著者

丹野 貴行 竹内 康二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本行動分析学会

雑誌

行動分析学研究 (ISSN:09138013)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.108-110, 2021-03-25 (Released:2022-03-25)

参考文献数

14

著者

三田古代史研究会編

出版者

慶應義塾大学出版会

巻号頁・発行日

2015

著者

京伏合併記念会 編

出版者

京伏合併記念会

巻号頁・発行日

1935

著者

Dimas Arya ABDILLAH Onalenna KEREILWE Raihana Nasrin FERDOUSY Risa SAITO Hiroya KADOKAWA

出版者

The Society for Reproduction and Development

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021-126, (Released:2022-01-27)

被引用文献数

2

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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the ongoing global pandemic, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent evidence shows that the virus utilizes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a spike protein receptor for entry into target host cells. The bovine ACE2 contains key residues for binding to the spike protein receptor-binding domain. This study evaluated the hypothesis that bovine gonadotroph expresses ACE2, and spike protein suppresses luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion from cultured bovine anterior pituitary (AP) cells. ACE2 mRNA expression and ACE2 protein expression were detected in the bovine AP cells using reverse transcription PCR and western blot analysis. Immunofluorescence microscopy analysis with the anti-ACE2 antibody revealed the co-localization of ACE2 and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor on the gonadotroph plasma membrane. Approximately 90% of GnRH receptor-positive cells expressed ACE2, and approximately 46% of ACE2-positive cells expressed the GnRH receptor. We cultured bovine AP cells for 3.5 days and treated them with increasing concentrations (0, 0.07, 0.7, or 7 pM) of recombinant spike protein having both S1 and S2 regions. The spike protein (0.07–7 pM) suppressed both basal and GnRH-induced LH secretion (P < 0.05). Spike protein (0.7–7 pM) suppressed GnRH-induced (P < 0.05), but not basal FSH secretion. In contrast, pre-treatment with ERK 1/2/5 inhibitor (U0126) partially restored the GnRH-induced LH and FSH secretion from the spike protein suppression. Collectively, the results indicate that gonadotrophs express ACE2, a receptor for coronavirus 2 spike protein, which in turn suppresses LH and FSH secretion from AP cells.

著者

森田 理仁

出版者

総合研究大学院大学

雑誌

特別研究員奨励費

巻号頁・発行日

2013-04-01

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適応度に最も強く影響を与える出生率の自発的な低下を伴う少子化は,ヒトの行動や生態を理解する上で大きな課題である.以下,特別研究員研究報告書に記載した内容をもとに,主要な成果を中心に報告する.研究1:子どもの数をめぐる父母間(夫妻間)の性的対立ヒトにおいても,出産や子育てに伴うコストは男性よりも女性の方が大きいため,父母間で性的対立が生じていると予測される.そして,配偶者の変更が可能な配偶システムのもとでは,欲しい子どもの数は男性よりも女性の方が少なくなると予測される.これらのことから,「女性の社会進出により,少ない子どもを望む女性の意思決定が男性より大きな影響力をもつようになれば,出生率は低下するのではないか」という仮説を立て,アンケート調査を子育て支援施設において行い検証した.その結果は,予測に反して,多くの場合,父母間で欲しい子どもの数は一致していた.また,子どもをもつことに対して,両親の希望が等しく重視された夫婦が最も多かった.これらの結果から,現在の社会では養育費の負担などによって,配偶者の変更に伴う男性のコストが非常に大きいことが考えられる.研究2:出産の起こりやすさに影響を与える要因生活史戦略の理論からは,子育てにとって好条件になった時に出産が多く生じていると予測される.本研究では,『消費生活に関するパネル調査』のソースデータを用いて,この予測を検証した.分析の結果,こちらも予測に反して,子育てにとって好条件になった時に出産が多く生じていることはなかった.さらに,子どもがすでに二人居ると,その後の出産が急激に起こりにくくなることがわかった.二人という子どもの数は,進化的には非適応的なレベルに少数であるため,今後はこの背景をさらに探求する.その他,数理モデルを用いて,子どもの質をめぐる競争的社会環境や,繁殖以外の選択肢の魅力が出生率に与える影響を研究した.

著者

井上 正明 韮沢 司朗

出版者

安全工学会

雑誌

安全工学 (ISSN:05704480)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.6, pp.350-353, 1970-12-15 (Released:2018-10-17)

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.12, pp.820-826, 2002-12-25 (Released:2009-05-25)

著者

Jun-Hong Dong Ya-Xing Wu Chang-Lin Zhao

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

Mycoscience (ISSN:13403540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.65-72, 2022-03-20 (Released:2022-03-31)

参考文献数

54

被引用文献数

3

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Two new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Steccherinum hirsutum and S. yunnanense spp. nov., are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Sequences of internal transcribed spacer and large subunit region of nuculear ribosomal RNA gene of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and bayesian inference methods. Steccherinum hirsutum is characterized by an annual growth habit, stipitate basidiocarps with scarlet to red, odontioid hymenial surface, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae negative in Melzer's reaction, and acyanophilous basidiospores measuring 2.5-3.5 × 1.5-2.5 µm. Steccherinum yunnanense is distinguished by resupinate basidiomata with odontioid hymenial surface, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, strongly encrusted cystidia and ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores (3.5-4.5 × 2-3.5 µm). The phylogenetic analyses comfirmed that two new species nest in Steccherinum, in the residual polyporoid clade.

