著者

徳永 浩司

出版者

日本脳神経外科コングレス

雑誌

脳神経外科ジャーナル (ISSN:0917950X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.10, pp.827-833, 2016 (Released:2016-10-25)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

2

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頚動脈狭窄症に対しては, 1990年代以降の大規模ランダム化試験によりCEAの有効性が確立され, その後CASが導入され, CEAとの比較試験が行われた. 現在も各試験の長期的追跡と, 最良内科的治療を含む新たな試験が進行中である. 実際の臨床現場では, 患者の年齢, 症候, 治療時期, 基礎疾患, 過灌流リスクなどの背景, および大動脈弓形状やプラーク性状, 対側閉塞などの解剖学的特徴と術者の技量を勘案して治療手段を選択している. 最近はMRI, CTA, エコーなどの頚動脈イメージングで脳卒中リスクを層別化する動きが盛んである. 本稿ではCEAかCASかの治療手段選択にあたって理解すべき, 上記の項目に関する知見について概説する.

著者

安場 保吉

出版者

日本経済学会

雑誌

季刊 理論経済学 (ISSN:0557109X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.74-74, 1975-04-25 (Released:2008-02-28)

著者

小嶋 太巳 掛谷 昌宏 齊藤 仁弘 松平 健一 坂口 節子 廣瀬 英晴 西山 實

出版者

一般社団法人日本歯科理工学会

雑誌

歯科材料・器械 (ISSN:02865858)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.5, 2005-09-05

被引用文献数

3

著者

山本 敦子

雑誌

全国大会講演論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, pp.112-113, 1990-09-04

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Prologは推論機能を特徴とする論理型言語である.Prolog言語を使ってシステムを構築しようとするとき,C言語のような手続き型言語のほうがより書きやすい処理が存在することがある.このような場合にProlog言語ではなくC言語を使う,すなわち個々の言語の特長を生かしてプログラミングすることでシステム全体の効率を高めることは非常に大切である.このような背景の下で,私達はProlog処理系に利用者が定義したC関数を組み込み述語として扱えるC言語静的連携機能を開発した.これは,述語論理の世界に関数の概念を取り入れた新しい機能である.(以降これをC言語連携と呼ぶ)本稿ではC言語連携の開発の背景,概要および実現方法について述べる.

著者

井原西鶴

出版者

森田庄太郎

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[1], 1688

著者

稲木 良昭

出版者

社団法人 有機合成化学協会

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.3, pp.188-202, 1993-03-01 (Released:2009-11-16)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

6 7

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Pyrimidine derivatives were found to be applicable to photoresists for microelectronics. This paper deals with synthesis and photochemistry of pyrimidine derivatives, and application to photoresists. Intermolecular photodimerization of pyrimidine bases in the side chains of various polymeric and dimeric compounds upon irradiation of UV light (270 nm) led to photocrosslinking of the polymer chains or photopolymerization of the dimeric compounds. These materials can be used as deep-UV negative type photoresists. On the other hand, the polymers containing thymine photodimers in the main chain underwent dissociation of the thymine photodimers upon irradiation to UV light (250 nm), leading to breakage of the polymer chains. These polymers could be used as positive type photoresists and high resolution (0.3μm) was demonstrated. Tautomerism of pyrimidine was also applied to a chemical amplification photoresist system. Polymers containing 2, 4-dialkoxypyrimidine derivatives that is an enol form of uracil were high sensitive deep-UV, and EB chemical amplification resists.

著者

片山 高嶺

出版者

日本乳酸菌学会

雑誌

日本乳酸菌学会誌 (ISSN:1343327X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.17-24, 2016-03-15 (Released:2017-04-26)

参考文献数

50

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ビフィズス菌はヒト腸内の常在菌であり、プロバイオティクスとして広く認知されている。母乳栄養児の腸管ではビフィズス菌優勢な腸内細菌叢が形成されることが古くから知られており、それには人乳に含まれるオリゴ糖成分が関与していると言われてきたが、その詳細を分子レベルで推考するほどの情報は全くなかった。我々の研究グループは 10 年ほど前に、ビフィズス菌がヒト由来の糖質に作用する特異的な酵素を有していることを発見し、そのことがきっかけでヒトとビフィズス菌の共生を考えるようになった。本総説では、その歴史的背景を踏まえながら、ビフィズス菌が有する母乳オリゴ糖分解酵素について紹介する。母乳オリゴ糖は、ヒトとビフィズス菌という分類学上の「界」を超えた生物同士を結びつけた共生因子といえる。

