著者

小渕 敦子 西村 拓 溝口 勝 井本 博美 宮崎 毅

出版者

公益社団法人 農業農村工学会

雑誌

農業農村工学会論文集 (ISSN:18822789)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.2, pp.137-143, 2009-04-25 (Released:2010-11-01)

参考文献数

15

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黒ボク土を用いて地表面燃焼下における土壌中の温度,体積含水率,炭素・窒素含有率の変化を測定した.土壌試料を内径15cmの素焼土管に充填し,地表面で炭を6時間燃焼した.燃焼中の地表面温度は600~700℃になった.湿った土では土壌温度は95~100℃まで上昇し,しばらく停滞し,その後再度上昇した.乾燥した豊浦砂では土壌温度の停滞はなく,連続的に,より急激に上昇した.このことから,温度の停滞は土壌水分蒸発に伴う潜熱消費によるものと考えられる.土壌温度が100℃を超える深さは燃焼時間の平方根に比例して深くなった.これは,燃焼開始時の初期体積含水率が大きいほど,地表面における燃焼の影響が及ぶ土層が浅くなることを示唆している. 電気炉を用いた燃焼試験では,500℃以上で土壌の炭素・窒素含有率はそれぞれ0.4, 0.1 g kg-1より小さくなった.一方,地表面を燃焼した土壌カラムにおいては,土壌温度上昇に伴って炭素・窒素含有率は低下したものの,土壌温度700℃においてもそれぞれ20, 1.0 g kg-1を超える,炭素,窒素含有率を示した.

著者

Yuko HIRAI Yoshiaki KODAMA Harry M. CULLINGS Chuzo MIYAZAWA Nori NAKAMURA

出版者

Journal of Radiation Research 編集委員会

雑誌

Journal of Radiation Research (ISSN:04493060)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1107140221-1107140221, (Released:2011-07-16)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

8

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The atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki led to two different types of radiation exposure; one was direct and brief and the other was indirect and persistent. The latter (so-called exposure to residual radiation) resulted from the presence of neutron activation products in the soil, or from fission products present in the fallout. Compared with the doses from direct exposures, estimations of individual doses from residual radiation have been much more complicated, and estimates vary widely among researchers. The present report bases its conclusions on radiation doses recorded in tooth enamel from survivors in Hiroshima. Those survivors were present at distances of about 3 km or greater from the hypocenter at the time of the explosion, and have DS02 estimated doses (direct exposure doses) of less than 5 mGy (and are regarded as control subjects). Individual doses were estimated by measuring CO2– radicals in tooth enamel with the electron spin resonance (ESR; or electron paramagnetic resonance, EPR) method. The results from 56 molars donated by 49 survivors provided estimated doses which vary from –200 mGy to 500 mGy, and the median dose was 17 mGy (25% and 75% quartiles are –54 mGy and 137 mGy, respectively) for the buccal parts and 13 mGy (25% and 75% quartiles: –49 mGy and 87 mGy, respectively) for the lingual parts of the molars. Three molars had ESR-estimated doses of 300 to 400 mGy for both the buccal and lingual parts, which indicates possible exposures to excess doses of penetrating radiation, although the origin of such radiation remains to be determined. The results did not support claims that a large fraction of distally-exposed survivors received large doses (e.g. 1 Gy) of external penetrating radiation resulting from residual radiation.

著者

高橋 和宏

出版者

一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2012, no.170, pp.170_46-170_60, 2012-10-25 (Released:2014-10-26)

