著者
Jeff Moore Jason Shaw Shigeto Kawahara Takayuki Arai
出版者
ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
雑誌
Acoustical Science and Technology (ISSN:13463969)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.2, pp.75-83, 2018-03-01 (Released:2018-03-01)
参考文献数
27
被引用文献数
1

This study examines the tongue shapes used by Japanese speakers to produce the English liquids /ɹ/ and /l/. Four native Japanese speakers of varying levels of English acquisition and one North American English speaker were recorded both acoustically and with Electromagnetic Articulography. Seven distinct articulation strategies were identified. Results indicate that the least advanced speaker uses a single articulation strategy for both sounds. Intermediate speakers used a wide range of articulations, while the most advanced non-native speaker relied on a single strategy for each sound.
著者
吉田 暁生
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター
雑誌
赤門マネジメント・レビュー (ISSN:13485504)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.5, no.5, pp.381-392, 2006-05-25 (Released:2018-03-11)
参考文献数
18

口コミの影響力を考えるにあたって、ランダムサンプリングによる質問紙調査を実施し、新たな知人の定義のもとに電話帳法による知人数推定をおこなったところ、先行研究のインターネット調査との異同がみられた。日本人の「連絡の取れる人」の数の平均は129.9人だったが、インターネット利用者のほうがその人数は多かった。
著者
木村 義晴
出版者
Japan Oil Chemists' Society
雑誌
油化学 (ISSN:18842003)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.10, pp.748-753, 1987-10-20 (Released:2009-11-10)
参考文献数
31
被引用文献数
1

Over the last twenty years, some hydrocarbon-utilizing microorgainisms have been found to produce emulsifying materials, namely, biosurfactants. Biosurfactants have certain structural characteristics which are not seen in industrial synthetic surfactants. Application of biosurfactants has been attempted in a wide variety fields, including the tertiary petroleum recovery, pollution-free removing agents, hydrocarbon fermentation, industrial surfactants, and so on. It is explained that a general outline on the current situation of research and development of these biosurfactants, according to the classification depending on the structures of their hydrophilic moieties. And, it is explained that results of our research and development on a sophorolipid, whose derivertive has found commercial utility as a skin moisturizer.
著者
野津 憲治
出版者
一般社団法人日本地球化学会
雑誌
地球化学 (ISSN:03864073)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.1-2, pp.71-84, 1985-10-15 (Released:2016-11-26)

Four topics on "Geochemistry of the crust and mantle" are reviewed. The contents are as follows. 1. Introduction 2. Abundances of the elements (2.1) Crustal abundances (2.2) Chemical composition of the earth (2.3) Cosmic abundances 3. Age determination 4. Partition of the elements (4.1) MASUDA-CORYELL plot: Partition of rare earth elements (4.2) ONUMA diagram: Crystal structure control of the element distribution between solid and liquid phases (4.3) Intracrystalline exchange equilibrium 5. Evolution of the crust and mantle, and mantle heterogeneity (5.1) MASUDA-MATSUI model (5.2) Isotopic evolution model of the crust and mantle (5.3) Layered mantle model and mantle heterogeneity 6. Epilogue
著者
北川 夏樹 鈴木 春菜 羽鳥 剛史 藤井 聡
出版者
公益社団法人 土木学会
雑誌
土木学会論文集D3(土木計画学) (ISSN:21856540)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, no.5, pp.67_I_327-67_I_332, 2011 (Released:2012-12-28)
参考文献数
21

本研究では,「家族」,「学校や会社等の組織」,「地域」,「国家」という4つの共同体を取り上げて,これらの共同体からの疎外意識が主観的幸福感に及ぼす影響について実証的に検討することを目的とした.この目的の下,主観的幸福感を構成する「感情的幸福感」と「認知的幸福感」に関する既存尺度とヘーゲルの理論を基に作成した「人間疎外尺度」を用いて,両者の関連を検討した.その結果,共同体に対する疎外意識と主観的幸福感との間に負の関連性が示され,共同体からの疎外意識を感じている人ほど,その幸福感が低い傾向にある可能性を示唆する結果が得られた.特に,「家族」と「国家」に対する疎外意識は,感情的幸福感と認知的幸福感の双方に対して直接的な負の影響を及ぼし得る可能性が示唆された.
著者
木口 雅司 井芹 慶彦 鼎 信次郎 沖 大幹
出版者
公益社団法人 土木学会
雑誌
土木学会論文集G(環境) (ISSN:21856648)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.72, no.5, pp.I_241-I_246, 2016 (Released:2017-02-20)
参考文献数
8

