著者

安部 淳一

出版者

The Japanese Society of Applied Glycoscience

雑誌

澱粉科学 (ISSN:00215406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.51-57, 1989-03-31 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

20

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(1) One form and three forms (GI, GII, and GIII) of glucoamylases were purified from crude commercial preparation of Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus delemar, respectively, to be homogenous on disc- and SDS-gel electrophoresis and free from a-amylase and phosphatase. Neither purified glucoamylase from A. niger nor R. delemar could completely hydrolyze various kinds of starches because of the presence of phosphate esters attached to C-3 or C-6 of glucosyl residue, and left a limit-dextrin of large-molecular weight. The concomitant actions of a-amylase and phosphatase with the glucoamylases were found to be necessary for complete hydrolysis of these starches. (2) R. delemar GIII was suggested to have a specific affinity site, "starch-binding site, " for high-molecular-weight substrates from the results of kinetic study and modification with chymotrypsin. GI and GII were suggested to be derived from GIII by the post-secretional modification. (3) Aspergillus sp. K-27 produced the enzyme (s) which degraded well the raw starches. Glucoamylase and a-amylase were separated and purified from the culture filtrate of the fungus. The former seemed to have the "starch-binding site, " based on the results of partial proteolysis and kinetic studies. The latter showed low activity on raw starches but synergistically enhanced the degradation of starch granules with glucoamylase. The removal of the starch-binding site from glucoamylase reduced the ability of raw-starch degradation and abolished the synergistic effect with a-amylase. These results suggested that the starch-binding site plays an importantrole in raw-starch hydrolysis.

著者

竹下 秀子

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.19-29, 2013 (Released:2013-07-31)

参考文献数

47

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I first discuss the developmental and evolutionary implications of the temporal reorganization of individual development in human infants, which have resulted in unique human characteristics during early development and child rearing, for example, (1) the large size of neonates, (2) “trade-off” in mother-infant interaction, (3) self-contact behaviors, (4) various manipulations of objects, and (5) emergence of “childhood” and caregiving by multiple caregivers. I also discuss the results of our recent study on human and chimpanzee fetuses by using three-dimensional ultrasonography; this study showed that the growth velocity of the brain volumes of chimpanzee fetuses does not accelerate during late pregnancy, whereas that of human fetuses does accelerate through late pregnancy. Additional analysis and findings show that the timing of cessation in the increase of growth velocity of brain volume among species is crucial to clarify how much earlier infants are born and how retarded is the development of their postural reactions. Previously accumulated data suggest that further verification of temporally modified growth and development among species will help understand the effect of individual development on the evolution of human behavior.

著者

森田 久美子 堀向 健太 近藤 麻伊 伊藤 雅美 新関 寛徳 佐合 治彦 大矢 幸弘 斎藤 博久

出版者

一般社団法人 日本アレルギー学会

雑誌

アレルギー (ISSN:00214884)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.3-4, pp.507, 2014-04-05 (Released:2017-02-10)

著者

加藤 弘祐 森嶋 輝也

出版者

日本フードシステム学会

雑誌

フードシステム研究 (ISSN:13410296)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.4, pp.313-318, 2020 (Released:2020-04-10)

参考文献数

17

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Currently, in Japan, population aging is increasing and the medical expenses are exerting pressure on people’s finances. For improving public health and reducing medical expenses, promoting the use of food with health claims is important. However, consumer’s perceptions of food with health claims are vague. Thus, for clarifying the perceptions of these claims, we apply two methods-network analysis and sentiment analysis̠-in this paper. According to the analysis results, some consumers could not recognize the correct usage. Therefore, it is necessary to spread awareness regarding the correct intake method. Moreover, as the results suggest, Food for specified health uses most likely has a pioneer advantage against Foods with function claims and food with nutrient function claims.

