著者

松井 道昭

出版者

政治経済学・経済史学会

雑誌

歴史と経済 (ISSN:13479660)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.1-9, 2004-04-30 (Released:2017-08-30)

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Although Paris has developed fairly consistently because it has remained the capital of France, its heavy dependence on royal authority has deprived it of autonomy, and thus the relationship between the central government and Paris has always been strained. Moreover, Paris is not only a political city, but also a religious and industrial city, as well as a center of production and consumption, and this diversity makes Paris peculiar. Although it was the Industrial Revolution, and the subsequent dramatic increase in population in the 1830's and 1850's which ultimately forced Paris to shed the framework of the medieval city, the original plans for reconstruction had been laid as early as the French Revolution. The initial stages of the plan entailed improving the roads, which the revolutionary government attempted to do when it confiscated the ecclesiastical properties in Paris City and disposed of them. The road improvements, however, were not carried out because of the civil war and the Napoleonic War. It was not until the Monarchy of July that improvements began, and the plan was ultimately executed in earnest under the reign of the Second Empire. Thus, the reconstruction of Paris, through improving the roads and building a modern city suitable to industrialization, was entrusted to Napoleon III and Baron Haussmann, the chief administrator of the department of Seine. Based on the theory of public utilities, this project restricted the right of ownership to the government established by the French Revolution, but opposition from the land proprietors was less than expected. This is because the project generated a speculation boom benefiting the bourgeois class. On the other hand, craftsmen and laborers who were forced to move or suffer from increased rents were opposed to the project, yet had no form of redress. Ultimately, these poor people left the city center, and formed a new slum in the northeast zone of Paris. Although the reconstruction achieved impressive results in the areas of public hygiene, beautification and safety, its effect was like sprinkling water over thirsty soil with regards to the goal of providing transportation and housing. The reconstruction of Paris, however, provided a model for the redevelopment of other cities and had a strong effect on both French and foreign cities suffering from the same problems.

著者

松葉 和久 半谷 眞七子 長谷川 信策 小池 香代

出版者

一般社団法人日本PDA製薬学会

雑誌

日本PDA学術誌 GMPとバリデーション (ISSN:13444891)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.11-17, 2000 (Released:2006-08-01)

参考文献数

5

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During 1987-1997, Nagoya City University Hospital experienced 22 cases of claim/complaint and recall of the pharmaceutical products. This included 9 cases of abnormality of container and package, 6 cases of contamination, 3 cases of content excess/shortage, and 2 cases of content abnormality and mislabeling. When observing from dosage form, a lot of complaint and recall were the injections of 9, and, next, the external preparations of 7. After enforcing PL law, claims/complains have increased in our hospital. We made the pharmaceutical companies claims of upgrading them and we got the improvement plans as the answer books of how these pharmaceutical companies resolved these problems as follows: contaminations of parts of manufacturing processes, insects, denatured ingredients etc. By using these answers from the companies, each reason of specific and interesting incident was observed and analyzed with the idea of Human Factors. As the results, reasons of most incidents were in the relationship between Liveware and Software.

著者

上出 惠子

出版者

九州産業大学 人間科学会

雑誌

人間科学 (ISSN:24344753)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.29-35, 2020 (Released:2020-03-27)

参考文献数

40

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子ども文化の中でも,日本の子どもの歌は多種多様で,その豊かさには目を瞠るものがある。それは,かつて近代化を急ぐ日本において導入された西洋音楽と従来の日本の伝統音楽とのせめぎ合いの中で唱歌や童謡が生まれ,さらにはレコードから始まり,ラジオやテレビ,また最近ではゲーム,ネットなどの各種メディアの目覚ましい普及に伴い,子どもの歌が量産されてきたからである。このような多種多様な子どもの歌の混在は日本独自のものとも考えられるが,だからと言って野放図なままに量産と消費を繰り返すだけでことは済まないであろう。とくに保育の場にあって子どもの歌は,発達にも関わり重要である。本稿は,唱歌の成立に関わったとされる賛美歌に着目し,「子ども賛美歌」を視座に子どもの歌とは何か,さらには子どもたちにとって歌とは何かについて改めて問うものである。

著者

Yuki Manabe Takashi Hirata Tatsuya Sugawara

出版者

Japan Oil Chemists' Society

雑誌

Journal of Oleo Science (ISSN:13458957)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.149-158, 2019 (Released:2019-02-01)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