本研究では、地球温暖化に伴う気候変動が進行して、ある臨界点(ティッピングポイント)を過ぎた時点で不連続のような急激な変化が生じて、大きなインパクトをもたらすような気候変動の要素(ティッピングエレメント)の発現可能性について解析した。先行研究で述べられたティッピングポイントを用いて、4つの排出シナリオや緩和目標としての戦略シナリオと、ティッピングエレメントのうち北極海の夏の海氷の喪失とグリーンランド氷床の融解について関連性を導いた。その結果、ティッピングポイントの不確実性があるものの、各排出シナリオでのティッピングエレメントの発現可能性が示された。一方戦略シナリオでは、複数気候シナリオを用いて検討した結果、気候シナリオとティッピングエレメントの両方の不確実性を組み合わせて議論する可能性が示された。
著者
中村 祐久
出版者
日本医科大学医学会
雑誌
日本医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00480444)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.1, pp.33-46_2, 1966-02-15 (Released:2010-10-14)
参考文献数
46
著者
吉田 信
出版者
東南アジア学会
雑誌
東南アジア -歴史と文化- (ISSN:03869040)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2008, no.37, pp.3-27, 2008 (Released:2016-12-13)
参考文献数
47

This article takes a historical approach to the legal status of the Japanese in the Dutch East Indies with particular emphasis on the law making process. It is widely known that the Dutch government made a legal distinction between its colonial population as Europeans and “inlanders (natives).” The criterion of this distinction was that the concerned group could be regarded as either “civilized” or not. According to the law, the Japanese were classified as “inlanders” until the introduction of the Japanese Law. However, as the navigation treaty between the Dutch and Japanese governments concluded in 1896, the Dutch government was confronted with whether or not to change the legal status of the Japanese in the East Indies. They subsequently enacted the so-called Japanese Law to elevate the Japanese from “inlanders” to quasi-Europeans. A parliamentary discussion regarding this law reveals the notion of civilization held by the law-makers and Dutch politicians. In addition, this article describes how the Japanese recognize this law in relation to its social significance in the East Indies.
著者
Ilka Straehler-Pohl George I. Matsumoto Melisa J. Acevedo
出版者
日本プランクトン学会、日本ベントス学会
雑誌
Plankton and Benthos Research (ISSN:18808247)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, no.2, pp.129-138, 2017-05-30 (Released:2017-06-06)
参考文献数
53
被引用文献数
9

A lot of confusion (over the last 90 years) surrounds the naming of the Californian carybdeid population, sighted near La Jolla and Santa Barbara, since its first description by Stiasny in 1922. The specimens were first identified as Carybdea rastonii and later as Carybdea marsupialis but the identification was doubted by several scientists. To clear up the confusion, specimens of the Californian population were compared to specimens of all known carybdeid species. This comparison revealed that the Californian population represents an undescribed carybdeid species, named Carybdea confusa n. sp., being identified by the combination of the following characters: Gastric phacellae (single rooted, single stemmed), velarial canals (2 velarial canal roots/octant; canals multiple-branched with rounded tips) and pedalial canal (knee bend with thorn-like appendage).
著者
後藤 幸大 岡 英輝 横矢 重臣 橋本 洋一 越後 整 塩見 直人 武澤 秀理 田邑 愛子 藤井 明弘 日野 明彦
出版者
一般社団法人 日本脳卒中学会
雑誌
脳卒中 (ISSN:09120726)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.5, pp.357-361, 2018 (Released:2018-09-25)
参考文献数
9

頭痛・頸部痛など解離に伴う痛みで発症した椎骨動脈解離は比較的予後良好とされるが,その中にくも膜下出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage: SAH)を来し予後不良となる例がある.いずれの例がSAH を来すのか予め把握するのは困難だが,痛みで発症した椎骨動脈解離を初診時に確実に診断することが重要である.当院初診時に診断に至らず,SAH を発症し再受診した4 例を検討し報告する.4 例は年齢層,頭痛や頸部痛が中等度以上かつ悪化すること,時間外に救急外来を受診していることが一致していた.再診後は速やかに血管内治療を行い,退院時mRS 0 が2 例,mRS 4 が2 例だった.日常診療において上記のような患者に遭遇した場合,椎骨動脈解離を念頭にbasi-parallel anatomical scanning を含めた頭部MRI/MRA,頭部造影CT を考慮すべきである.SAH を来し再受診した場合,速やかな治療で予後良好となる可能性がある.

2 0 0 0 OA 数理的研究

著者
間淵 洋子
出版者
日本語学会
雑誌
日本語の研究 (ISSN:13495119)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.2, pp.114-121, 2020-08-01 (Released:2020-08-14)
著者
松岡 成治 米田 浩久 鈴木 俊明
出版者
関西理学療法学会
雑誌
関西理学療法 (ISSN:13469606)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.4, pp.87-96, 2004 (Released:2005-03-11)
参考文献数
5
被引用文献数
1

We encountered 5 patients with cerebrovascular disease, who demonstrated shortening of the trunk muscle. We thought that the shortening was caused by primary low muscle tone. We investigated whether there was an effect on sitting and walking postures by stretching the shortening muscles. So we stretched these muscles at first. But we could not obtain good effect on either static sitting or walking postures. Then we selected one patient, and tried using weight shifting during sitting with sufficient muscle contraction. As a result, we could acquire improvement in both sitting and walking postures. From the above investigation, it was suggested that both stretching the shortened muscles and performing physical therapy based on normal movements were important therapeutic exercise for patients with cerebrovascular disease.
著者
斉藤 知範
出版者
日本教育社会学会
雑誌
教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.71, pp.131-150, 2002-10-31 (Released:2011-03-18)
参考文献数
43
被引用文献数
3 3