著者

上原 賢祐 森 浩二 齊藤 俊

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.849, pp.16-00473-16-00473, 2017 (Released:2017-05-25)

参考文献数

19

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A Peltier element is considered as a way to enable local temperature control and also has several advantages including rapid thermal response, no vibration and compactness. Therefore, a focal cooling device using a Peltier element for treatment is expected to apply to various parts of a living body. In the design of the device ensuring both the energy efficiency and therapeutic effect, it is necessary to understand the thermoelectric conversion characteristics of the Peltier element and the thermal conductivity of the attachment in the device, which should be designed in accordance with the cooling performance and size. Therefore, the investigation using a mathematical model is believed to play an important role in such case. The purposes of this study are to clarify the characteristics of the model parameters and to investigate whether performance evaluation of the device from its characteristics is possible. Model parameters were identified experimentally using three prototypes of different sizes and cooling abilities. From the result of the parameter identification, internal resistance and thermal conductance of the Peltier device are dependent on the cooling performance. The parameters representing the thermal conductance between each attachment in the device are strongly depend on the size. However, changes of these parameters were smaller than the size ratio of the device. Our results suggest that it can provide useful information to the designer.

著者

高井 寿文

出版者

地理科学学会

雑誌

地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.112-132, 2003-04-28 (Released:2017-04-15)

参考文献数

42

出版者

日経BP社

雑誌

日経ア-キテクチュア (ISSN:03850870)

巻号頁・発行日

no.746, pp.106-109, 2003-06-09

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5月のある土曜の夜、何気なくFMラジオを聴いていると、DJのジョン・カビラ氏が屋上緑化について語り始めた。番組は、近年の再開発や大型マンションで屋上緑化を施した建物が多いことを紹介し、「屋上緑化のすそ野が身近な所まで広がってきた」と結んだ。若者向けのラジオ番組でこうした特集が組まれること自体、「屋上緑化のすそ野の広がり」を感じさせる出来事だ。

著者

滑川 光裕 塩野 康徳 佐藤 章

出版者

The Visualization Society of Japan

雑誌

可視化情報学会誌 (ISSN:09164731)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.133, pp.26-30, 2014

被引用文献数

1

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ファジィグラフは、人間関係のようなファジィな情報を質的に分析することを可能とする。ファジィグラフのもつ特徴を明確にするためには、ファジィグラフの近似的な表現や、ファジィグラフの類似性や連結状態のような特徴の抽出が役に立つ。そのためには、ファジィグラフの構造に関する情報を可視化することが必要となる。また、解析には対象となるファジィグラフの構造に関する多種多様の情報を処理して、素早く、解析者に分り易く表示する表示する必要がある。 <br>  我々は、コンピュータを用いてファジィグラフを解析するシステムを開発している。そのシステムは、ファジィグラフを格子状の交点にノードを配置する図形化、分割樹形図、類似度別に分類されたクラスタや近似的なグラフの表現などを用いて、ファジィグラフの分析できる機能をもたせている。本稿では、この解析システム、さらにそれらを使用した事例研究を記述している。

著者

村尾 るみこ ムラオ ルミコ Rumiko Murao

雑誌

21世紀社会デザイン研究 : Rikkyo journal of social design studies

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.79-86, 2016

著者

郡 史郎

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.3, pp.41-56, 2004-12-31

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Differences between the typical pronunciation of Tokyo and that of Osaka were studied using "Kyonen Narano momizio Yumito mita," a sentence in which both varieties of Japanese have the same lexical tonal pattern. Twelve speakers from Tokyo and 12 from Osaka uttered the test sentence. The recordings were submitted to 36 listeners from Tokyo and 32 from Osaka to judge the speakers' provenience. A correlation analysis revealed that the utterances successfully recognized as Tokyo dialect by the Tokyo listeners have a shorter duration of [jo] in "kyonen" and of the first [a] in "Nara" and an irregular vibration of vocal cords at the end of the sentence, while those recognized as Osaka speech by the Osaka listeners have earlier F0 rise-falls and a less dynamic pitch movement.

