42 0 0 0 OA 電気事業要覧

著者
逓信省電気局 編
出版者
電気協会
巻号頁・発行日
vol.第〔6〕回, 1914
著者
田村 恵理 岸本 桂子 福島 紀子
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.133, no.6, pp.737-745, 2013 (Released:2013-06-01)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
2 5 1

This study sought to determine the effect of pharmacists wearing a mask on the consultation intention of patients who do not have a trusting relationship with the pharmacists. We conducted a questionnaire survey of customers at a Tokyo drugstore in August 2012. Subjects answered a questionnaire after watching two medical teaching videos, one in which the pharmacist was wearing a mask and the other in which the pharmacist was not wearing a mask. Data analysis was performed using a paired t-test and multiple logistic regression. The paired t-test revealed a significant difference in ‘Maintenance Problem’ between the two pharmacist situations. After excluding factors not associated with wearing a mask, multiple logistic regression analysis identified three independent variables with a significant effect on participants not wanting to consult with a pharmacist wearing a mask. Positive factors were ‘active-inactive’ and ‘frequency mask use’, a negative factor was ‘age’. Our study has shown that pharmacists wearing a mask may be a factor that prevents patients from consulting with pharmacist. Those patients whose intention to consult might be affected by the pharmacists wearing a mask tended to be younger, to have no habit of wearing masks preventively themselves, and to form a negative opinion of such pharmacists. Therefore, it was estimated that pharmacists who wear masks need to provide medical education by asking questions more positively than when they do not wear a mask in order to prevent the patient worrying about oneself.
著者
渡瀬 誠 柳 英雄 廣岡 紀文 森 琢児 小川 稔 丹羽 英記
出版者
日本臨床外科学会
雑誌
日本臨床外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:13452843)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.11, pp.3375-3379, 2009 (Released:2010-04-05)
参考文献数
8

今回,肛門性癖者の経肛門的異物挿入によりS状結腸穿孔をきたした症例を経験したので報告する.症例は59歳,男性.過去に,直腸異物に対し経肛門的摘出術1度,開腹摘出術2度を受けた既往がある.今回,経肛門的にボールなどを挿入し自力にて排出困難となり他院を受診したが,経肛門的に摘出困難なため当院を紹介された.主訴は,腹部膨満感であり,腹痛は認めなかった.腹部単純X線にて遊離ガスを認めたため緊急手術を施行した.S状結腸内に直径10cmと20cmの異物2個が嵌屯し,直径4cmの穿孔部を認めたが,穿孔部は内腔側より直径10cmのビニールボールにて被覆されていたため,便の流出は認められなかった.穿孔部を開大し異物を除去した後,穿孔部を縫合閉鎖した.術後経過は順調で8日目に退院した.
著者
中島 弘二 田邉 昭仁 岡内 省三 早川 尚雅 久野 裕輝 高田 景子 元佐 慶子 小西 由記 羽井 佐裕子 桶口 三香子 萬納寺 聖仁 矢部 博樹 大本 明義 三澤 眞人
出版者
一般社団法人 日本糖尿病学会
雑誌
糖尿病 (ISSN:0021437X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.8, pp.551-559, 2013 (Released:2013-09-07)
参考文献数
29

HbA1c(NGSP)8.4 %以上の174名の2型糖尿病患者に9日間の短期強化インスリン療法(Short-Term Intensive Insulin Therapy以下STIIT)を行い糖毒性解除の解析をした.STIIT後ボグリボース・メトホルミンを基本薬とする未治療群74名・既治療群64名(以下未群・既群)の2年間の効果を比較した.STIITは血糖値,高感度CRP, HOMA-IR, HOMA-βを有意に改善した.STIIT前(以下前)HbA1cが前_血糖値に正相関し,前_HOMA-βおよび糖尿病罹病期間(以下罹病期間)に逆相関した.STIIT施行3ヶ月後のHbA1cは罹病期間に正相関し,患者本来の糖尿病状態を反映した.未群のほうがHbA1cは高いが6ヶ月後のHbA1c 6.9 %未満達成率は有意に高かった(未群66 %,既群30 %).多重ロジスティック回帰分析で未群・既群と罹病期間は独立してHbA1cの目標達成に貢献した.既群でコントロール不良な患者のなかにもβ細胞機能が温存された例もあった.コントロール不良患者では早期に糖毒性を解除しβ細胞に負担をかけない治療で糖毒性を再発させないことが大切である.