参考文献数

62

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During the Ikeda administration (1960–1964), Japan’s index of import liberalization accelerated from 40% in 1960 to 93% in 1964, approximately same as in the European Economic Community countries. Such rapid liberalization, however, prompted severe anxiety among the Japanese, who feared their economy might be swallowed up by “black ships.” Focusing on actions of the Economic Affairs Bureau (EAB) in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the leadership of Prime Minister Ikeda Hayato, this article explores the rising of Japan’s economic nationalism, its underlying logic, and how Japan government restrained it. Under insistence from the U.S. government, Japan decided to liberalize its trade restrictions in 1960. Such overt foreign pressure, however, fueled economic nationalism among Japan’s governmental agencies. Believing trade liberalization was needed to not only meet U.S. demands to expand free trade and defend the dollar but also strengthen Japan’s economy, EAB urged Ikeda to take assertive action. Consequently, Ikeda expressed his determination to hasten the removal of trade restrictions when he visited the U.S. in 1961. Nonetheless, intense nationalism was inherent in the Japanese government, especially among its economic agencies. Although they considered trade liberalization necessary, they rejected its basic theory—the principle of comparative advantage—fearing that Japan’s infant heavy industries might be forced out, obliging Japan to specialize only in light industries. Hoping to avoid that outcome, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) introduced legislation titled “Temporary Measures for Promotion of Specific Industries” intended to create a new industrial structure and strengthen competitiveness of the Japanese heavy industry through public-private cooperation. However, this bill could not muster enough support for enactment because it emphasized regulation rather than free trade. Instead of trade regulations, Japan’s economic agencies regarded higher tariffs as the means to prevent acceleration of imports. In opposition, the U.S. and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) called for linear tariff cuts at the start of the Kennedy Round negotiations. MITI and the Ministry of Agriculture resisted drastic tariff cuts, but their insistence on protecting domestic industries was so self-serving that Japan was reproached during the GATT negotiations. It was Ikeda’s initiative that persuaded the intractable economic agencies and enabled Japan to participate affirmatively in the Kennedy Round negotiations. This article concludes that Ikeda’s leadership was essential to Japan’s overcoming of the forces of economic nationalism and liberalizing its trade policies. Ikeda believed that the Japanese economy would become more vigorous and competitive through trade liberalization.

著者

菅原 遼

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.10, pp.717-719, 2013-10-01 (Released:2014-10-09)

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本研究は,日本農芸化学会2013年度大会(開催地:東北大学)の「ジュニア農芸化学会」で発表された.東日本大震災で東京電力福島第一原発事故が起こって以来,放射性物質が人体および農水産物に及ぼす影響が問題となっている.特にキノコの放射性物質の取り込みが問題視されている.本研究では,市販のキノコを材料にしてキノコに含まれる微量金属を調べるとともに,それらの菌糸生長への影響を調べることで,土壌に含まれる放射性セシウムなどのキノコに対する影響を推察している.

著者

平野 勝也 森 孝宏 奥村 雄三 林 純 野村 秀幸 宮永 修 吉松 博信 石橋 大海 柏木 征三郎 稲葉 頌一

出版者

社団法人 日本感染症学会

雑誌

感染症学雑誌 (ISSN:03875911)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.4, pp.388-392, 1988-04-20 (Released:2011-09-07)

参考文献数

14

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27歳の健康な女性がB型肝炎ウイルスによる劇症肝炎を発症したが, 血漿交換を含む治療により救命し得た. 患者の過去3回の献血時の検査ではHBs抗原は陰性で, 輸血歴およびキャリアーの家族歴はないが, HBe抗原陽性のB型慢性肝炎患者の婚約者と発症2ヵ月前から親密な交際があったことから, 婚約者が感染源と考えられた.性行為に伴うB型急性肝炎の発症の報告はみられるが, 劇症肝炎の報告は稀であり, 将来も本例のような劇症肝炎の発症をみることが予想される. B型肝炎の予防対策の一環としてのキャリアーに対する教育上示唆に富む症例と思われたので報告する.

著者

Suminori Akiba

出版者

日本環境変異原学会

雑誌

Genes and Environment (ISSN:18807046)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.3, pp.80-87, 2013 (Released:2013-09-03)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

1 5

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Whether chronic exposure has an cancer risk per dose different from that of acute exposure is a topic of debate. This paper discusses the effect of dose rate on the strength of relationship between cancer risk and external exposure to low-LET (Linear Energy Transfer) ionizing radiation (such as X-rays and gamma rays), by reviewing important epidemiological studies. The study of atomic-bomb survivors, who had acute exposure mainly to low-LET ionizing radiation, has shown that the excess relative risk per gray (ERR/Gy) of leukemia increases in a linear-quadratic manner with an increase of radiation dose. The estimate of ERR/Gy for medium-high dose ranges was shown to be approximately two-fold larger than that for a low-dose range in the atomic-bomb survivor study. The estimate of ERR/Gy associated with acute exposure appears to be larger than those obtained from the studies of low-dose-rate exposure. On the other hand, the risk of solid cancer (or all cancers excluding leukemia) showed a linear dose-response relationship. Regarding the risk modification by dose rates, lower dose-rate exposure to high LET radiation is suspected to be associated with a larger risk. In the case of low-LET exposure, however, the cancer incidence study of residents in high natural background radiation areas of Karunagappally Taluk in Kerala State, India suggests that the ERR per dose for solid cancer after chronic radiation exposure is significantly lower than that associated with acute exposure such as that experienced by atomic-bomb survivors.