著者

堀田 龍也

出版者

日本教育情報学会

雑誌

教育情報研究 (ISSN:09126732)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.3, pp.3-14, 2020 (Released:2020-05-31)

参考文献数

26

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我が国の政府は,Society5.0(超スマート社会の実現)を目指し,少子高齢化を始めとする諸課題の解決にIoTやAIなどのテクノロジーの積極的な活用を位置づけている.このような社会に対応できる人材の育成が初等中等教育に期待され,学習指導要領においても情報活用能力の重点化を始めとする改善が進んでいる.しかしながらこれまでは,学校現場では情報化そのものが十分に進んでおらず,学習におけるICTの活用において国際的な遅れが指摘されている.本稿では,学校のICT環境整備の2020年前半現在の動向として,①GIGAスクール構想の推進,②PISA2018に見る読解力の低下,③小学校プログラミング教育の全面実施を取り上げ,学校現場における課題を共有し,実践的な解決に向かうための教育情報研究について本学会への期待を含めて議論する.

著者

沼田 泰子 首藤 文榮 野村 直之 千葉 晶彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.2, pp.142-145, 2006 (Released:2006-02-24)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

2 1

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We evaluated the biocompatibility of cobalt-29 chromium-6 molybdenum alloy by analyzing disorders of the membranes of cells of the murine fibroblast L929 line. L929 cells were incubated with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C for 7 days in Eagle's minimum essential medium in the presence of either an extract of this alloy, or titanium extract, or vanadium ions. No morphological changes in the cells were observed in medium containing cobalt-29 chromium-6 molybdenum alloy extract or titanium extract, but a remarkable change was observed in the medium containing vanadium ion as a positive control. From the enzyme activity of the culture supernatant we determined the amount of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) that leaked through the cell membranes. The amount that leaked from cells incubated in the presence of either of the metal extracts or vanadium ion decreased on day 1 and then increased with incubation time from day 2 onward. There was only a small increase in leakage in the media containing the metal extracts but a marked increase in the medium containing vanadium ion. These results indicate that the cell membrane remained nearly unaffected by Co-29Cr-6Mo alloy.

著者

泰山 裕 堀田 龍也

出版者

日本教育工学会

雑誌

日本教育工学会論文誌 (ISSN:13498290)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.44070, (Released:2020-12-21)

参考文献数

22

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平成29・30年改訂学習指導要領において,情報活用能力は学習の基盤となる資質・能力と位置付けられ,教科等横断的な育成が求められている.しかし,各教科等の学習活動を通して指導可能な情報活用能力やその各教科等相互の関連は十分に整理されていない.本研究では,文部科学省による情報活用能力のIE-School体系表をもとに小学校,中学校,高等学校の各教科等の学習指導要領本文を分析した.分析の結果,各教科等にはIE-School体系表で整理された情報活用能力の項目のうち「問題解決・探究における情報活用の方法の理解」が多く求められているのに対して,操作技能や情報メディアの特徴,情報モラル等の知識及び技能,態度などは,各教科等の学習と対応づく数が少ないことが明らかになった.また,各教科等の学習活動を通して指導可能な情報活用能力とそれらの各教科等相互の関連が明らかになった.

著者

杉田 有治 光武 亜代理 岡本 祐幸

出版者

一般社団法人 日本物理学会

雑誌

日本物理学会誌 (ISSN:00290181)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.8, pp.591-599, 2001-08-05 (Released:2008-04-14)

参考文献数

61

被引用文献数

2

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タンパク質などの多自由度の系では,エネルギー極小状態が無数に存在するため,従来の手法による計算機シミュレーションでは,それらのエネルギー極小状態に留まってしまうという難点がある.筆者らはこの困難を克服する手法として,拡張アンサンブル法の適用を主張してきた.この方法は非ボルツマン因子に基づいており,ポテンシャルエネルギー空問上の一次元酔歩を実現することにより,エネルギー極小状態に留まるのを避ける.本稿では,よく知られている三つの拡張アンサンブル法(マルチカノニカル法,焼き戻し法,及びレプリカ交換法)とその改良版について解説し,それらのタンパク質の折り畳み問題における適用例を紹介する.