42 0 0 0 OA 電気事業要覧

著者
逓信省電気局 編
出版者
電気協会
巻号頁・発行日
vol.第13回, 1922
著者
小西 祥文
出版者
環境経済・政策学会
雑誌
環境経済・政策研究 (ISSN:18823742)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.1, pp.1-11, 2020-03-28 (Released:2020-05-15)
参考文献数
26
被引用文献数
1

EBPM(エビデンスに基づく政策立案)を進めていく上で,どのようなエビデンスをどのように蓄積していくべきか?本稿では,この問いに対するより本質的な議論を喚起することを目的として,実証研究における構造推定と誘導形推定の違いを概説し,経済学の理論と実証の手法(特に理論的な定式化に基づく実証分析)が,エビデンスの構築やより効果的な制度・施策の発掘にどのように役立つかについて展望する.
著者
森川 友義
出版者
JAPANESE POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION
雑誌
年報政治学 (ISSN:05494192)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.2, pp.2_217-2_236, 2008 (Released:2012-12-28)
参考文献数
43

In recent years, so-called “Evolutionary Political Science” has drawn much attention from political scientists in the United States as well as in Europe. Little is known, however, about the overall framework of the approach, as it has been variously termed as “biopolitics”, “neuro-politics,” “evolutionary approach to political behavior” or “sociogenomics.” Scholars in this field share and emphasize human cognitive processes that have derived from an evolutionary perspective on human cognitive functioning and architecture. In light of the above, recent analyses on: (1) altruistic decision-making, (2) genetic influence on political behaviors, and (3) an “ultimate” approach to warfare are discussed in detail. In the process, I refer to important aspects of proximate vs. ultimate mechanism, nature vs. nurture, and general problem solver vs. “modular” architecture of the human brain -- arguments which are all closely connected with information processing mechanisms in the study of political science.
著者
Koichiro Kinugawa Naoki Sato Takayuki Inomata Moriyoshi Yasuda Yoshiyuki Shibasaki Toshiyuki Shimakawa
出版者
The Japanese Circulation Society
雑誌
Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.82, no.5, pp.1344-1350, 2018-04-25 (Released:2018-04-25)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
13 19

Background:It has been 7 years since tolvaptan was approved in Japan for the indication of heart failure in patients with volume overload; the drug can be used in patients with normonatremia. Hypernatremia was identified as a significant adverse event to be prevented.Methods and Results:We compiled and analyzed data from 3,349 patients over 5 years to identify patients at high risk of hypernatremia with tolvaptan treatment. The incidence of hypernatremia, defined as serum sodium ≥150 mEq/L, was 3.65%. Baseline serum sodium concentrations, serum potassium concentrations, blood urea nitrogen : creatinine ratio, initial tolvaptan dose, and age were identified as risk factors for hypernatremia. A hypernatremia risk score was developed using the odds ratios for these factors. The high-risk population was defined as patients with a risk score ≥17.80.Conclusions:To prevent the occurrence of hypernatremic events in patients taking tolvaptan, we recommend a very low starting dose (i.e., 3.75 mg/day) in patients identified as being at high risk of hypernatremia using our new scoring process.
著者
西本 昌司
出版者
一般社団法人 日本地質学会
雑誌
地質学雑誌 (ISSN:00167630)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.126, no.7, pp.343-353, 2020-07-15 (Released:2020-10-15)
参考文献数
33
被引用文献数
1 1

名古屋城の石垣に使われている膨大な量の石材は,どこからどのようにして調達されたのだろうか.詳しくは分かっていないとはいえ,地質学の目で見ればおおよその見当がつく.名古屋城の石垣の特徴は,石材の岩石種がバラエティに富んでいることであり,様々な場所から運ばれたことを示している.それは,名古屋城が全国の大名が動員された天下普請によって築城されたことを反映していると思われる.そこで,地質学的な視点から名古屋城の石垣を見学することで,岩石と人々との関わりを感じてもらいたい.合わせて,近代建築として重要文化財となっている名古屋市役所に使われている石材も見学する.
著者
徳田 和宏 石垣 賢和 竹林 崇
出版者
一般社団法人 日本作業療法士協会
雑誌
作業療法 (ISSN:02894920)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.6, pp.673-688, 2020-12-15 (Released:2020-12-15)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
2

要旨:上肢機能障害へのエビデンスの多くは,生活期を対象者とするものが多く,急性期においてもエビデンスレベルの高い研究が望まれるが,急性期の時期に比較試験を行うことは容易ではない.今回,脳卒中後上肢麻痺において,定期的な評価データを後方視的に抽出し傾向スコアの算出からデータプールを構築した.データプールの構築は,急性期において課題とされる対照群を設定することができ,本研究データを多くの施設が共有することで,既存の介入や新たな介入成果について検討できると考えられる.本データの使用例として,今回の対象期間に病棟実施型CI療法を実施した群を介入群とし,傾向スコアマッチングを行った.その結果についても検討したので報告する.
著者
土谷 尚嗣 西郷 甲矢人
出版者
日本認知科学会
雑誌
認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, no.4, pp.462-477, 2019-12-01 (Released:2020-03-01)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
1