5 9

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Lipid rafts are microdomains present in the plasma membrane, which are enriched in sphingolipids and cholesterol. Certain kinases and adaptor proteins, which are important for cellular signaling, are also concentrated in lipid rafts. Several immunoreceptors are known to translocate into lipid rafts upon binding with their ligands to efficiently induce the signaling pathways, and hence, receptor translocation could be the new target for pleiotropic suppression of inflammatory responses. In this study, we evaluated the effects of carotenoids on ligand-induced lipid raft translocation of the receptors using B cell receptors (BCRs) as a model. Since all lipid raft-translocated BCRs were clustered at one pole of the cell, called capping, in our experimental condition, we screened the carotenoids for their inhibitory effect on lipid raft translocation of receptors using BCR capping as a parameter. Eleven out of twenty carotenoids significantly inhibited anti-IgM-induced BCR capping without cytotoxicity. Having no polar groups or a keto group at the C-8 position might be an important factor for inhibition. Treatment with lycopene, a non-polar carotenoid, and fucoxanthinol, a C-8-keto carotenoid, also suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced translocation of Toll-like receptor 4 into lipid rafts, and subsequent nitric oxide production in RAW264 macrophages. These results indicated that some carotenoids, but not all, can modulate inflammatory responses via suppression of ligand-induced lipid raft translocation of immunoreceptors, and also showed that our assay using BCR capping has the potential for screening compounds that inhibit lipid raft translocation of receptors.

著者

佐々木 彩恵子 野崎 章仁 才津 浩智 宮武 聡子 松本 直通 熊田 知浩 柴田 実 藤井 達哉

出版者

一般社団法人 日本小児神経学会

雑誌

脳と発達 (ISSN:00290831)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.6, pp.405-407, 2017 (Released:2017-12-12)

参考文献数

8

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COL4A1はⅣ型コラーゲンのα1鎖をコードする遺伝子で, 孔脳症や裂脳症の原因となる. 我々は, 孔脳症・裂脳症を認めず, 多彩な頭部画像所見よりCOL4A1関連疾患の診断に至った1例を経験した. 症例は21歳女性. 正期産で仮死なく帝王切開で出生した. その後精神運動発達遅滞と小頭症を認めた. 7カ月時にWest症候群を発症した. 頭部画像検査で脳室周囲の白質病変, 側脳室拡大, 小脳萎縮と脳内石灰化を認めた. 原因確定はできず, 痙直型四肢麻痺として経過観察となった. 19歳時にラクナ脳梗塞を発症し, 上記画像所見に加えて微小脳出血および脳動脈瘤も判明した. 虚血性病変と出血性病変を伴っていたことより, COL4A1関連疾患の可能性を考慮した. 遺伝カウンセリングを行い, COL4A1遺伝子解析を行った. 新規なc.2504G>A (p.Gly835Glu) 変異をde novoに認め, COL4A1関連疾患と確定診断した. 原因不明の麻痺例の中にCOL4A1関連疾患が存在する可能性がある. また常染色体優性遺伝疾患であるため, 診断の際には遺伝カウンセリングが重要である.

著者

森 秀美 長田 久雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本健康心理学会

雑誌

健康心理学研究 (ISSN:09173323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.61-68, 2007-12-25 (Released:2014-03-28)

参考文献数

17

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Codependent tendency between nurses and patients was examined and the effects of this tendency in nurses on patients' self-care agency, satisfaction with nurses, compliance and adherence were investigated. Participants included nurses and inpatients in a hospital who responded to questionnaires. Results showed that although the code-pendent tendency was not significantly different between nurses and patients, some aspects of compliance and adherence of patients, and their satisfaction with nurses were low when the nurses' codependent tendency was high. The findings from this study suggest that it is important for nurses to be aware of their own codependent tendency when developing a healthy nurse-patient relationship.

著者

加藤 和貴 三沢 計治

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生物物理学会

雑誌

生物物理 (ISSN:05824052)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.6, pp.312-317, 2006 (Released:2006-12-07)

参考文献数

25

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Multiple sequence alignment is an important tool for computational analysis of nucleotide or amino acid sequences. It is also a challenging combinatorial optimization problem in computer science. As a large amount of sequence data is becoming available from genome and other large-scale sequencing projects, efficiency, as well as accuracy, is currently required for a multiple sequence alignment program. Several new programs are being developed aiming at improving both efficiency and accuracy. We overview the algorithms and performances of new programs including that by ourselves.

著者

高倉 祐樹 大槻 美佳 中川 賀嗣 大澤 朋史 谷川 緑野

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高次脳機能障害学会

雑誌

高次脳機能研究 (旧 失語症研究) (ISSN:13484818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.4, pp.411-421, 2011-12-31 (Released:2013-01-04)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

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発症時から失語症を認めず, 言語性短期記憶 (Short-Term Memory : STM) に選択的な障害を呈した 1 例を報告した。本例の知見から, 言語性 STM の解剖学的基盤は優位半球の側頭弁蓋~横側頭回近傍と示唆された。本例は数唱に比べ, 明確な意味を伴い, かつ同じ音韻系列を持つ文の復唱が良好 (例 : “8-2-3-1”の数唱は困難だが, “蜂に刺されて散々な一日だ”という文の復唱は可能) , 桁数付き数字の復唱が良好 (例 : “7-2-3”の数唱は困難だが, “ななひゃくにじゅうさん”の復唱は可能) , 無意味語系列に比べ有意味語系列の再生が良好であった。以上から言語性 STM における「容量」は必ずしも音韻情報量に依存せず, 意味の付与や情報のチャンク化の効率により決定されると考えられ, 既報告を支持した。さらに, 刺激提示の時間間隔や素材の変化により把持成績には差異が生じており, 援用されるストラテジーもそれぞれ異なる可能性が示唆された。

