著者

宇都 雅輝

出版者

教育システム情報学会

雑誌

教育システム情報学会誌 (ISSN:13414135)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.8-18, 2020-01-01 (Released:2020-01-01)

参考文献数

77

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In various assessment contexts including entrance examinations, educational assessments, and personnel appraisals, performance assessment has attracted much attention to measure examinees’ higher order abilities. Nevertheless, low assessment reliability and high costs of scoring are regarded as persistent difficulties hindering performance assessment. To resolve these shortcomings, item response theory models that incorporate rater and task characteristic parameters and automated essay scoring methods have been proposed recently. This paper introduces state-of-the-art topics for these technologies.

著者

山田 昌弘

出版者

The Japan Sociological Society

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.4, pp.341-354, 2004-03-31 (Released:2009-10-19)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

13 13 24

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近代社会においては, 家族は国家と並んでその関係が選択不可能, 解消困難という意味で, 個人化されざる領域と考えられてきた.この2つの領域に, 選択可能性の拡大という意味で個人化が浸透していることが, 現代社会の特徴である.家族の個人化が日本の家族社会学者の間で考察され始めるのは, 1980年代である.それは, 家族の多様化という形で, 家族規範の弱体化が進んだことの反映である.考察に当たって, 2つの質的に異なった家族の個人化を区別することが重要である.1つは, 家族の枠内での個人化であり, 家族の選択不可能, 解消困難性を保持したまま, 家族形態や家族行動の選択肢の可能性が高まるプロセスである.それに対して, ベックやバウマンが近年強調しているのは, 家族関係自体を選択したり, 解消したりする自由が拡大するプロセスであり, これを家族の本質的個人化と呼びたい.個人の側から見れば, 家族の範囲を決定する自由の拡大となる.家族の枠内での個人化は, 家族成員間の利害の対立が不可避的に生じさせる.その結果, 家族内部での勢力の強い成員の決定が優先される傾向が強まる.家族の本質的個人化が進行すれば, 次の帰結が導かれる. (1) 家族が不安定化し, リスクを伴ったものとなる. (2) 階層化が進展し, 社会の中で魅力や経済力によって選択の実現率に差が出る. (3) ナルシシズムが広がり, 家族が道具化する. (4) 幻想の中に家族が追いやられる.

著者

岩崎 公弥

出版者

地理科学学会

雑誌

地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.13-23, 1979 (Released:2017-04-15)

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The local system of the Meiji government to unify the whole country started with the system of Ward-Section (daiku-shoku 大区小区) in 1872. But studies about the loacal system before 1872 were limited one about the erstwhile Tokugawa's territory. This paper deals with the local system of that time, particular with the trend to the village consolidation. More over, the author tried to make clear the connection among the consolidated village, oaza (大字) and hamlet through hierarchies of agricultural producers. This consolidation of village (administrative village in Edo period) in Saga daimiate was carried out for 1869-1872. The purpose of the consolidation of village was to construct village of more uniform size by dissolving a small village. The consolidation aimed at creating the absolute authority behind the policy with the slogan "wealth and military strength" (Fukoku-kyohei 富国強兵) and then accomplishing the concentralization of a bureaucratic authority by the appointment of man of talent in the public sellection of the village officer etc. These characters in the political reformation of Saga daimiate in 1869 had been inherited from the policy in the late Edo period. The consolidated village as its result became a terminal unit in section formation of Ward-Section in 1872, and then was given the character as a autonomous body by Formation Law of County, Section, Town and Village (gunkuchoson henseiho 郡区町村編成法) in 1872. And the consolidated village has survived as oaza since 1889. But oaza was neither a village community nor an actual administraive unit. The subject possessing a common land is mostly an erstwhile administrative village (an administrative village in Edo period) . Judging from the possessing condition of farm land by peasants, the territorial unit of their agricultural production was a hamlet or rarely a village (an administrative village in Edo period). At the result of the consolidation of village in the early period of Meiji era, the consolidated village performed a part of more administrative unit in the early period of Meiji era, but after 1889 it has not functioned as the actual administrative unit and the territorial unit of an agricultural product.

著者

渡邉 英徳 坂田 晃一 北原 和也 鳥巣 智行 大瀬良 亮 阿久津 由美 中丸 由貴 草野 史興

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本バーチャルリアリティ学会

雑誌

日本バーチャルリアリティ学会論文誌 (ISSN:1344011X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.3, pp.497-505, 2011-09-30 (Released:2017-02-01)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

4

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We defined the approval requirements and established the design method for information architecture "Plural digital archives" that supplemented existing digital archives' weak point. A digital archive that urges multipronged, overall understanding about archived event can be achieved by this design method. And more, we produced an implementation example "Nagasaki Archive" and verified the validity of the design method through the analysis of behavior and comments of users and the access log of the website.

