著者

谷口 諒 高田 直樹 村瀬 俊朗

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

日本経営学会誌 (ISSN:18820271)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.32-46, 2022-12-20 (Released:2023-12-23)

参考文献数

60

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Innovation starts with creative ideas. While creativity and innovation have been separately studied, a growing body of work examines the process of creativity leading to innovation. There are a variety of problems in that process. One of them is the selection of creative ideas. Some experimental studies have shown that idea selection is a difficult task due to the cognitive tendency of individuals. This difficulty is exacerbated for managers since their cognitive resources are limited. If managers fail to correctly perceive and select highly creative ideas among many alternatives, creativity does not lead to innovations. Thus, as prior literature does, idea selection by managers is worth examining. However, idea selection by idea generators matters as well. Since the pool of ideas that managers evaluate consists of ones that idea generators propose, organizations cannot enjoy their employees' creativity if idea generators fail to select highly creative ideas among those they generate. Although this possibility has been mentioned in existing studies, little attention has been paid to idea selection by idea generators, in particular teams, that generated those ideas. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model of team idea selection, focusing on the diversity of members, psychological safety, and psychological ownership. While the former two concepts have been shown to contribute to idea generation (creativity), we argue that those can impede effective idea selection. Moreover, psychological ownership can lead teams away from proper evaluation and selection of creative ideas. Our model implies the potential difficulties and paradoxes in selecting ideas that idea generator teams can face.

著者

鈴木 修

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

日本経営学会誌 (ISSN:18820271)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.47-61, 2022-12-20 (Released:2023-12-23)

参考文献数

54

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It often is assumed that cognition of decision makers mediates influences of organizational slack on various phenomena observed at organizations, including innovation, risk taking, and organizational growth. However, the mediating role played by managerial cognition per se is rarely examined empirically. Accordingly, irrespective of rich empirical support for associations between organizational slack and various organizational phenomena, we have yet fully understood underlying mechanisms of influences of organizational slack. Furthermore, it also is left underexamined whether the association between organizational slack and organizational phenomena is an indication of causal relationships in that the former is an antecedent of the latter. We aim to address this dearth of research by empirically examining whether managerial attention mediates influences of organizational slack on organizational growth. Our empirical analysis of the Japanese textile industry between 2004 and 2020 shows that attention of decision makers on external issues mediates the relationship between organizational slack and organizational growth. Specifically, we show that organizational slack is negatively associated with external attention of decision makers, while the external attention is positively associated with organizational growth. Our analyses address potential endogeneity of organizational slack to provide robust support for the hitherto unvalidated rationale employed by the prior work. The competitive mediation uncovered by our analysis may also help us to explain contradictory influences of organizational slack, or one of the unresolved questions in the research of organizational slack.

著者

尾﨑 浩一

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

日本経営学会誌 (ISSN:18820271)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.62-76, 2022-12-20 (Released:2023-12-23)

参考文献数

27

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This study focuses on the direction of “exploration” and “exploitation” of ambidextrous management to improve business performance under limited business resources in a market that requires policy-oriented “exploration” efforts, and set the research question as “What is the direction of firms' ambidextrous management efforts under limited business resources in the policy-oriented market?”. By focusing on Stadtwerke, small and medium-sized energy companies in Germany, which are precedent cases in a market-oriented toward full liberalization of energy retailing and the exploration of renewable energy, this study examines how to tackle “exploration” and “exploitation” to improve business performance. The analysis of the derived hypotheses shows that the company's performance can be improved by “exploration” and “exploitation”. The following conclusions (1) to (4) were obtained from the analysis of the derived hypotheses. (1) In a market that requires exploration despite limited management resources, the less effort is made into exploration, the lower the performance of the company is. (2) In a market that requires exploration despite limited management resources, the more imitatively a company follows the business efforts of a large-scale predecessor that is in the practical stage of successful exploration, the less likely it is to improve its performance. (3) In a market that requires exploration despite limited management resources, the more exploration efforts are made using technologies in the practical stage, the better the performance of the company in question is. (4) In a market that requires exploration despite limited management resources, efforts are made to explore advanced technologies, and the performance of the company in question becomes low. The contribution of this research is that by adding the perspective of “under the certain directional market environment” to the previous research on “ambidextrous management”, it is possible to show that even businesses with limited management resources can improve their performance by not only pursuing “exploitation” through the framework of their existing business but also by engaging in “exploration” using technologies that are in the practical stage.