著者

藤井 孝藏

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.8, pp.531-538, 2014-11-01 (Released:2014-11-01)

参考文献数

3

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自らが発行する学術論文誌をより有意義なものにすることは多くの学会にとって共通の課題である。3万人を超える学会員を有する日本機械学会では,2007年に英文誌の再編を行ったが,わずか7年で,和文誌,英文誌を含めた大規模な再編を行うに至った。再編にかかわる議論は多くの学会に共通な事項を多数含んでいる。本稿は,再編に至る背景,学会内での議論の経緯,再編の考え方,再編後の姿などを記すもので,その一部でも他学会の参考になることを期待している。

著者

藤高 和信

出版者

一般社団法人 日本原子力学会

雑誌

日本原子力学会誌 (ISSN:00047120)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.10, pp.880-884, 1993-10-30 (Released:2010-04-19)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

中田 高

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.99, no.3, pp.289-298, 1990-06-25 (Released:2009-11-12)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

5 5

著者

中谷 博美 後藤 景子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本家政学会

雑誌

日本家政学会誌 (ISSN:09135227)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.10, pp.637-643, 2013 (Released:2014-10-23)

参考文献数

23

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Detergency of textiles by low-water laundering was assessed with a drum-type washing machine called a Wascator. An artificially soiled cotton fabric (Sentaku Kagaku Kyoukai) and three mechanical action fabrics (WAT cloth, Poka-Dot®306 and MA test piece) were attached to cotton ( 920×920 mm2 ) and polyester ( 200×200 mm2 ) load ballasts and then washed in aqueous alkaline detergent solution with a different bath ratio. The washing procedures used were normal, gentle and hand wash in accordance with ISO 6330. At the extremely low bath ratio of 1:3, both detergency, D, and the mechanical action value, ΔL*, decreased for all washing procedures. The magnitude and the deviation of D and ΔL* were dependent on the load ballasts used, indicating that soil removal was prevented and that uneven washing was promoted for large clothes. The relation between D and ΔL* for all experimental data was plotted on almost the same line in the high ΔL* region. In the low ΔL* region, the relation was dependent on the bath ratio, i.e. detergent bulk concentration. For low-water laundering, it was suggested that the detergency performance decreased as a result of the reductions of the mechanical action and detergent bulk concentration.

著者

柴田 優子 布施谷 節子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本家政学会

雑誌

日本家政学会誌 (ISSN:09135227)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.6, pp.297-307, 2014 (Released:2015-01-01)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

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Our goal is to identify clothing designs and safer and easier movement patterns for self-dressing. Twenty-four young women were asked to put on and take off pants of 3 different styles (straight leg pants, wide leg pants, and slim leg pants) using the following four support postures: standing with no support, leaning against a wall, sitting on a chair such that the feet do not touch the floor, and sitting on a chair with the feet touching the floor. We examined differences in body sway movements.   Putting on and taking off pants while standing forced the subject to stand on one leg while inserting the other leg into the pants and removing it, which caused the subject to lean considerably in the opposite direction to the leg being lifted. This step was considered to be the cause of swaying among elderly women when they put on and take off pants. This sideways swaying can be significantly decreased by having the subject sit during dressing, regardless of the height of the chair. In addition, swaying movements were greater for dressing in the standing position for slim leg pants than they were for the other styles due to the greater forward inclination that was required.