This paper examines empirically the hypotheses derived from the differential reinforcement and social control theories of delinquency, and provides new understanding for understanding issues of delinquency in contemporary Japan. Over the last three decades, relatively few empirical studies have been conducted on the relationship between juveniles' association with delinquent peers and various types of deviant behavior in Japanese society. In particular, there have been very few case-controlled studies testing the analytic validity of differential reinforcement and social control theories for official delinquency. The author hypothesizes that official delinquency, which tends to be chronic and only occurs in the presence of strong motives and impulses, is mainly caused by the mechanism of positive reinforcement (seeking rewards) and negative reinforcement (escaping punishment) through association with delinquent peers. In addition, the author hypothesizes that school-related stress is negatively related to both self-reported and official delinquency.The following conclusions are reached.(1) The findings are very consistent with the author's hypothesis that delinquency is learned or reinforced through association with delinquent peers. Moreover, the effect of delinquent peer association holds significance, independent of other factors.(2) As was found in previous studies, attachment to teachers is in general negatively related to self-reported delinquency scales. None of the attachment scales are significantly related to official measures of delinquency.(3) Commitment has a significant negative effect only on official traffic offenses.(4) School-related stress has a negative effect on certain forms of official delinquency, which clearly weakens the argument that school-related stress promotes delinquency. It seems very important to understand the mechanism of differential reinforcement to know why some children have positive motives and impulses toward delinquent behavior.Finally, the implications for future research are discussed.
著者
須藤 裕子 小笠原 勝 西尾 孝佳 一前 宣正
出版者
日本雑草学会
雑誌
雑草研究 (ISSN:0372798X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.1, pp.8-14, 2004-03-31 (Released:2009-12-17)
参考文献数
24
被引用文献数
4 3

舗装道路内の縁石と歩道の接合部に形成される路面間隙に成立する雑草植生の生態学的な特性を明らかにすることを目的に, 栃木県宇都宮市内の国道, 県道および市道の植生調査を行った。植生調査は2002年3月18日から4月25日 (春期), 同年10月17日から10月29日 (秋期) に行い, 間隙のサイズと間隙に含まれる土壌のpHを測定するとともに, 草種別の出現頻度, 積算優占度, 生活型および帰化雑草率を求めた。植生解析の結果から, 路面間隙の雑草植生はオランダミミナグサ (Cerastiurn glomeratum Thuill.), ノミノツヅリ (Arenaria serprllifolia L.), エノコログサ (Setaris viridis (L.) Beauv.), コニシキソウ (Euphorbia supina Raf.), ニワホコリ (Eragrostis multicaulis Steud.), オヒシバ (Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.), スズメノカタビラ (Poa annua L.) およびヨモギ (Artemisia princeps Pampan.) を優占種, ノミノツヅリを標徴種の候補とし, 種組成の点において水田や畑の雑草植生と明らかに異なることが判明した。また, 路面間隙に出現した雑草種は春期と秋期あわせて25科74種に上り, 路面間隙は植物の生育にとって不適な環境と考えられるにもかかわらず, 多種類の雑草が生育していることも明らかになった。さらに, 路面間隙の雑草の多くは地下および地上に連絡体を作らず (R5), 重力または風によって種子散布を行う (D4) 一年生 (Th) のTh-D4-R5型の雑草であった。
著者
田中 優子 楠見 孝
出版者
日本認知科学会
雑誌
認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.1, pp.56-68, 2012 (Released:2013-12-27)
参考文献数
44
被引用文献数
2

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the type of goals and ability on critical thinking performance. Seventy Three students at a nursing school evaluated 30 items of enthymematic reasoning that is reasoning based on enthymeme under two kinds of goals (“to make correct judgments” and “to enjoy things”). Enthymeme, in this study, was defined as a modus ponens syllogism without an unstated premise, so that the enthymeme was logically invalid. We also manipulated the degree of believability of the unstated premise and classified the 30 items of enthymematic reasoning into four categories based on the degree of believability. Critical thinking ability was measured by using the inference subscale of the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal. The results showed that the logically invalid enthymematic reasoning was more accepted under the goal of enjoying things. Students less accepted the enthymematic reasoning with a less believable implicit assumption. Although students tend to accept the enthymematic reasoning with a relatively believable assumption, the students who had high critical thinking ability more refused to accept the enthymematic reasoning under the goal of making correct judgments in comparison with the students who had low critical thinking ability. We conclude that (1) critical thinking performance varies with goals and beliefs in implicit assumption within subjects; (2) high score in critical thinking ability test does not necessarily guarantee high performance; and (3) critical thinking ability affects performance interacting with goals.