著者

古宮 伸洋

出版者

日本ウイルス学会

雑誌

ウイルス (ISSN:00426857)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.1, pp.47-52, 2016-06-25 (Released:2017-05-09)

参考文献数

21

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西アフリカで甚大な被害をもたらしたエボラウイルス病(Ebola Virus Disease: EVD)流行は対策強化の成果として現在のところほぼ終息している. EVDに関する新たな知見が多く得られた一方で,不明な部分も多く残されている.エボラウイルスが患者体内に長期間存在し感染源になりうることが示されたがその機序は不明である.治療においては画期的な治療方法はなく,古典的な支持療法が基本となることに変わりはない.新しく開発されたワクチンは曝露後接種であっても高い有効性を示した.検査では迅速診断キットの開発が進められている. 現地では「患者発生ゼロの継続」を目標として,患者発生時の早期探知及び対応,医療施設における基本的な感染対策の強化が進められている.落ち着いた状況になりつつあるが,エボラ生還者(Ebola survivor)が偏見や後遺症に悩まされている状況は続いている. 流行によって医療,経済や教育に至るまで社会全体がダメージを受けており,流行再燃のリスクも依然として存在している.保健医療システムを包括的に強固にすることがEVDを含めた様々な感染症の流行への備えとして望まれる.

著者

平岩 俊司

出版者

一般財団法人 アジア政経学会

雑誌

アジア研究 (ISSN:00449237)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.3, pp.25-42, 2007-07-31 (Released:2014-09-30)

参考文献数

14

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In October 2006, North Korea went ahead with nuclear tests in spite of international opposition.The international community had made every effort to stop North Korea from possessing nuclear weapons, but these efforts ended in failure. This study seeks to look at the measures the international community had been taking to control North Korea’s nuclear program, analyze why the measures could not work effectively, and examine future problems in controlling North Korean nuclear activity.The first North Korean nuclear crisis took place in the early 1990s, and ended when the United States and North Korea signed a bilateral Agreed Framework following their negotiations in1994. North Korea agreed to abandon its original nuclear development program on the condition that the world community provided light-water reactors, which were considered to be relatively difficult to divert to military use. The Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization(KEDO) was formed with Japan, the United States and South Korea as the primary members to implement the supply of light-water reactors. These efforts paved the way for the rest of the world to control North Korea’s nuclear activities. In 2002, however, the second nuclear crisis occurred. North Korea made it known that it was proceeding with a program to produce highly enriched uranium. Subsequently, the international community launched six-party talks involving North Korea, South Korea, the United States, Japan, China and Russia, with the intention of preventing North Korea from obtaining nuclear weapons. In October 2006, North Korea conducted nuclear tests in the face of worldwide opposition. The global society failed to stop North Korea’s nuclear activities.International efforts were not sufficient to deal with the first nuclear crisis, although North Korea’s nuclear activities were controlled to a certain extent via the agreement with the United States. North Korea’s nuclear ambitions are intended to counter US threats. If the US–North Korean agreement had not been reached, North Korea’s nuclear activities would not have been controlled within any framework. The current ongoing six-party talks will not produce dramatic results unless bilateral negotiations between the United States and North Korea make remarkable progress. The six-party talks have the possibility of acting as an essential framework to maintain East Asian security, as well as managing North Korean nuclear issues. However, the immediate problem is controlling North Korea’s nuclear ambitions. Given this situation, the six-party talks will function only when the bilateral framework between the United States and North Korea works. Once this development has taken place, the six-party talks will then be able to function as a broader framework for further negotiation.

著者

山崎 秀夫

出版者

公益社団法人 計測自動制御学会

雑誌

計測と制御 (ISSN:04534662)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.6, pp.505-510, 2014-06-10 (Released:2017-03-18)

参考文献数

37

著者

Jun TAMURA Norihiko OYAMA So MATSUMOTO Ryo OWAKI Kenji HOSOYA Masahiro OKUMURA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0446, (Released:2020-12-29)

被引用文献数

2

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Difficulty in airway management during anesthesia was noted in a 10-year-old, castrated, male Pekingese dog and a 13-year-old male French Bulldog. They showed strong resistance during tracheal tube insertion through the subglottic lumen. Therefore, the airway was secured by using a small endotracheal tube or supraglottic airway device. Computed tomography scan revealed a markedly narrower vertical dimension of the cricoid cartilage compared to that seen in common brachycephalic breeds. Posterior glottis was relatively more accessible for translaryngeal intubation in the present cases. Our findings showed that brachycephalic airway syndrome may be associated with narrow cricoid cartilage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical case report of airway management during anesthesia in dogs with narrow cricoid cartilage.