著者

丸山 眞男

出版者

Japanese Political Science Association

雑誌

日本政治學會年報政治學 (ISSN:05494192)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.189-206, 1950-10-20 (Released:2009-12-21)

著者

Mohammad Al Mamun Nahid Rumana Kumkum Pervin Muhammad Chanchal Azad Nahid Shahana Sohel Reza Choudhury M Mostafa Zaman Tanvir Chowdhury Turin

出版者

一般社団法人 日本動脈硬化学会

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.30445, (Released:2015-12-18)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

8

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As a result of an epidemiological transition from communicable to non-communicable diseases for last few decades, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are being considered as an important cause of mortality and morbidity in many developing countries including Bangladesh. Performing an extensive literature search, we compiled, summarized, and categorized the existing information about CVD mortality and morbidity among different clusters of Bangladeshi population. The present review reports that the burden of CVD in terms of mortality and morbidity is on the rise in Bangladesh. Despite a few non-communicable disease prevention and control programs currently running in Bangladesh, there is an urgent need for well-coordinated national intervention strategies and public health actions to minimize the CVD burden in Bangladesh. As the main challenge for CVD control in a developing country is unavailability of adequate epidemiological data related to various CVD events, the present review attempted to accumulate such data in the current context of Bangladesh. This may be of interest to all stakeholder groups working for CVD prevention and control across the country and globe.

著者

向本 敬洋 韓 一栄 大野 誠

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.3, pp.349-364, 2008-06-01 (Released:2008-08-13)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) of low intensity and slow-movement repetitive resistance exercise in moderately trained young men. Seven healthy trained young men (age=22±3 yr ; height=172.5±4.0 cm ; weight=69.5±8.3 kg ; VO2max=47.3±6.0 ml/kg/min) performed the following three exercise patterns on separate days : 1) high-intensity (80% one-repetition maximum : 1RM) and regular-movement repetitive exercise (1 second each of concentric and eccentric action, termed high and regular exercise (HRE) ; 2) low-intensity (50%1RM), regular-movement repetitive exercise (same movement speed as for HRE but termed low and regular exercise (LRE); and 3) low-intensity (50%1RM), slow-movement repetitive exercise (4 sec each of concentric and eccentric action, termed low and slow exercise (LSE). These three exercise patterns consisted of three sets of four exercises performed to maximum repetition. All subjects completed the three exercise sessions in a randomized and counterbalanced fashion. Oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) were continuously monitored during the exercise sessions and for 90 min afterwards. EPOC over 90 min was thus observed after completing the three exercise patterns. However, there were no significant differences in EPOC among the three exercise patterns. The results of this study suggest that low-intensity and slow-movement repetitive resistance exercise with maintaining muscular tension (LSE) is likely to increase EPOC to the same extent as HRE and LRE exercise patterns.

著者

保坂 泰藏

出版者

公益財団法人 日本醸造協会

雑誌

日本釀造協會雜誌 (ISSN:0369416X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.12, pp.54-58, 1932 (Released:2011-11-04)

著者

辻 澄子 藤原 香里 柿内 雅 柴田 正 内堀(長谷) 幸子 古山 みゆき 兼田 登 尾田 美子 藤原 一也 鈴木 宏 伊藤 誉志男

出版者

公益社団法人 日本食品衛生学会

雑誌

食品衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00156426)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.4, pp.303-313_1, 1993-08-05 (Released:2009-12-11)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1 1 3

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生鮮及び加工食品合計213種類 (864検体) について, 呈色陽性物質を除去して亜硫酸量 (SO2として) を算出する改良ランキン-比色法を用いて, 亜硫酸の天然由来含有量を測定した. 生鮮食品中の亜硫酸の天然由来含有量が多いものの大部分は含硫化合物を含有する食品であり, 10mg/kg以上含んでいるものはワケギ, 小玉ネギ, 白ネギ, 青ネギ, 玉ネギであった. それ以外のものは, いずれも5.0mg/kg以下であった. 加工食品中の亜硫酸の天然由来含有量は生鮮食品に比べて低く, すべて10mg/kg以下であった.

著者

小林 龍生

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.11, pp.802-809, 2013-02-01 (Released:2013-02-01)

被引用文献数

1

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“本”を“本”たらしめている根幹は,紙葉を一定の順序で並べて固定化する製本という行為にある。EPUBでは,spine情報がこの製本という行為に相当する。本稿では,製本という行為の果たした役割を “本”の歴史と読文行為(文書を読むこと一般)の中で相対化することにより,電子化ネットワーク化された文書一般と電子書籍の関係を考察し,将来の電子書籍の在り方についての1つの可能性を示す。

著者

添盛 晃久 小豆川 勝見 山形 武広 野川 憲夫 松尾 基之

出版者

一般社団法人日本地球化学会

雑誌

日本地球化学会年会要旨集 2012年度日本地球化学会第59回年会講演要旨集

巻号頁・発行日

pp.319, 2012 (Released:2012-09-01)

