12-30 (Released:2015-06-30)

参考文献数

11

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目的:自己免疫疾患における自己免疫寛容破綻のメカニズムを解析する. 方法:コラーゲン誘発性関節炎を用いて,所属リンパ節で増殖するCD4陽性T細胞を単一細胞レベルで解析した.また,抗原特異性の判明している2種類のT細胞受容体(T cell receptor: TCR)トランスジェニックマウスのCD4陽性T細胞とその特異抗原を用いた実験系(拡張抗原刺激モデル)を構築し,抗原濃度を種々に変化させてT細胞の解析を行った. 結果:Ⅱ型コラーゲン存在下に増殖するクローンを複数認め,分化した表現型を示したクローンのTCRを再構築したが,再構築したTCRをもつT細胞にはⅡ型コラーゲン特異性は認められなかった.しかしⅡ型コラーゲン特異的なT細胞存在下に共培養すると,増殖反応を認めた.拡張抗原刺激モデルを用いた実験では抗原Xが大量に存在しそのXに特異的なT細胞が十分に増殖する条件下で,ごく少量しか存在しない抗原Yに依存してY特異的なT細胞が活性化する現象を観察した.抗原X以外の抗原Yによる刺激に依存性が高い点で,従来のbystander activationとは異なる新しい活性化様式と考えた.3種類のT細胞を共培養する実験系でも,特異抗原の存在しないT細胞はまったく分裂せず,抗原特異的な刺激が重要であることが示された. 結論:免疫反応を惹起した抗原Xとは異なる抗原Yに対する免疫反応が確認され,自己免疫病態において観察されるエピトープスプレディングの基盤現象である可能性が考えられた.

著者

千葉 慶

出版者

ジェンダー史学会

雑誌

ジェンダー史学 (ISSN:18804357)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.5-19, 2006 (Released:2011-10-11)

参考文献数

38

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This paper deals with the political function of Amaterasu in the Modern Japanese Imperial State from the perspective of gender theory. What exactly was Amaterasu? First, as the ancestral goddess,she was the legitimating principle of the modern Japanese Imperial State. Second, Amaterasu was a cross-dressing goddess, an androgynous being. Androgyny was used as a sign that pointed to a being that lies beyond Power-Law; at the same time it was this higher being who defined Power-Law. In other words, androgyny was seen as the source of Power. For this reason, the attribute of hermaphroditism was included in Amaterasu as an icon of "Legitimacy" during the Restoration period and its changing social order. However, because the national order was constituted in a masculinist form, this hermaphroditic element came to be seen as threatening to patriarchy. Even so, the state could not let go of Amaterasu as a symbol of the source of authority. In the process of formation of the modern imperial nation-state, while the emperor and the government appropriated Amaterasu, her androgynous attributes were forcibly domesticated through social norms. Amaterasu could not be represented in national textbooks, staging her sacred character. This prohibition of representation symbolized at the same time the attribute of "great womanhood" (her symbolic hermaphroditism).Despite the Meiji system's consideration of her hermaphroditic attributes to be heretical, these attributes did not entirely disappear. On the one hand, Amaterasu's attributes became the fundamental support of the women's equal rights movement; on the other hand, as the hall-mark of divinity that overcomes the worldly dimension of existence, Amaterasu's attributes were incorporated by cults whose aims were social transformation. Ironically, in the second half of the Meiji period, Amaterasu's hermaphroditism, the source of power, was effaced from the sphere of "Legitimacy," to remain only in the realm of "Heresy."

著者

Kenji Suetsugu

出版者

The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics

雑誌

Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica (ISSN:13467565)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.3, pp.211-217, 2022-11-30 (Released:2022-12-15)

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Gastrodia (Orchidaceae) is a species-rich, achlorophyllous genus containing more than 100 species. Recently, several species of Gastrodia with only closed, self-pollinating, cleistogamous flowers were discovered in Japan and Taiwan. Here, an additional taxon of Gastrodia with completely cleistogamous flowers from a lowland evergreen forest on Yakushima, Japan, is described as G. takeshimensis Suetsugu var. shirataniensis Suetsugu. It is most similar to G. takeshimensis var. takeshimensis, but is distinguishable by its peloric labellum and column with a prominent ventral appendage. The assignment of taxonomic rank to a peloric, completely cleistogamous orchid, is discussed. Comparison between G. takeshimensis var. shirataniensis and other taxa of Gastrodia revealed that G. qingyunshanensis is conspecific with G. clausa. The ecological significance of the column appendage in G. takeshimensis var. shirataniensis and G. clausa is also discussed.