著者

今野 正

出版者

無機マテリアル学会

雑誌

石膏と石灰 (ISSN:21854351)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1970, no.108, pp.182-189, 1970-09-01 (Released:2011-03-07)

著者

吉川 枝里 米田 美里 岩永 史子 山本 福壽

出版者

樹木医学会

雑誌

樹木医学研究 (ISSN:13440268)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.4, pp.191-201, 2009-10-31 (Released:2020-11-04)

参考文献数

16

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オオバヤドリギ(Scurrula yadoriki (Sieb.) Danser)の寄生機構解明を目的として野外調査により宿主選択特性を検討した.さらに種子接種実験を行い,発芽と成長からオオバヤドリギの寄生特性を検討した.また接種したメタセコイアとヤマモミジの若木を用いて,解剖学的手法により着生部の組織を観察し,発達初期の吸器構造を明らかにした.この結果,本種は針葉樹,広葉樹,あるいは常緑樹,落葉樹を問わず多くの樹種に寄生することを確認した.吸器構造については宿主枝内部で楔状に発達した後,突起の発達した一次吸器と,着生部から軸方向に発達する二次吸器を確認した.吸器は宿主樹種によってやや異なる形態を示した.着生部における宿主の二次木部の過剰形成は,吸器の発達に対する宿主の抵抗反応によって引き起こされていることが示唆された.また,宿主二次木部内から樹皮方向へ突起状構造を拡大することにより,常に通水機能を有する新しい宿主木部との接触が可能になっていることが推察された.

著者

谷村 煕

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.7, pp.770-776, 1955 (Released:2012-07-12)

参考文献数

43

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A review of the iron and steel casting industry, during the past ten years, was described. The progress of the casting industry in this period has much correlation to the research activity in the pre-war and war time, therefore this review covers some details of pre-war progress.

著者

村尾 泰弘

出版者

日本離婚・再婚家族と子ども研究学会

雑誌

離婚・再婚家族と子ども研究 (ISSN:24357235)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.93-96, 2021 (Released:2022-10-12)

著者

板倉 智敏 中村 菊保 中塚 順子 五藤 精知

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

日本獸醫學雜誌(The Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science) (ISSN:00215295)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.5, pp.561-566, 1979-10-25 (Released:2008-02-13)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

8 12

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犬ジステンパー(CD)生ワクチンを接種された3頭のレッサーパンダが, 定型的なCD症状と病変を示した. 特微病変は, 上皮細胞, 細網内皮細胞における酸好性細胞質ならびに核内封入体形成と, リンパ組織からの著明なリンパ球減数であった. 電顕下で, 細胞質封入体はnucleocapsidから構成されていた. 以上の所見は, 本動物がCDに対し高い感受性を持つこと, CD予防に際し生ワクチン使用は極めて危険であることを示唆する.

著者

小谷 幸

出版者

日本労働社会学会

雑誌

日本労働社会学会年報 (ISSN:09197990)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.147-178, 2001 (Released:2020-11-20)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

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Japanese society has been characterized as “company-orientated” society. But it begins to be reconsidered owing to confronting white-collar dismissals. As a result of the situation like this, Tokyo Managers' Union was established in 1993. The dismissed white-collar managers and workers join the union to solve their problems. This has a tendency to form the anti-company orientated character. This paper, which reports the research consisting of the interview with fifty one members of Tokyo Managers' Union, has two main purposes. One is to show Tokyo Managers' Union as a labor union and its activities. The other is to demonstrate the member's alteration of consciousness that affects the connection with “company-orientated” society. In the paper, “company-orientated” society means the society where companies have control over their employee's entire life. First, this paper reveals that the philosophy and action policy of Tokyo Managers' Union are opposed to the system of “company-orientated” society to suppress labor union and workers. The leaders of Tokyo Managers' Union not only place emphasis on fulfilling the demands of workers throughout the consultations, but also try to profit from supporting individual initiatives of them through the mutual cooperation among the members; therefore the union has anti-bureaucratic tendencies and emphasizes the independence of union members. Second, the paper also gives an account of the member's alteration of consciousness. Most of the people of Tokyo Managers' Union have had a sense of loss on labor problems, a need-disposition like financial compensation, and a sense of morality to set their company’s unreasoning act right as initial motivation. They have cultivated the anti-company orientated consciousness, which set a higher value of the responsibility of self-determination and the equivalent relation, through the union's problem-solving activities. Some members leave the union after settling their problem. The others who have strongly the consciousness still stay and support the activities of the union for a prolonged period. This alteration of consciousness can be evaluated as the valuable attempts to redefine “company-orientated” society. Also, it is the future subject for me to determine the position of this survey in theoretical labor union researches.