著者

郡 史郎

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.3, pp.59-78, 2012-12-30

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In the Keihan-type accent system, which includes the Osaka dialect, the lexically specified pitch patterns (i.e., accents) of words are classified into the following two categories: high-beginning and low-beginning. During the pronunciation of isolated words, the low-beginning type has two characteristics, which are an initial low pitch, and a gradual pitch rise from the beginning to the accent nucleus. A number of researchers claim that the latter characteristic is more consistent and therefore more pertinent. This paper provides a detailed phonetic description of the behavior of this type of accent in various sentence conditions and argues the relative importance of the two characteristics. An acoustic analysis performed on 15 sets of sentences uttered by a total of 26 speakers revealed the following: An initial low pitch is a firm characteristic that does not easily disappear in a sentence context; A gradual rise may be acoustically flat or even slightly descendent in some conditions, but it is also a firm characteristic that distinguishes low-beginning words from high-beginning words. These results suggest that it is not legitimate to conclude that one of the two characteristics is more important.

著者

Shinzo Tsuda Yuko Fukui Noriko Nakamura Yukihisa Katsumoto Keiko Yonekura-Sakakibara Masako Fukuchi-Mizutani Kazuyuki Ohira Yukiko Ueyama Hideo Ohkawa Timothy A. Holton Takaaki Kusumi Yoshikazu Tanaka

出版者

日本植物細胞分子生物学会

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.5, pp.377-386, 2004 (Released:2005-06-03)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

35 76

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Petunia flower colors are mainly due to flavonoids. The flower color of commercial varieties of Petunia hybrida was successfully modified by the suppression of endogenous flavonoid biosynthetic genes, the expression of a hetelorogous flavonoid biosynthetic gene, and the combination of both. Flower color changed from purple to almost white or from purple to red by the suppression of the endogenous gene expression, from red to orange by the down-regulation of the flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase gene and the expression of the rose dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene, and from violet to pale violet by the expression of the flavonol synthase or flavone synthase gene. These results clearly indicate the usefulness of metabolic engineering of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway to modify flower color. Only a few of the transgenic petunia exhibited phenotypic stability. For commercialisation, it is necessary to generate many independent transgenic lines, select elite lines with stable phenotypes and maintain them in tissue culture.

著者

太田 昭男 坂口 広憲 坂本 徹 浅野 恭一

出版者

一般社団法人 電気学会

雑誌

電気学会論文誌A(基礎・材料・共通部門誌) (ISSN:03854205)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.123, no.7, pp.611-617, 2003 (Released:2003-10-01)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

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Using a scanning Hall-sensor microscope with an active area 25µm×25µm, we measured the magnetic field distributions due to spontaneous magnetization on flat surfaces of low carbon steel SM400B with a yield point of 326N/mm2 and a pulling strength of 469N/mm2 under a static condition of terrestrial magnetism. Referring to the stress-strain curve, we applied a uniaxial stress to the sample and increased the stress level following the pre-scheduled experimental run, while measuring the magnetic profiles both for the stress state and after its release. The magnetic profile in the elastic stress nearly agrees with that after the release, and also agrees with that for the virgin state. However, as the stress level increases beyond the yield point and gives the residual strain after the stress release, there appear marked changes only in the results after the release compared to the others, which are attributed to the occurrence of Lüders bands. The positions with such changes in the magnetic profile move along a length direction of the sample, with extension of the Lüders bands to the whole part. The study shows the possibility to obtain information on a degree of strain progress in steels using magnetic images and to open up a practical way for non-destructive testing.