著者

澤井 充生

出版者

東京都立大学人文科学研究科人文学報編集委員会

雑誌

人文学報. 社会人類学分野 = THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES (JIMBUN GAKUHO) (ISSN:03868729)

巻号頁・発行日

no.517, pp.77-99, 2021-03-26

著者

遠藤 珠紀

出版者

公益財団法人 史学会

雑誌

史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.111, no.3, pp.293-322,441-44, 2002

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In the study of how the Japanese medieval imperial court was actually operated, a concept of "bureaucratic farming" has been offered, and when considering auch an idea, the role played by bureaucratic families (ie 家) becomes very important. In the present paper, the author takes up the Benkan 弁官 and Geki 外記 Bureaus at the time and examines the "medieval family" institution existing among the secretaries (shi 史 and geki) who were responsible for the everyday operations of these two bureaus, focussing on the establishment of families as managerial units and primogeniture succession from fathers to sons, especially the political status corresponding to the establishment of main branches and their exclusive inheritance of family wealth. Section one traces the split that occurred in the head of the Benkan secretaries, the Ozuki 小槻 family, into the Mibu 壬生 and Omiya 大宮 lines in relation to the formation process of the "medieval family." As a result, the author shows that the establishment of these two lines into "ie" was finalized in 1273 after several generations of dividing up the official family genealogy. Section two turns to secretarial head of the Geki Bureau, the Nakahara 中原 family, showing the transformation of an ancient uji 氏 (clan) into a medieval ie. Section three examines changes that gradually occurred from the fourteenth century on in the sixth levels of subordinate bureaucrats working at the two bureaus in response to abovementioned changes in secretarial head families, showing that in contrast to their superiors, who were also active as scholarly (hakase 博士) families, these subordinate government officials became an independent class of job-oriented professionals. The author concludes that it was during the late Kamakura era that a transformation occurred in the staff organization of the Benkan and Geki Bureaus, which formed the nucleus of medieval court day to day operations What remains to be studied, then, is the relationship of actual bureaucratic duties to such organizational changes.

著者

山口 晴久

出版者

一般社団法人 日本航空宇宙学会

雑誌

日本航空宇宙学会誌 (ISSN:00214663)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.587, pp.275-282, 2002-12-05 (Released:2019-04-12)

著者

樫本 喜一

出版者

大阪府立大学大学院人間社会学研究科

雑誌

人間社会学研究集録 (ISSN:1880683X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.81-110, 2007-03-31

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This paper examines the first occurrence of conflict between early nuclear policy and the local autonomy in democratised Japan after World War 2, which arose in 1959, when the residents of Mizr moto village moved against the Kansai Research Reactor planned to be installed in Katano, a nearby town. The previous year, the physicists of the Science Council of Japan had made a proposal which called for democratic control of nuclear technology. This proposal was officially submitted to the Science and Technology Agency, on the occasion of the controversy concerning the safety of the Kansai Research Reactor when the former Takatsuki plan was at issue. It seems that the proposal included the idea of forming an agency analogous to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) of the United States. But this proposal was not adopted, and soon afterward the Takatsuki plan was replaced by the Katano plan. Therefore the residents of Mizumoto village were placed in difficult circumstances. This paper discusses the historical events in great detail. I hope that it provides useful suggestions for the present studies concerning democratic control of science and technology, such as STS (Science and Technology Studies) and Environmental Sociology.

著者

上田万年 説話

出版者

鍾美堂

巻号頁・発行日

1911

著者

Odin Steve 佐良土 茂樹

出版者

上智哲学誌編集委員会

雑誌

上智哲学誌 (ISSN:09139575)

巻号頁・発行日

no.23, pp.62-75, 2011

著者

髙橋 亮太 岡田 唯男 上松 東宏

出版者

一般社団法人 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会

雑誌

日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌 (ISSN:21852928)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.4, pp.213-219, 2019-12-20 (Released:2019-12-27)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

3 3

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1980年代頃から「複数の慢性疾患をもつこと」は「multimorbidity(多疾患罹患)」と呼ばれ,近年のプライマリケア研究において重大なテーマとなっている.高齢化と共にmultimorbidity患者は増加し,性別,社会経済的地位の低さ,精神疾患合併との相関が示されている.また,死亡率上昇,QOL (quality of life)低下等の健康アウトカムへの負の影響が示唆され,受診回数増加,ポリファーマシー等の患者負担増加や,救急受診,予定外入院,医療費上昇等の医療資源利用への影響がわかってきている.一方で介入方法はエビデンスによる十分な裏付けがない.本総説は国内外の質の高い研究論文を中心にmultimorbidity研究の現状を俯瞰し,研究上の課題を指摘すると共に,それらを踏まえ,臨床現場におけるmultimorbidity患者へのアプローチ方法の提案を行う.