著者

藤本 修平 小向 佳奈子 杉田 翔 小林 資英

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

理学療法科学 (ISSN:13411667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.4, pp.669-674, 2018 (Released:2018-08-21)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

3

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〔目的〕リハビリ分野のRCT論文において,研究結果を印象付けるために本来目的とした結果以外を強調するSPINについて検証することとした.〔対象と方法〕対象文献の検索は MEDLINEなどを用いた.本文中に主要アウトカムが明記されておらず,かつ主要アウトカムの結果が統計的に有意差を認めるものは除外した.SPINは,抄録と本文の内容を比較し,主要アウトカムが有意でないものの介入の利益を強調するように記載しているか評価した.〔結果〕SPINであった抄録は32/42件(76.2%)で,本文の結果では20/42件(47.6%)であった.〔結語〕リハビリ分野のRCT論文の内容は,抄録の内容や本文の結果,考察からのみから判断することの危険性が示唆された.

著者

矢上 晶子

出版者

日本香粧品学会

雑誌

日本香粧品学会誌 (ISSN:18802532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.104-108, 2018-06-30 (Released:2019-06-30)

参考文献数

14

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Many Japanese individuals develop gray hair with age, and thus hair dye products are useful for aesthetics and everyday life. However, there has been an increase in the number of cases of contact dermatitis following the use of hair dye. Allergic contact dermatitis has been observed in many patients and some cases develop contact urticaria as an immediate hypersensitivity reaction to hair dye. It is therefore important for individuals to perform an initial strand and allergy test before using a product, and to visit a medical institution immediately if skin symptoms are seen following the use of hair dye. In my presentation, I described the actual symptoms of skin disorders induced by using hair care products, the allergens related to hair dye use, and the efforts of administrative bodies such as the Japan Hair Color Industry Association and the Skin Safety Case Information Network (SSCI-Net) website.

著者

田辺 和俊 鈴木 孝弘

出版者

日本コンピュータ化学会

雑誌

Journal of Computer Chemistry, Japan (ISSN:13471767)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.A41-A48, 2021 (Released:2021-09-15)

参考文献数

15

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全世界に蔓延している新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)の日本における死亡要因を探るために,都道府県別の死亡率を目的変数とし,生活や健康,社会経済的要因など各種の指標を説明変数として重回帰分析による実証研究を試みた.目的変数と説明変数との非線形関係に対処するためにSupport Vector Machineを適用し,感度分析により要因を探索した.その結果,死亡率を上げる危険要因として生活保護,都市化,貧困率,サービス業,性比の5種,死亡率を下げる防御要因として単独世帯,食事,睡眠の3要因,併せて計8種の要因が得られた.特に,いわゆる「三密」に関連する都市化,サービス業,単独世帯の3要因の寄与がもっとも大きいこと,次いで貧困層の実態を反映する生活保護と貧困率の寄与が大きいことなど,新型コロナウイルスの予防対策に関して新規かつ有用な知見が得られた.

著者

Zhao Ma Weiqin Li Jicui Yang Yijuan Qiao Xue Cao Han Ge Yue Wang Hongyan Liu Naijun Tang Xueli Yang Junhong Leng

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine (ISSN:1342078X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.4, 2023 (Released:2023-01-13)

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

3

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Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common congenital malformations in humans. Inconsistent results emerged in the existed studies on associations between air pollution and congenital heart disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of gestational exposure to air pollutants with congenital heart disease, and to explore the critical exposure windows for congenital heart disease.Methods: The nested case-control study collected birth records and the following health data in Tianjin Women and Children’s Health Center, China. All of the cases of congenital heart disease from 2013 to 2015 were selected matching five healthy controls for each case. Inverse distance weighting was used to estimate individual exposure based on daily air pollution data. Furthermore, the conditional logistic regression with distributed lag non-linear model was performed to identify the association between gestational exposure to air pollution and congenital heart disease.Results: A total of 8,748 mother-infant pairs were entered into the analysis, of which 1,458 infants suffered from congenital heart disease. For each 10 µg/m3 increase of gestational exposure to PM2.5, the ORs (95% confidence interval, 95%CI) ranged from 1.008 (1.001–1.016) to 1.013 (1.001–1.024) during the 1st–2nd gestation weeks. Similar weak but increased risks of congenital heart disease were associated with O3 exposure during the 1st week and SO2 exposure during 6th–7th weeks in the first trimester, while no significant findings for other air pollutants.Conclusions: This study highlighted that gestational exposure to PM2.5, O3, and SO2 had lag effects on congenital heart disease. Our results support potential benefits for pregnancy women to the mitigation of air pollution exposure in the early stage, especially when a critical exposure time window of air pollutants may precede heart development.

