著者
菅沼 聡
出版者
日本哲学会
雑誌
哲学 (ISSN:03873358)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2004, no.55, pp.179-192,28, 2004-04-01 (Released:2009-07-23)
参考文献数
39

Being a highly traditional question of metaphysics, the so-called “Ultimate Why-Question” still interests some contemporary philosophers. To ask this question amounts to asking where, if anywhere, “why-chains” can stop.Whereas the most traditional approach to the Ultimate Why-Question has been to try to answer it by “God”, i. e., “Necessary Existence/Being”; the most usual ap-proach in contemporary analytical philosophy has been to dismiss it as a nonsense pseudo-problem because it is “logically unanswerable”. I call the former tradition as a whole the “old tradition” and the latter the “new tradition”.In this article, I propose a “third alternative”, by suggesting that the Ultimate Why-Question is not necessarily unanswerable but can be answered by a kind of “Necessary Existence/Being”, which cannot be anything in particular at all (in-cluding even “God”) but only the “Absolute Totality of Reality”.The following three procedures would be required to make the above sugges-tions assertions:(1) to show whether the “Absolute Totality of Reality” exists at all, (2) to specify the necessary and sufficient conditions for something to be the “Nec-essary Existence/Being” that would stop all possible why-chains, (3) to decide whether only the “Absolute Totality of Reality” satisfies the above conditions.
著者
篠永 哲
出版者
The Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology
雑誌
衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.4, pp.263-269, 1965-12-30 (Released:2016-09-05)
被引用文献数
8 8

富士山において, 夏季のハエの垂直分布を調査した.調査は, 天候の最も安定している7月下旬を選び, 高度計を用いて海岸より標高500mごと, 3500mまでの間に8地点を選び, 各地点で馬肉を餌としたハエトリカゴを設置し, ハエを採集した.得られたハエは研究室で種類を同定し, 個体数を数えた結果, 4科, 19属, 35種, 2371個体であつた.その大多数はクロバエ科に属し, 約75%を占め, 調査地点では1500mが最も多く, それは, ホホグロオビキンバエの出現によるものである.2000m以上の高山地帯では, クロバエ科の3種, オオクロバエ, ミヤマクロバエ, ケブカクロバエが優位種で, 海岸(0m)では, 人家附近で発生するキンバエ族とニクバエ科のハエが多くみられた.これらのハエは, それぞれの種ごとに特有の分布域を有し, それは, 気温, 湿度などの気候条件と植物相, 発生源の有無など有機的, 無機的な環境条件に左右されると考えられる.しかし, 最大の条件は気温であるように思われる.採集されたハエの種および個体数などから見ると, 夏季のハエの垂直分布は, 次のごとく大体4つの分布帯が考えられる.1)0〜500m.2)500〜1500m.3)1500〜2500m.4)2500m以上.
著者
河合 俊彦 後藤 満雄 梅村 昌宏 湯浅 秀道 石井 興 内田 和雄 木下 基司 河合 幹
出版者
Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
雑誌
日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.41, no.11, pp.997-999, 1995-11-20 (Released:2011-07-25)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
1 1

A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate dry socket (alveolar osteitis) in 1146 patients who surgically underwent extraction of impacted third molars. Dry socket occurred at a total rate of 5.4%; 27 cases occurred in males and 35 in females. There were no sexual differences. The prevalence of dry socket was highest: patients 40 years of age or over, followed by those from 30 to less than 40, 20 to less than 30, and under 20 years old.
著者
内田 良
出版者
日本教育社会学会
雑誌
教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.76, pp.129-148, 2005-05-30 (Released:2011-03-18)
参考文献数
24

The aim of this study is, through a secondary analysis of the number of child abuse reports filed with children's welfare centers, to examine activities to prevent child abuse in Japan. The number of cases of child abuse, filed in 47 prefectures and 12 ordinance-designed major cities, can be analyzed by focusing on the regional differences among them.Adopting the perspective of social constructionism, this study regards the number of child abuse reports as a rate of discovery rather than incidence, and analyzes the differences between urban areas and rural ones through some variables. The main findings can be summarized as follows.(1) Especially since the latter half of the 1990s, urban areas have been carrying out activities to prevent child abuse (in this study, termed “child abuse discovery activities”), and all areas have been converging on an average discovery rate.(2) In urban areas, new types of child abuse (sexual abuse, emotional/psychological maltreatment, and neglect) were discovered a few years later than physical maltreatment. In 2001, the first whole year when child abuse prevention law was put into force, all types of maltreatment were discovered relatively higher in urban areas.(3) Neighbors, acquaintances/friends and medical facilities have been discovering child maltreatment in urban areas significantly and particularly in 2001 most urban public organizations have higher rate significantly.In Japan, child abuse is often discussed in the context of contemporary and urban ways of life, such as “the weakening of local bonds and blood relationships, ” “increase in nuclear families” and “psychological troubles arising in the course of growth and development.” However, as stated above, since the latter half of 1990s, urban areas have been the forerunners of child abuse prevention activities in Japan. Therefore, the way of life in urban areas cannot be identified as a causal factor of child abuse. Rather, the great interest that urban people, medical facilities and public organizations have in child abuse is behind the incidence of “abuse” in urban areas.
著者
橋本 都子 上野 佳奈子 倉斗 綾子 赤松 佳珠子
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.74, no.645, pp.2347-2355, 2009-11-30 (Released:2010-04-01)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
5 4