著者

田中 祐人 酒谷 哲 野口 孝俊

出版者

社団法人 日本鋼構造協会

雑誌

鋼構造論文集 (ISSN:18809928)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.71, pp.71_1-71_13, 2011-09-29 (Released:2012-12-28)

参考文献数

19

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Jacket structures have many features as follows: a few foundation piles and reduction of site construction period caused by extremely high horizontal rigidity, moreover high manufacturing quality. In the construction of Tokyo International Airport Re-expansion Project, jacket substructures are applied to pile-elevated structures and connecting taxiways. This paper describes structural plan of marine bridges for airplanes, moreover applicability of jackets for substructures to marine bridges for airplanes.

著者

小幡 圭祐 松沢 裕作

出版者

慶應義塾経済学会

雑誌

三田学会雑誌 = Mita journal of economics (ISSN:00266760)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.110, no.1, pp.75-91, 2017-04

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はじめに1 内務省における「本省事業」の起草2 太政官における処理過程3 「別紙」の性格むすび研究ノート

著者

藤井 勉 澤田 匡人

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.Supplement, pp.2-2, 2014 (Released:2014-12-05)

著者

唐澤 太輔

出版者

早稲田大学大学院社会科学研究科

雑誌

ソシオサイエンス (ISSN:13458116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.17-32, 2011-03

著者

蔭山 雅洋 鈴木 智晴 岩本 峰明 中島 一 前田 明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.737-757, 2015 (Released:2015-12-18)

参考文献数

39

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The purpose of the present study was to clarify the profiles of the lower limb and trunk motion during baseball pitching in relation to their differences between the wind-up and the set positions, and to determine how the ball pitching velocity can be increased in the set position. The subjects were 12 high school baseball pitchers (age: 16.4±0.5 yr, height: 173.7±4.8 cm, weight: 64.8±8.1 kg). Pitching was assessed using a three-dimensional motion system and 2 multicomponent force plates. It was found that 1) the maximum and average pitched ball velocities were significantly lower in the set position than in the wind-up position, 2) the maximum ground-reaction force of the pivot and stride legs and the impulse of pivot during the stride phase (from the time of maximal stride knee height to the time of maximal anterior push-off force) were significantly lower in the set position than in the wind-up position, and 3) the maximum upper torso/trunk twist angular velocity and the pelvis/upper torso angular velocity at moment of the stride foot contact were significantly lower in the set position than in the wind-up position. These results indicate that 1) the ball pitching velocity in the set position is lower than in the wind-up position. In addition, the factors associated with this lower ball velocity are suggested to be 2) decreased momentum of the pivot leg and 3) decreased rotation motion of the trunk during the arm acceleration phase.   Therefore, in order to increase ball pitching velocity in the set position, increasing the moment to the rear of the pivot leg during a short period and improvement of lower limb strength/power with the extension movement of the hip and knee joint may be important factors.

著者

雨森芳洲 (東) 著

出版者

白石直道

巻号頁・発行日

vol.元, 1883

著者

合場 敬子 アイバ ケイコ Keiko AIBA

雑誌

Gender and Sexuality : Journal of the Center for Gender Studies, ICU

巻号頁・発行日

no.3, pp.3-22, 2008-03-31

著者

若林欽 訳

出版者

実業之世界社

巻号頁・発行日

1916

著者

豊沢 純子 竹橋 洋毅

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.200-209, 2016-03-18 (Released:2016-03-28)

参考文献数

16

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This study examined the relationship between speed and accuracy in police calls for service, verbal behavior (listener, communicator), and communication structure (adjacency pairs, turn-taking). Forty participants were randomly assigned to either the role of reporter or police officer, and asked to communicate based on a scenario of snatching by using the mobile phone. The results showed that verbal behavior were positively correlated with accuracy and negatively correlated with speed. Communication structure were positively correlated with accuracy and not correlated with speed. However, adjacency pairs were positively related with speed accuracy. The way of intervention to facilitate forming adjacency pairs was discussed.

著者

今宿 裕 朝倉 雅史 作野 誠一 嶋崎 雅規

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.18078, (Released:2019-05-10)

参考文献数

108

被引用文献数

1

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The present study had 3 objectives. First, we aimed to categorize the effectiveness of participation in school athletic clubs in accordance with findings from preceding studies (study 1). Second, studies on the effectiveness of athletic club activities were to be organized by generation with the changes observed in each generation also described with a view towards clarifying research tasks (study 2). Third, we aimed to clarify the effectiveness of athletic club activities that had not yet been demonstrated in previous research (study 3). In study 1, when we categorized the effectiveness of athletic club activities, we confirmed the construct, the subscale, and the observable variable that determined effectiveness in each study. Each concept was grouped based on similarity and made types having higher degree. The categories we derived were "school adjustment"; "scholastic ability"; "character"; "stress and mental health"; "psychosocial development"; "physical growth and development"; "sport as a habit"; "attitude towards sports"; "fatigue"; "lifestyle"; and "others". In study 2, when we investigated the transition of studies on the effectiveness of athletic club activities, we focused on the problem establishment in these studies. This was considered while examining the association between each problem establishment and social background or policies of the day. As a result, at first, researchers continued selecting students who participated in athletic clubs as appropriate subjects for examining the effectiveness of physical exercise or sports activity. Second, researchers are also interested in the negative effectiveness of participation in athletic clubs. Positive trends are particularly strong for "school adjustment" and "stress and mental health" studies conducted after 1998. Third, studies that demonstrated significance or effectiveness of athletic club activities increased after 1983, and the effectiveness that were determined diversified since that time. Researchers found out various significance and effectiveness of athletic club activities, and recognition of the potential for athletic club activities to address issues also increased. It can be said that we researchers don’t reach a common understanding on the significance and effectiveness of athletic club activities. In study 3, we brought attention to the effectiveness of athletic club activities that had been overlooked in previous studies by comparing effectiveness as determined in empirical studies how it had been determined in theoretical studies. Unnoticed effectiveness of athletic club activities was the acquisition of abilities and attributes necessary for developing sports society and culture.