著者

西野 泰代 若本 純子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.1, pp.21-31, 2022 (Released:2022-04-25)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

3 3

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This study investigated whether there are differences in bystander behavior when bullying is witnessed. We evaluated the number and types of bystander behaviors by means of the OBVQ, and then examined the psychological characteristics of the different bystander behaviors. 269 Japanese elementary school students and 503 junior high school students completed questionnaires assessing empathic concern, peer conformity, moral disengagement, authenticity and satisfaction in classes, global self-worth, and how they would respond if they observed a peer being bullied. The results of a multinomial logistic regression analysis and ANOVA demonstrated that there would be some types of bystander behavior with common characteristics such as empathic concern and developmental differences. Moreover, the results also showed that two types of behaviors, of which one indicated the most negative psychological state, might be caused by peer conformity. Other behaviors might be caused by moral disengagement and contain some subordinate modes owing to regulatory effects of peer conformity, such as pretending to be unaware of bullying. The practical implications of bystander behavior are discussed.

著者

中島 幹夫 谷本 俊次 小川 真滋 榎本 卓朗 生駒 尚秋

出版者

耳鼻と臨床会

雑誌

耳鼻と臨床 (ISSN:04477227)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.5, pp.656-659, 1993-09-20 (Released:2013-05-10)

参考文献数

14

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脳循環障害によるめまい患者15名に対してイブジラストを経口投与し, 臨床効果を判定した.めまいの全般改善率は67%であり, 悪化した症例はなかつた. 投与後4週間で67%の改善を認めた. めまいの臨床検査の改善はRomberg検査, Mann検査で50%, 注視眼振検査, 頭位眼振検査で100%の改善が認められた. 他覚所見総合改善率は40%であつた. 副作用は認められなかつた.以上から脳循環障害によるめまいに対してイブジラストは有効で安全な薬剤と考えられる.

著者

浮ケ谷 幸代

出版者

日本保健医療社会学会

雑誌

保健医療社会学論集 (ISSN:13430203)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.110-111, 2022-07-31 (Released:2023-07-31)

著者

宇佐美 しおり

出版者

PASセルフケアセラピィ看護学会

雑誌

PASセルフケアセラピィ看護学会誌 (ISSN:24352403)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.14-20, 2020 (Released:2022-08-18)

参考文献数

13

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介入型事例報告・事例研究は,看護職が関わってきた現象を明確にし,介入理論と技法を明確にする上で非常に重要な研究方法である.従来の事例報告は,過去の事例を振り返りながらその現象から見えてきた患者理解,看護介入を明確にしてきたが,今回の介入型事例報告,事例研究は,介入するためのアセスメントとcase formulationを行い,目標を定めて介入しその評価を明らかにするPASセルフケアセラピィ(PAS-SCT)事例研究法である.今回,この事例研究法を用いて事例報告を展開し研究技法を明確にすることを目的とする.

著者

伊藤 喜介 平松 和洋 加藤 岳人 柴田 佳久 吉原 基 青葉 太郎

出版者

日本臨床外科学会

雑誌

日本臨床外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:13452843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.9, pp.1890-1895, 2018 (Released:2019-03-31)

参考文献数

17

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症例は71歳,女性.特記すべき既往歴なし.10年前から緩徐に増大する腹部腫瘤を主訴に当院を受診した.腫瘤は児頭大で表面平滑,可動性は良好であった.腹部CT・MRIにて,膵鈎部尾側に接した10cm大の造影効果のある二層に分かれた境界明瞭な腫瘤を認めた.Castleman病などの良性腫瘍を疑い開腹術を施行した.腫瘤は横行結腸間膜と連続性を認めたが,腫瘍の栄養血管のみを処理し,被膜を損傷することなく摘出した.病理組織学的検査の結果,内側は濾胞樹状細胞腫,外側はHV型Castleman病と診断した.二層に分かれるような発生形態を呈した,腹腔内原発の濾胞樹状細胞腫を伴うCastleman病の報告例はみられないため報告する.