This study investigated the evaluation of ‘impression’ and sound environment for open plan type classrooms by elementary school children and teachers. From the results, it has been found that the children and teachers have good impressions for open-plan type classrooms. From evaluation of teachers, there was indication that an area around a desk of a child was narrow. From the evaluation of children, we understand that good ventilation, moderate brightness, sufficient space and adequate room temperature were important elements for classroom environment. In cases of schools, which were designed in consideration for acoustical environmental benefit, there were no effective evaluation given by children even though the acoustic characteristics improved. The challenge for the future design of open-plan classroom in elementary school is the realization of open-plan spaces with visual connections that retain the good impressions with high level of acoustic environment.
著者
森 雅裕 長山 博幸 斉藤 由佳
出版者
宇宙太陽発電学会
雑誌
宇宙太陽発電 (ISSN:24321060)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1, pp.1-7, 2016-04-01 (Released:2018-04-05)
参考文献数
4

宇宙太陽発電システム(SSPS)の開発を大きく前進させるために, 今なすべきことは何か. 世界のフロントランナー型プロジェクトの成功事例から, ビジョン及びイノベーションの重要性とプロジェクトを成功に導くクライテリアについて分析を行い, SSPSに期待されるビジョン(政策), 商用SSPSに求められる技術とコストを整理し, SSPSの開発の考え方や検討結果, SSPSの開発に向けての問題提起と考えるヒント等を紹介する.
著者
内田 浩二 齊藤 弘順 立石 又二
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 B編 (ISSN:03875016)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.71, no.712, pp.3076-3081, 2005-12-25 (Released:2011-03-03)
参考文献数
11

This paper revealed the reason of poor self-ignition quality of alcohol spray from the viewpoint of mixture formation considering fuel properties. Ignition characteristics of Ethanol and Diethyl Ether blended fuels were experimentally investigated with changing their blend ratio in order to clear the effects of fuel's physical and thermal properties on ignition. Experimental results and prediction of mixture formation of blended fuels showed that stoichiometric air/fuel ratio (Lth) and latent heat for vaporization (γ) were main parameters on ignition. Alcohol spray becomes lean situation faster than conventional diesel fuel such as Gas oil due to their smaller Lth. On the contrary, temperature rise of alcohol spray up to ignition point is slower than Gas oil caused by their larger γ.This causes poor self-ignition quality of alcohol spray. Namely, it is difficult for an alcohol spray to be a mixture of suitable mixing ratio and temperature for self-ignition at the same time and place.
著者
斉藤 嘉一
出版者
日本マーケティング学会
雑誌
マーケティングジャーナル (ISSN:03897265)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.4, pp.33-43, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-03-31)
参考文献数
32

Amazon.comやTripAdvisorなど多くのクチコミサイトには,helpfulボタン(役に立ったボタン)が設置されており,読者はhelpfulボタンを押すことでレビューが役に立ったことを表明することができる。レビュー有用性,すなわち,レビューが獲得するhelpfulの数,あるいは割合がどんなレビュー特性,発信者特性,製品特性によって影響されるかは,マーケティンングと消費者行動,および情報システムの両方の領域において盛んに検討されてきた。本研究は,レビュー有用性の影響要因について,ナラティブレビュー(質的なレビュー)とメタ分析(量的なレビュー)を行った。その結果,テキストの長さと投稿者の写真の開示は,レビュー有用性とプラスの関係にあることが示された。一方,評価得点(星の数),および投稿者の名前や住所の開示と,レビュー有用性との関係については,既存研究において得られた実証結果は一貫したものではなかった。これらの一貫しない結果を整合的に説明するために,受信者のhelpful意思決定を検討することを提案した。
著者
井上 敬子 高山 幹子 石井 哲夫
出版者
THE JAPAN OTOLOGICAL SOCIETY
雑誌
Ear Research Japan (ISSN:02889781)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.1, pp.83-85, 1988 (Released:2011-08-11)
参考文献数
2

The tympanic membrane of frog is exposed directoly to the external environment. It is almost round in shape, and is thickened in the central part. Circumferential part is thinner than central part. The tympanic mebrane was uniformly spread along the outer edge of the annular cartilage, and no pars flaccida was observed. Fibrous tissue of the lamina propria consist of radial collagen fiber. The tip of the columella consists of cartilage, loosely adhered to the dorsal surfase of the center of tympanic membrane. Along the columella, there was a loose, wrinkly connective tissue between the tympanic membrane and columella, that is the archetype of malleus handle. The annular cartillage was considered to be the original form of the external auditory canal.
著者
小池 卓二
出版者
日本比較生理生化学会
雑誌
比較生理生化学 (ISSN:09163786)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.3, pp.122-125, 2007 (Released:2007-12-10)
参考文献数
16