著者

黒坂 五馬

出版者

東京大学

巻号頁・発行日

2000

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博士論文

著者

岸岡 史郎 雑賀 史浩 深澤 洋滋 木口 倫一 小林 大地

出版者

和歌山県立医科大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2015-04-01

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マクロファージのフェノタイプ制御に及ぼすニコチン性アセチルコリン受容体(nAChR)シグナルの影響を精査し、神経障害性疼痛を含む慢性炎症疾患の治療に繋がる研究を行った。神経障害性疼痛を担う炎症性マクロファージにはnAChRが発現しており、nAChRリガンドの処置により炎症性因子の産生が抑制されることをin vivoおよびin vitroにおける各種解析から証明した。さらにnAChRリガンドを投与することで、神経障害性疼痛病態が改善することも明らかにしている。従って、nAChRシグナルを介した炎症性マクロファージの制御は慢性炎症疾患の治療に有用な薬物療法として期待される。

著者

影山 昇

出版者

放送大学

雑誌

放送教育開発センター研究紀要 (ISSN:09152210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.63-98, 1995

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Japan, an island nation, owed much of its prosperity to the exploitation of marine resources during the Meiji period. In 1888, a Fisheries Institute called "Suisan Denshujo" was founded in Tokyo. "Suisan Denshujo", which was the predecessor of the Tokyo University of Fisheries, was established to teach techniques in fishing, manufacturing and cultivation, and to train technical experts in the fishing industry. The first schoolmaster was Akekiyo Sekizawa (1843-1897) and the second, Tamotsu Murata (1842-1925). In this article, the author reviews the two schoolmasters' contributions to the development of the Fisheries Institute.

出版者

公益社団法人 日本リハビリテーション医学会

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine (ISSN:18813526)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.11, pp.763-773, 2010-11-18 (Released:2010-11-29)

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リハビリテーション医学・医療の社会的発展と公認への道…米本 恭三 763リハビリテーション医学教育・研究の歴史—Dr. Frank Krusen からのメッセージ—…千野 直一 768

著者

高橋 道子

出版者

北海道大学大学院国際広報メディア・観光学院

雑誌

国際広報メディア・観光学ジャーナル

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.113-134, 2008-03-21

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Nowadays civil society in Japan is in the midst of a great transformation at a time when 'publicness', which used to belong to the authorities, should now involve those whom are concerned with administrative and fiscal reforms. Consequently, people in local communities have growing commitments to participate in policymaking directly, in a so-called 'partnership'. Furthermore, there is a growing interest in how the authorities should reform their environmental, welfare, and urban development policies at the regional level. It is certain that decision-making should depend on how well the residents of the local district facilitate consensus-building efforts among themselves. Prior to accomplishing agreement, mutual understanding is called for by means of communication in the local community. This is the reason why I discuss the theoretical possibilities of the Chonaikai (neighborhood association) within the framework of civil public sphere (Harbermas 1973), that is described as a communication space in order to present an ideal model of the Chonaikai. I argue that the ideal model should be considered as a voluntary association, in which the people establish agendas relevant to self-evident 'living', some of which might result in the raising of political issues in civil society by means of intersubjective communication.

著者

三島 らすな GARDINER Tim 倉本 宣

出版者

日本緑化工学会

雑誌

日本緑化工学会誌 (ISSN:09167439)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, pp.196-199, 2019-05-31 (Released:2019-12-27)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

3

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ウラギクは塩性湿地に生育するキク科の植物で,東京都においては絶滅危惧IB 類に指定されている。本研究では,東京都立葛西臨海公園の護岸を対象に,ウラギクの分布規定要因を明らかにすることを目的とした。護岸の測量調査と植生調査の結果,当護岸には満潮時に塩分の含まれた水に浸ることがあるエリアと,普段水に浸ることがないエリアが存在し,ウラギクはどちらにも生育していた。ウラギク個体が存在する箇所には基質の堆積が見られ,基質の堆積は本種の生育に必要な条件となっている可能性が考えられた。護岸において基質の堆積を考慮するという観点は,我が国において,水域と陸域の間の移行帯特有の植生を保全及び再生する上で重要なものだと考える。