著者

梶並 知記

出版者

Webインテリジェンスとインタラクション研究会

雑誌

Webインテリジェンスとインタラクション研究会 予稿集 第3回研究会 (ISSN:27582922)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.79-84, 2013 (Released:2022-11-07)

参考文献数

19

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本稿では,e-Sportsの一種である対戦型格闘ゲームを対象にした,動画コンテンツを用いたプレイ分析支援のために必要な要素について検討する.対戦型格闘ゲームの文化的価値向上を目指す上で,伝統的な盤上ゲームのようにプレイヤーの思考分析が可能であること,また他者へプレイヤーの思考の伝達が可能であることが重要であると考える.本稿では,対戦型格闘ゲームにおけるプレイ技能のうち,戦略的な思考に着目し,それをプレイヤー自身または他者が理解可能な可視化手法について検討する.対戦型格闘ゲームのプレイの特徴を,時間的な側面と空間的な側面から捉え,それらの特徴を考慮して,プレイヤーの戦略的思考の可視化を考える.本稿では,プレイヤーの思考の変化をグラフ構造の変化で表現する方法,ゲームフィールド内のプレイヤーの着目箇所について,参照枠を応用し矩形,円,矢印といった基本図形で表現する方法,これら2つのコンセプトについて述べる.

著者

Yurika Numata‐Uematsu Hiroyuki Yokoyama Hiroki Sato Wakaba Endo Mitsugu Uematsu Chieko Nara Shigeo Kure

出版者

The University of Tokushima Faculty of Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Medical Investigation (ISSN:13431420)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.3.4, pp.280-282, 2018 (Released:2018-10-04)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

16 17

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Many studies have reported many adverse effects of children's use of media. These effects include reduced cognitive development and hyperactivity and attention disorders. Although it has been recommended that child be kept away from the media during the early developmental period, many modern parents use the media as a way to calm their children. Consequently, these children lack the opportunity to form selective attachments by reduced social engagement. These children's symptoms occasionally mimic autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, few studies have examined the symptoms children develop with early media exposure. Here, we present a boy exposed to the media during his early development who was diagnosed with attachment disorder. He was unable to make eye contact and was hyperactive and had delayed language development, like children with ASD. His symptoms improved dramatically after he was prevented from using all media and encouraged to play in other ways. After this treatment, he would make eye contact, and talked about playing with their parents. Simply avoiding the media and playing with others can change the behavior of a child with ASD‐like symptoms. It is important to understand the symptoms caused by attachment disorder and early media exposure. J. Med. Invest. 65:280‐282, August, 2018

著者

森田 善仁 讃岐 美智義 世良 昭彦 木下 博之

出版者

The Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine

雑誌

日本集中治療医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13407988)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.111-116, 2003-04-01 (Released:2009-03-27)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 1

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心停止をきたした脚気心症例を経験し,PCPS下に,ビタミンB1を静注し救命しえた。48歳男性。ショック,呼吸困難のため当院に緊急搬送された。来院時,重篤な循環不全と代謝性アシドーシスを認めた。カテコラミンや重炭酸ナトリウム投与,IABPによる循環補助によっても症状の改善を認めず,心臓カテーテル検査中,心停止をきたしたためPCPSを導入した。諸検査後,心筋梗塞,肺梗塞,心タンポナーデを否定し,病歴から脚気心を疑った。ビタミンB1100mgを静注後,2時間でアシドーシスの改善がみられ,6時間で循環動態が安定したためPCPSを離脱した。原因不明のショック,アシドーシスでは,脚気心を疑い,速やかにビタミンB1を投与するべきである。

著者

深沢 克己

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.1, pp.1-25, 2020 (Released:2020-11-13)

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I. Introduction: the Japan Academy and Freemasonry Freemasonry, though not well known to Japanese people, is an initiatic society which has played an important part in the formation of modern Occidental civilization since the eighteenth century. So that historical connections are not absent between this fraternal association and the Japan Academy. Firstly, two of the founding members of the Academy, Amane Nishi and Mamichi Tsuda, had been initiated into Freemasonry at Leiden as early as 1864. Secondly, its equivalent in the United Kingdom being the Royal Society of London, the Japan Academy developed exchange, notably after the Second World War, with this British institution whose close relations with Freemasonry were known since its foundation in 1660, starting with Elias Ashmole and Sir Robert Moray. Lastly, just as the Japan Academy maintains intimate relations with the Imperial House, so British Freemasonry has been placed under the protection of the royal family since the early nineteenth century. All this justifies the subject of the present paper.(View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)