著者

戸田 智基

出版者

一般社団法人 日本音響学会

雑誌

日本音響学会誌 (ISSN:03694232)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.6, pp.324-331, 2016 (Released:2017-07-01)

参考文献数

33

著者

古屋 晋一

出版者

日本神経回路学会

雑誌

日本神経回路学会誌 (ISSN:1340766X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1-2, pp.10-14, 2019-06-05 (Released:2019-09-30)

参考文献数

26

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音楽演奏に見られる巧緻な運動は,幼少期からの訓練によって獲得される技能である.しかし,膨大な訓練を経てもなお,演奏技能の個人差は大きく,さらには訓練の過程で局所性ジストニア等の脳神経疾患を発症し,技能を喪失することも少なくない.そのため,熟達支援と故障予防の両方の観点から,訓練の量よりも質,すなわち適切な訓練とその機序の理解が求められる.本稿は,脳神経系が筋骨格系の持つ多数の自由度(筋や関節)を協調して制御する仕組みに着眼を置き,このような身体運動の協調構造が演奏技能の洗練や喪失に伴い,どのように変化するのか,さらには協調構造の変容が演奏技能とどのように関わっているかについて,神経生理学実験と数理手法を組み合わせた近年の研究成果を中心に概説する.

著者

Qian Li Hongzhou Lu

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020.03445, (Released:2020-12-25)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

15

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The ongoing outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised a grave concern and a severe global health burden. Since no effective drugs have been approved for satisfactory prevention and treatment, the development of COVID-19 vaccines has attracted global attention. To date, a large number of COVID-19 vaccines are being rapidly developed worldwide, with thirteen candidates in Phase 3 trials, 52 tested in clinical trials, and 162 in preclinical evaluation. Here, we summarize the latest progress of all 13 COVID-19 vaccines in Phase 3 trails. Furthermore, some vaccines have received approval or emergency use approvals. We focus on the potential issues related to vaccination including vaccine acceptance, vaccine promotion, and vaccine distribution.

著者

松田 敏生 矢野 俊博 丸山 晶弘 熊谷 英彦

出版者

Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology

雑誌

日本食品工業学会誌 (ISSN:00290394)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.10, pp.687-701, 1994-10-15 (Released:2011-02-17)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

27 37

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各種の有機酸の最小発育阻止濃度を,細菌15株,酵母6株,カビ2株に対して, pHを4.0より0.5刻みで, 7.0まで変化させた培地上で測定した.(1) ギ酸,酢酸,プロピオン酸は良く似た作用を示し,pHが低下すると,抗菌作用も増大した.しかし,乳酸菌に対しては,ギ酸の作用が強く,逆に酵母とカビに対してはギ酸は他の二者と比べて劣った.(2) ソルビン酸の作用は脂肪酸系の有機酸では,酵母に対して細菌に対するよりも強い作用を示す点で特徴的であった.(3) 乳酸は,非常に特徴的な作用を示し,乳酸菌に対しては,すでての菌株を3.0%もくしはそれ以下の濃度で発育を阻止した.しかもその作用は, pHの変化の影響を少ししか受けなかった.しかし,カビと酵母に対しては,乳酸は効果がなかった.(4) リンゴ酸,酒石酸,グルコン酸は強い発育阻止作用を示さなかったが,クエン酸のみが特に乳酸菌の一部に対して阻止作用を示した.(5)アジピン酸は, pHが低いと非常に強い作用を示したが, pH 6.0以上では,ほとんど発育阻止作用が認められず,作用に対するpHの影響が最も強かった.また酵母とカビにはほとんど阻止作用が認められなかった.これより有機酸の抗菌作用は,それぞれの酸に固有の作用があり,作用の発現に当って解離定数の値や,疎水性などに影響されるものと考えられた.