著者

福村 知昭 長谷川 哲也

出版者

一般社団法人 日本物理学会

雑誌

日本物理学会誌 (ISSN:00290181)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.7, pp.519-524, 2000-07-05 (Released:2008-04-14)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

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巨大磁気抵抗を示すいろいろな強磁性体が最近見つかっている.その中でも,強磁性体トンネル接合の無限層構造を自然に有し巨大なトンネル磁気抵抗を示すLa1.4Sr1.6Mn2O7,高々5mol%のMn添加により約100Kという高温で強磁性を示す磁性半導体(Ga,Mn)Asは注目されている材料である.前者は異方性が強く温度変化の大きい磁性を示す点で,後者は強磁性の起源が未解決という点で,"異常な"強磁性体といえる.一般に強磁性体は微視的な磁気構造-磁区-を有しており,これは磁性体の種類に応じて様々な形態を持つ.我々は各種磁性体の磁区構造を観察するために,極低温から室温まで測定できる走査型ホール素子顕微鏡を開発した.ここでは走査型プローブ顕微鏡による磁区観察法を簡潔に述べ,磁気記録媒体の磁区・表面形状および上に述べた物質の磁区構造の観察結果を紹介する.

著者

東川 甲平 井上 昌睦 木須 隆暢

出版者

公益社団法人 低温工学・超電導学会 (旧 社団法人 低温工学協会)

雑誌

低温工学 (ISSN:03892441)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.9, pp.485-493, 2014-09-25 (Released:2014-10-24)

参考文献数

15

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This article reviews a method for characterizing the local critical current density (Jc) distribution in superconducting tapes and wires based on scanning Hall-probe microscopy (SHPM). This method is very powerful for (1) finding the bottleneck that limits the global performance of a superconductor, (2) investigating the local inhomogeneity that may become the origin of local quench, especially in HTS applications, (3) establishing the processes for narrow and/or multifilamentary HTS conductors for reducing the magnetization in magnet applications and the AC losses in power applications. The principle and the functions of this technique are introduced by referring to characterization examples of REBCO coated conductors and an MgB2 wire.

著者

福村 知昭 長谷川 哲也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.4, pp.233-238, 2002-04-10 (Released:2008-10-03)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1

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The existence of magnetic domain has been known for a long time, and its importance is further growing because of rapid storage density increase of recording media. Magnetic domain observations made it possible to derive the microscopic magnetic parameters such as the magnetic anisotropy and the domain wall energy connected with exchange interaction in addition to the size of magnetic domain. Among the various methods for observing the magnetic domain, scanning probe microscopes are powerful tools owing to the user-friendliness and the flexibility to sample specimen and measurement environment. These instruments enable us to evaluate three dimensional magnetic domain structure and to explore novel magnetic materials in a high throughput way. Here, we show the results obtained from the measurements of ferromagnetic semiconductors, Mn doped GaAs and Co doped TiO2 thin films, and a colossal magnetoresistive material, La1−xSrxMnO3 composition-spread film.

著者

Hisashi Yamada Shun Ito Daisuke Toshinari Keiko Kataoka Tsuyoshi Habu

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-097, (Released:2017-06-21)

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To apply the beneficial results obtained for potted citrus trees to field-grown ones, the effects of seawater application on soil electrical conductivity (EC), water relations, and fruit quality in field-grown satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcow.) trees were determined. In 2010, periodical applications of smaller amounts of half-strength-diluted (1/2X) or undiluted seawater (1X) delayed the reduction of leaf water potential to the objective level at 0.3 to 0.5 MPa lower than that in the control, resulting in an insignificant increase in soluble solids content (SSC). Thus, half of the total amount of 1X per area applied in 2010 was irrigated once or twice in September in 2012 and 2013. Soil EC in 1X markedly increased after just the first application at above 1.8 dS·m−1 and was kept at a significantly higher level than in the control until harvest, although it gradually decreased by leaching due to rainfall. Leaf water potential at predawn was reduced by 1X and the objective value was achieved from early-October and mid-September to harvest in 2012 and 2013, respectively. SSC was higher in 1X than the control throughout the experimental period and the difference between 1X and the control at harvest was 1.4 and 1.2°Brix in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Other fruit quality parameters including titratable acidity (TA) were not significantly affected by seawater irrigation in either year, except for fruit size which was slightly inhibited in 1X. No difference was observed in the leaf chlorophyll index and abscission between 1X and the control, although the Na content in the leaves was increased in 1X. These results suggest that application of relatively higher amounts of undiluted seawater in the early stage of maturation could induce moderate salt or water stress through the inhibition of water absorption by roots and improve fruit quality by increasing SSC without any visible leaf injury in field-grown satsuma mandarin trees.