著者

久保谷 政義 田辺 亮

出版者

日本教育情報学会

雑誌

教育情報研究 (ISSN:09126732)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.11-24, 2019 (Released:2019-09-30)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

2

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2017~2018年に大学に入学した者たちは,スマートフォンとSNSの普及というICT環境の変化の中で思春期を送り,「スマホネイティブ」とも呼ばれる世代である.本稿では,彼らのICT活用能力とスマートフォンの利用状況について,大学入学直後に実施したアンケート調査を用いて分析を加える.分析の結果,ICT活用能力のうち,特に情報倫理とメールに関連する知識・スキルは他の知識・スキルとの相関が弱いこと,スマートフォンについては,多様な機能を使うほど,とりわけ,四大SNS(LINE, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram)の使用数が多いほどその使用時間が長くなること,スマートフォンの使用時間の長さは必ずしもICT活用能力の向上に結びつくとは言えないことが明らかになった

著者

岩本 直弥 新谷 哲也 芝崎 麗央 夏池 真史 山田 雄一郎 横山 勝英

出版者

公益社団法人 土木学会

雑誌

土木学会論文集B2(海岸工学) (ISSN:18842399)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.2, pp.I_1159-I_1164, 2018 (Released:2018-11-10)

参考文献数

9

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気仙沼湾を対象として,貝毒原因プランクトンAlexandrium tamarenseの分布と流動の関係を,現地観測と三次元流動シミュレーションから検討した.2013年はA. tamarenseが気仙沼港の奥部で発生して大島瀬戸へ移流したと推測された.2014年の計数データからA. tamarenseの移動指数を作成し,大島瀬戸における平均流速との関係を調べたところ,正の相関が認められた.以上から,A. tamarenseは1週間程度かけて湾奥から湾内全域に拡散すると推測された.三次元流動シミュレーションにより,中立浮遊粒子を気仙沼港奥部の底層に配置して,その挙動を調べた.粒子は気仙沼港内で鉛直循環流により表層に巻き上げられてから南部に移流し,2日後には西湾を下るものが33 %,大島瀬戸へ移動するものが12 %になった.渦鞭毛藻類の日周鉛直移動を考慮することで,移動メカニズムを把握できる可能性が示唆された.

著者

湯口 彰重 豊田 真行 趙 崇貴 吉野 幸一郎 高松 淳 中澤 篤志 小笠原 司

出版者

一般社団法人 日本ロボット学会

雑誌

日本ロボット学会誌 (ISSN:02891824)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.10, pp.893-896, 2023 (Released:2023-12-21)

参考文献数

13

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Analyzing time-series changes of the contact surface by touching is important to elucidate the touching skills of Humanitude as one of the pervasive multimodal comprehensive care methodologies. However, the transparent flat plates to capture contact surfaces used in the previous studies are far from the actual surfaces of care receivers because the surfaces of humans consist of curved shapes. In this paper, we propose a Frustrated Total Internal Reflection (FTIR) sensing system using a transparent curved plate for the purpose to capture contacting state by using a surface more similar to the human body. We evaluate the equivalent performance between data from the proposed FTIR sensing system and an FTIR sensing system using a transparent flat plate by calculating time-series contact areas and the quantitative indices representing theHumanitude's touching motion. Through these experiments, we conclude that the proposed system can obtain the same data quality for the contact areas and the indices as the FTIR system using the flat plate.

著者

森本 祥一 重松 真二郎 後藤 祐一 程 京徳

出版者

日本ソフトウェア科学会

雑誌

コンピュータ ソフトウェア (ISSN:02896540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.3, pp.3_117-3_133, 2006 (Released:2006-09-01)

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情報システムの設計・開発において,セキュリティ仕様とその検証は重要な課題となっている.検証を行うには基準が必要であるが,情報システムが備えるべきセキュリティの基準を定めることは難しい.このため本論文では,IT製品や情報システムのセキュリティ評価の国際標準であるISO/IEC15408を基準として採用し,これに基づいた情報セキュリティ仕様の形式手法による検証技法を提案する.本検証技法では,形式的に記述したISO/IEC15408のセキュリティ評価基準を用いて,対象となる情報システムの仕様がISO/IEC15408の基準を満たしているかどうかを定理証明とモデル検査により厳密に検証することができる.

著者

磯田 隆司 陳 鵬 光武 伸一郎 豊田 利夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 C編 (ISSN:03875024)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.636, pp.3282-3289, 1999-08-25 (Released:2008-02-26)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2 2

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This paper presents an Omni Directional Mobile Robot which can run on off road and run over an obstacle. The robot is constructed with four crawler-roller-motor-units and called "roller crawler-type of omni-directional mobile robot". Each crawler-reller-motor-unit can be driven independently and the motion of the robot can be controlled by the speed of motors. We also designed a position and velocity control system for the robot. The robot can be automatically controlled to run in optional direction and to track an orbit. The efficiency of the mechanism and the control method has been verified by many practical running tests and computer simulations.