One of the biggest mysteries in current science is how subjective experience, or consciousness, arises from objective substance and its physical interactions, such as human brains. Since 1990s, empirical and scientific studies on the relationship between consciousness and brain have advanced massively, especially thanks to neuroscientific approaches. Despite its empirical progress, there remains skeptical philosophers, cognitive scientists, and psychologists, who consider the science of consciousness is impossible,partly because the concept of consciousness is so difficult to define. Due to this difficulty, they argue, scholars who claim that they are empirically researching consciousness even do not know what they themselves are talking about. These skeptics hold that scientific methods cannot be applied to concepts that are not possible to define. In this article, we argue that consciousness is possible to rigorously define in a strict mathematical sense. To build this logic, we introduce category theory, which is a theory developed in mathematics in the latter half of the 20th century. Category theory is a framework originally invented to deal with relationships among objects, in particular between algebra and geometry. In recent years, category theory has been recognized for its potential to be applied to consciousness research. Throughout this paper, we propose several concrete examples of Consciousness Category and, eventually, we conclude that we can apply “Yoneda’s lemma” to Consciousness Category. Yoneda’s lemma, one of the most fundamental and powerful tools in category theory, says, in simple terms,that definitions of any concept is the same as descriptions of all relationships between the concept and the others. This striking viewpoint, which is founded mathematically,provides the validity to the act of defining consciousness through descriptions of relationships. We end with a future perspective; enriching Consciousness Category will provide a common language among researchers who disagree in some aspects of their respective definitions of consciousness. Common language is a necessary component for the big breakthrough to solve the mystery of consciousness.
著者
柿沼 陽平
出版者
東洋文庫
雑誌
東洋学報 = Toyo Gakuho (ISSN:03869067)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.104, no.2, pp.1-30, 2022-09-16

In ancient China, there was a long-standing emphasis on hairdressing and aversion to baldness of the head. The Classic of Filial Piety (Xiaojing 孝經) states that harming the body and cutting hair are “unfilial.” However, with the arrival of Buddhism, Buddhists who encouraged baldness and shaving emerged. How, then, did Buddhists encourage hair loss based on their doctrine? This paper aims to examine the Buddhist shaving advocacy during the Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties. The origins of the Indian Buddhist defense of shaving are long-established, especially in the Milinda Pañha. In China, the culture of shaving was introduced along with Buddhism. As early as the Three Kingdoms period, a Chinese translation of the Buddhist scriptures compiled in the Wu Kingdom explained the importance of shaving. Among the pseudo-sutras compiled independently in China, the Lihuolun 理惑論 was an early exponent of the importance of shaving hair for the Huaxia people. The Lihuolun, citing precedents from the Huaxia world, argued for the importance of shaving. This attempted to exploit contradictions in traditional Chinese culture, and the way of arguments was carried on by later generations. However, a different line of argument emerged in the later period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Buddhist shaving advocacy at the time was not monolithic, with individual Buddhist monks confronting shaving critics separately. Many of them intentionally quoted precedents from the Huaxia world in their defense of shaving, which was a characteristic of Buddhist shaving advocacy at the time. This is not to say that the criticism of Buddhist shaving disappeared. The Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou promoted the suppression of Buddhism. Although he accepted the study of Buddhism in the Tongdao Guan 通道觀 temple, he disapproved of shaving. Shi Dao’an 釋道安 opposed this, and Fan Pukuang 樊普曠 tried to persuade the Emperor Wu, but the situation did not change, and even the Emperor Tianyuan (Tianyuan huangdi 天元皇帝), who tried to revive Buddhism, disapproved of shaving. It was challenging to break the criticism of Buddhist shaving based on the Xiaojing during the Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties. Thus, with the insistence of Buddhists at the time on shaving their hair, we can see a point of conflict between traditional Chinese culture and Buddhist culture.
著者
鈴木 大慈
出版者
一般社団法人 日本統計学会
雑誌
日本統計学会誌 (ISSN:03895602)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.2, pp.229-256, 2021-03-05 (Released:2021-03-05)
参考文献数
63

本稿では深層学習がなぜうまくいくのかという疑問に答えるべくその統計理論を紹介する.特にその関数近似能力および推定能力に関して議論し,深層学習には対象の関数に合わせた適応的推定が可能であることを紹介する.そのため,深層学習の万能近似能力を紹介した後,Barronクラスや非等方的Besov空間における推定理論とミニマックス最適性を議論し,線形推定量と比べて次元の呪いを回避できることや関数の滑らかさの非一様性への適応性といった優れた性質を持っていることを紹介する.最後に,パラメータがサンプルサイズよりも多いニューラルネットワークがいかに汎化するかをカーネル法の観点から解析した汎化誤差理論を紹介する.