空気の疎密波である音は,鼓膜で機械的振動に変換され,耳小骨を経て,蝸牛内リンパ液へと伝達される。蝸牛内ではリンパ液を介して感覚細胞が刺激され,そこで機械振動は電気信号へと変換され,聴神経を介して脳に伝達される。この様な振動の伝達・変換プロセスを経てヒトは音を認識している。これまで,聴覚機能の解明のために,鼓膜や耳小骨,蝸牛内基底板等の振動挙動の直接観察が試みられてきた。しかし,聴覚器は側頭骨と呼ばれる硬い骨に覆われた観測し難い位置に存在し,振幅も微細であるため,その振動挙動を生理的状態で計測することが極めて困難であり,測定可能部位も限定されるため,未だに不明な点が多い。そこで本稿では,中耳および蝸牛の三次元有限要素モデルを作成し,空気中を伝播してきた音波が体内の振動に変換される過程を解析した。その結果,中耳は振動モード変化を伴いながら1kHzを中心とした穏やかなバンドパスフィルタ特性を示し,蝸牛はその内部構造により,周波数解析を行っている事が確認された。
著者
鈴木 郁海 根岸 信太郎 池上 貴志
出版者
一般社団法人 電気学会
雑誌
電気学会論文誌B(電力・エネルギー部門誌) (ISSN:03854213)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.140, no.6, pp.521-530, 2020-06-01 (Released:2020-06-01)
参考文献数
18

It is expected to promote the introduction of renewable energy (RE), such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind power (WP), from the view points of carbon dioxide reduction and diversification of energy sources. However, as the introduction of RE into the conventional power grid, output curtailment of RE will increase due to supply and demand balance constraints. In this study, we have developed a model and data which enable long-term power supply and demand analysis based on some scenarios. Using this model and data, we analyzed the transition of the amount of RE generation and the amount of RE curtailment per installed capacity. As a result, the change in the facility utilization rate of PV and WP is clarified quantitatively based on the influence of RE curtailment. The amount of PV curtailment was significantly increased in Kyushu and Tohoku area, where RE is particularly widespread. The results of this paper can be used to evaluate how and when it is necessary to take measures such as the introduction of storage batteries.
著者
河野 えみ子 泉 伯枝 安永 浩子 中村 奈緒美 松本 絵麻 奥山 悦子 新崎 孝夫 三箇山 宏樹 岡村 昇
出版者
日本静脈経腸栄養学会
雑誌
静脈経腸栄養 (ISSN:13444980)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.2, pp.739-745, 2012 (Released:2012-05-10)
参考文献数
6

【目的】既報で, 輸液にインスリンを配合した際, pHが高くなるにしたがいブドウ糖やアミノ酸がインスリンの含量低下を起こすことを報告した. 今回, 末梢静脈栄養 (PPN) 輸液や糖加維持液に配合したインスリンの経時的な含量変化を調べ, 含量低下の要因について検討した.【方法】各種のPPN輸液, 糖加維持液にインスリンを配合し, HPLC法にてインスリン含量を経時的に測定した.【結果】PPN輸液中のインスリンの安定性は, 濃度が低いと容器への吸着が, 高いと分解が, それぞれ含量低下の主な要因であった. PPN輸液や糖加維持液でのインスリン含量の低下に製剤間の差は認められなかった. また, 糖加維持液においては輸液のpHが高くなるとインスリンの含量低下はより大きくなった.【結論】PPN輸液や糖加維持液にインスリンを配合した場合, 経時的な含量低下が起きるため, これらに直接配合しない投与方法を選択するべきである.
著者
柴田 義一
出版者
日本出版学会
雑誌
出版研究 (ISSN:03853659)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, pp.137-153, 2000-03-20 (Released:2020-03-31)

In this thesis, I would like to take up the subject of translation teaching, mainly English to Japanese translation. One question comes into mind: Can translators be trained? If so, how? A great deal of effort has been devoted so far towards teaching translation at universities, private translation schools, through mentor guidance, and by publishers needing translators good enough to translate works for publication. How do they teach translation? What problems are there with such methods? Are there any specific factors determining success or failure? How are translators trained overseas (particularly at universities)?While looking closely at these particular issues, the author will describe in detail his own teaching method which he devised over three years for his private translation class (juku) and the results he has achieved. In addition, he will present an overview of the way translators are trained in areas other than translation for publication, and will broadly explore the possibilities of translation teaching.
著者
丸山 淳一 松原 崇充 Joshua G. Hale 森本 淳
出版者
一般社団法人 日本ロボット学会
雑誌
日本ロボット学会誌 (ISSN:02891824)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.5, pp.527-537, 2009 (Released:2011-11-15)
参考文献数
25
被引用文献数
3 3

This paper presents a method to learn stepping motions for fall avoidance by reinforcement learning. In order to overcome the curse of dimensionality associated with the large number of degrees of freedom with a humanoid robot, we consider learning on a reduced dimension state space based on a simplified inverted pendulum model. The proposed method is applied to a humanoid robot in numerical simulations, and simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method as a mean to acquire appropriate stepping motions in order to avoid falling due to external perturbations.