著者

平木 昭光 窪田 泰孝 堀之内 康文 竹之下 康治 山城 崇裕 白砂 兼光

出版者

Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.10, pp.551-555, 2006-10-20 (Released:2011-04-22)

参考文献数

15

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We describe three patients (1 man and 2 women; age, 28 to 83 years) with herpes zoster of the trigeminal nerve that developed after dental treatment. The patients presented with toothache or periodontal disease as initial symptoms. Ten cases of herpes zoster occurring after dental treatment, have been reported previously. The initial symptom was toothache or periodontal tissue discomfort in most cases, and the age of the patients ranged from 7 to 73 years. Symptoms of herpes zoster appeared within 2 days after dental treatment in half of the patients. Although the relation between dental treatment and the occurrence of herpes zoster is unclear, we should include herpes zoster in the differential diagnosis when a patient presents with toothache or periodontal tissue discomfort.

著者

鈴木 渉太 岡田 浩 中山 健夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会

雑誌

日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌 (ISSN:21852928)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.4, pp.158-160, 2020-12-20 (Released:2020-12-29)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

2

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著者らは,新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)対策に関連して,薬剤師から外国人患者への情報提供を支援するために,都道府県のWebサイトから多言語で相談可能な連絡先情報を収集してまとめ,薬剤師向けのWebサイトで紹介した.COVID-19対策を機に,薬局には各施設での外国人対応を見直し,災害時だけでなく日常的にも外国人が安心して利用できる場となるように,受け入れ体制の整備が求められる.

著者

谷 真如 高野 洋一 髙宮 英輔 嶋根 卓也

出版者

日本犯罪心理学会

雑誌

犯罪心理学研究 (ISSN:00177547)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.1-17, 2020-01-30 (Released:2020-04-03)

参考文献数

22

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This study compared the psycho–social characteristics of newly entered inmates to penal institutions across Japan with and without partial suspension of execution committed simulant drug related offenses. Inmates with partial suspension of execution were significantly more likely than those without to report engaged experiences in medical care and peer support, criminal history by substance use offences, psychiatric comorbidity and early first time simulant drug use. Furthermore, inmates with partial suspension of execution were found to have a higher degree of problems related to drug use measured by The Drug Abuse Screening Test-20 (DAST-20) than those without. Additionally, results from decision tree analyses indicated that some psycho–social characteristics influence judicial sentencing about imprisonment with partial suspension of execution. The groups with psycho–social characteristics that are likely to be inmates with partial suspension of execution had higher severity of drug use problems than those without them. In the light of these findings, justice decision making of imprisonment with partial suspension of execution seems to be determined with sufficient consideration of treatment needs and responsivity for preventing reoffending.This study compared the psycho–social characteristics of newly entered inmates to penal institutions across Japan with and without partial suspension of execution committed simulant drug related offenses. Inmates with partial suspension of execution were significantly more likely than those without to report engaged experiences in medical care and peer support, criminal history by substance use offences, psychiatric comorbidity and early first time simulant drug use. Furthermore, inmates with partial suspension of execution were found to have a higher degree of problems related to drug use measured by The Drug Abuse Screening Test-20 (DAST-20) than those without. Additionally, results from decision tree analyses indicated that some psycho–social characteristics influence judicial sentencing about imprisonment with partial suspension of execution. The groups with psycho–social characteristics that are likely to be inmates with partial suspension of execution had higher severity of drug use problems than those without them. In the light of these findings, justice decision making of imprisonment with partial suspension of execution seems to be determined with sufficient consideration of treatment needs and responsivity for preventing reoffending.

著者

長谷川 忍 柏原 昭博

出版者

教育システム情報学会

雑誌

教育システム情報学会誌 (ISSN:13414135)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.9-20, 2011-01-31 (Released:2018-07-27)

参考文献数

61

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Education/learning in network communities involves activities in which the members acquire, share, publish and create knowledge by joining in the communities to communicate with each other. The main topic addressed in this review paper is to classify fundamental technologies for scaffolding and promoting such education/learning activities. The key idea on this classification is to organize the fundamental technologies in each type of network community, with which social capital in the community increases, and with which the sustainability of the education/learning activities could be maximized.