著者

柳田国男, 倉田一郎 共著

出版者

民間伝承の会

巻号頁・発行日

1938

著者

李 芳星 西澤 泰彦

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.780, pp.637-647, 2021 (Released:2021-02-28)

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This paper aims to clarify the actual studying conditions and characteristics of Chinese architecture students studying in Japan in the first half of the 20th century. This study uses a variety of literature from China and Japan to sort out the information of international students and makes the list containing students’ personal details, study abroad situations, post-graduation activities. Based on this list, this paper analyzes from the following three aspects: 1) Details about the Japanese schools accepting Chinese architecture students and the systems established by each school for international students. 2) On the basis of the previous section, the admission statuses of Chinese architecture students are sorted out, and statuses’ characteristics are analyzed and compared according to the studying aboard systems. 3) Based on the above list, funds sources of Chinese international students are clarified and the relationship between the study aboard systems and funds is analyzed. According these aspects, this paper concludes the followings. 1) According to the current statistics, there were 254 students studying in Japan from 1906 to 1945. Because of the detailed and comprehensive investigation, this number is close to the total number of Chinese architecture students studying in Japan at that time. Although the numbers are hard to compare, the students who went to America were all graduates of Chinese colleges and universities. And most Chinese architecture students who studied in Japan had come to Japan after graduating from secondary education institutions in China and receive preparatory course in Japan before they received higher education in architecture. The number of 254 Chinese students shows the composition of such study abroad by Chinese architecture students at that time. 2) There are 26 Japanese public and private schools that accepted Chinese architecture students, and each has established its own admission system. Among them, Tokyo Higher Technical School accepted the largest number of students, accounting for 43% of the total. It had detailed stipulations in the setting rules for international student base on the “Student Programs in Five Japanese Universities”, the special agreement of Sino-Japan Governments and some measures by Japanese Government. 3) The statuses of Chinese architecture students include elective student, preparatory student, regular student, research student and auditor. To obtain the regular course in architecture is the main purpose of these students to study abroad. However, in public school, it is difficult for foreigners to be educated in the same environment as Japanese. Due to the difficulty of admission, most of the Chinese architecture students entered preparatory course and then regular course. 4) The sources of public funds came from the support of the governments of Japan and China. The most important thing is that the “Student Programs in Five Japanese Universities” not only provided necessary fees for Chinese students, but also stipulated that at least two students should be received by Architecture Department of Tokyo Higher Technical School every year. This is the main reason why the number of Chinese architecture students at Tokyo Higher Technical School is the largest. Thus, the basic conditions and initial information about studying abroad in architecture are clarified.

著者

飯村 郁男

出版者

一般社団法人 表面技術協会

雑誌

金属表面技術 現場パンフレット (ISSN:03685527)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.8, pp.3-6, 1961-08-15 (Released:2009-10-07)

著者

笹原 和俊 Giovanni Luca Ciampaglia Alessandro Flammini Filippo Menczer

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会全国大会論文集 第31回 (2017)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.4N1OS01a1, 2017 (Released:2018-07-30)

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多様な情報と人々を結びつけるはずのソーシャルメディアがむしろ社会的分離と情報同質化を助長するエコーチェンバーの問題が近年深刻化している. 本研究では, ソーシャルメディアを模した情報伝搬と社会的接続のメカニズムを導入した意見形成モデルのシミュレーションを行った. その結果, アンフォローによる社会的切断がエコーチェンバー化を駆動すること,フォローの仕方によってダイアドの形成が異なることがわかった.

著者

小池 真理

出版者

北海道大学留学生センター

雑誌

北海道大学留学生センター紀要

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.58-80, 2000-12

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本稿では、日本語学習者の依頼の発話行為を母語話者に評価してもらい、失礼な印象を受けるのが学習者のどのような発話行為からなっているか、さらに同じ状況での母語話者の発話行為と比較して、どのような違いがあるのかを分析することを目的とする。まず、学習者の依頼のロールプレイを母語話者に見せ、自由に印象を語ってもらった。そのコメント中から失礼な印象、不安を感じると述べられた学習者の発話を取り出し、分析した。そして同じ場面での母語話者のロールプレイから得られた発話データと比較した。分析の結果、「依頼」の場面において母語話者が失礼な印象を持ったのは、(1)終助詞「ね」の多用で、特に文節末における多用、(2)「明日時間がありますか」と突然尋ねる用件の切り出し方、(3)可能形を使った依頼表現、(4)開き手とのネゴシエーションが不足した一方的な談話展開、であった。さらに、学習者の発話行為には母語話者のものと比べて、(1)聞き手の負担に遠慮を示す発話行為の不足、(2)相手の負担の軽減を提示する発話行為の不足、(3)開き手の反応に応じたネゴシエーションの不足、が見られた。