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福島第一原発事故に伴う影響のうち、海洋汚染の状況や収束見通しの解明に寄与するために、本研究では東京湾幕張沖を研究の対象とし、事故以前から現在まで我々のグループが継続的に同一地点で採取していた底質試料に対し、放射性セシウムの濃度変化を分析した。分析の結果、事故後時間が経過するにつれて濃度が増加していることが認められ、東京湾では河川による流入の影響が海流による拡散の影響よりも強く、放射性物質が蓄積しやすい環境になっていると考えた。また、深堀では平場よりも高濃度となる傾向も確認でき、深堀が一種のホットスポット的役割を果たしていることが示唆された。

著者

杉野 雅人 細田 正洋 古川 雅英 福士 政広 下 道國

出版者

公益社団法人 日本アイソトープ協会

雑誌

RADIOISOTOPES (ISSN:00338303)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.6, pp.315-320, 2007-06-15 (Released:2010-07-21)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1 4

著者

松田 時彦 岡田 篤正

出版者

日本第四紀学会

雑誌

第四紀研究 (ISSN:04182642)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.4, pp.188-199, 1968-12-20 (Released:2009-08-21)

参考文献数

79

被引用文献数

12 6 13

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The term “active fault (Katsu-danso)” appeared in the 1920's in papers of some geomorphologists in Japan. It has been used for faults active in Quaternary or late Quaternary, although the usage of the word “active” and its age-limit are different by authors. At any rate, the active fault is significant in geology in that the evidence of fault movements is recorded in the topography on the fault trace which enables detail analysis of the faulting, and in that the faulting might be detectable by means of geophysical methods, and it might be closely related to the occurrence of an earthquake. Recent studies in Japan showed that an active fault moves under a regionally-stressed condition of the crust, which has persisted during recent geologic time. If so, an “active fault” could be defined as a fault which is active under the present-day stress system. Then, the origin, orientation, and variation in time and space, of the “present” stress system are to be an important and fruitful research subject on the Tertiary to Quaternary tectonic history of the Japanese Islands. Some of the recent investigation on the active fault began to focus on this line.Studies of active faults in Japan have started from two points: the geological studies of the earthquake faults by geologists and the studies of the fault topography by geomorphologists.The geological studies of the earthquake fault was commenced by Koto, B. (1894) who had observed the surface break of the Mino-Owari earthquake of 1891 along the Neo Valley fault. Since then, geologists have investigated and described more than ten earthquake faults from Japan and Formosa. Particularly through the experiences of 1927- and 1930-earthquakes, it became clear that the mode of displacement along the earthquake fault during the earthquake is the same in the sense of displacement as the mode of the long-term displacement through the geologic periods. For example, Kuno, H. (1936) found that the Tanna fault which moved a few meters left-laterally during 1930 earthquake, has accumulated left-lateral displacement ca. 1000m since the middle Pleistocene.Almost independently of the geologists'works, geomorphologists had investigated the fault topography of Japan. By these studies, it had become clear before the War II that there are many fault scarps and fault valleys in this country, which have been produced probably by Quaternary faulting. Tsujimura, T. (1932) published a distribution map of topographically-recognized faults, in which 413 fault systems were registered.Recently, the geological and geomorphological studies have been jointly performed and the movement-history of some active faults in Quaternary time are clarified quantitatively (Table 1). It is also shown that many active faults hitherto considered to have only vertical displacement are strike-slip faults accompanied by lesser dip-slip components. The Atera fault (Sugimura & Matsuda, 1965), the Atotsugawa fault (Matsuda, 1966), and the Median Tectonic line (Kaneko, S., 1966; Okada, A., 1968), which was described recently, are examples.Some features of the active strike-slip faults described from Japan may be summerized as follows:A number of active faults or fault zones are present particularly in central Japan (the Chubu, Kinki, and Shikoku districts). They are, however, less than one hundred kilometers in length and a few kilometers in total displacement of the basement rocks, except for the Median Tectonic line (and probably the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic line).There is a marked regularity in the fault systems of the central Japan between the trend of faults and the sense of the displacement: the NW-trending faults are left-lateral, whereas the NE-trending faults are right-lateral. This implies that the earth's crust of the region is under the same stress system having the maximum (compressional) principal axis of approximate east-west.