著者

青木 修 香川 真二

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

理学療法科学 (ISSN:13411667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.4, pp.491-494, 2008 (Released:2008-10-09)

参考文献数

14

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[目的]変形性膝関節症(以下,膝OA)患者の膝関節位置覚は健常高齢者に比べ低下しているかを検討した。また膝OA患者に対し,局所圧迫を加える膝装具が位置覚に与える影響を検討した。[対象]対象は膝OA患者20名,健常高齢者20名であった。[方法]測定は角度測定ができるよう改良した持続的他動運動装置を用い,膝OA患者および健常高齢者の位置覚を測定した。膝OA患者に対してはさらに,膝装具を装着した状態でも位置覚を測定した。[結果]膝OA患者は健常高齢者に比べ,位置覚は低下していた。膝OA患者は装具装着により位置覚の改善がみられた。[結語]膝OA患者では装具装着により位置覚が改善するという,限局的な面においては装具が有効であることが示された。

著者

尾原 秀史 前川 信博 三川 勝也 池垣 淳一 夜久 英明 星野 裕子 高雄 由美子

出版者

日本臨床麻酔学会

雑誌

日本臨床麻酔学会誌 (ISSN:02854945)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.3, pp.329-337, 1992 (Released:2008-12-11)

参考文献数

42

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.11, pp.754-757, 1989-11-25 (Released:2009-05-25)

著者

Kyle Haasbroek Masayuki Yagi Yoshikazu Yonei

出版者

Society for Glycative Stress Research

雑誌

Glycative Stress Research (ISSN:21883602)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.3, pp.232-239, 2020 (Released:2020-10-20)

参考文献数

64

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People with Diabetes show an increased susceptibility to infection by SARS-CoV-2, greater incidence of pneumonia, and worse clinical outcomes. As diabetes involves high glycative stress, here we present a review of the literature regarding the potential interactions of glycative stress and COVID-19 that may help to explain some of the observed differences in outcomes of diabetic patients. Glycative stress directly suppresses immune function, leaving the body less able to deal with infection. Increased colonization of potentially pathogenic bacteria, mediated by glycative stress, such as Staphylococcus aureus, may also lead to negative outcomes during infection. The presence of S. aureus on the skin may weaken its barrier function and increase the risk of infection through the skin. Proteolytic activity necessary for the virus to enter cells may be enhanced in tissue exposed to S. aureus as well as by the bacteria’s own secreted proteases. Finally, S. aureus carriage could be a risk factor for the development of secondary bacterial pneumonia during primary COVID-19 infection. In order to avoid infection and severe disease outcomes, it is important for those suspected of having diabetes to maintain strict glycemic control and take measures to avoid exposure to the virus.

著者

高橋 勝

出版者

教育哲学会

雑誌

教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1977, no.35, pp.32-52, 1977-05-20 (Released:2010-01-22)

参考文献数

56

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In contemporary Germany a lively discussion is carried on about the scientific nature (Wissenschaftscharakter) of pedagogy. Against (1) the hermeneutic method (Hermeneutik) which was ruling hitherto in the educational world, since the 1950s, (2) the method of an empirical science (Erfahrungswissenschaft) influenced by English and American positivistic educational research and (3) the method of social criticism (Gesellschaftskritik) gained momentum.In this paper Wolfgang Brezinka's “educational science” (Erziehungswissenschaft) in which the viewpoint of (2) empirical science (more precisely of critical rationalism (Kritischer Rationalismus)) is adopted will be discussed ; the content of his critical observations on pedagogy in West Germany will be examined and their validity will be clarified. In particular, special attention will be given to the view of making an attempt to reinterpret the method of (1) hermeneutics and (3) social critism ss “ideology” emphasizing practice more than theory as not fulfilling the conditions of the construction of a “scientific theory”, and the attempt is made to clarify the relation between “educational theory” and “educational science” on the one hand the non-scientific level of ideology of “educational thought” and “Weltanschauung” on the other hand. Furthermone I shall try to discuss the function of “educational thought” guiding the educator and the role of “educational theory” which examines the correctness or falsehood of his statements and the validity of Brezinka's “metapedagogy” which poses the problem of making a distinction between the two different levels of these functions.

著者

渡辺 勝久 北出 利勝 廖 登稔 佐々木 和郎 北小路 博司 石丸 圭荘 大山 良樹 木下 緑 岩 昌宏 山際 賢 大藪 秀昭

出版者

公益社団法人 全日本鍼灸学会

雑誌

全日本鍼灸学会雑誌 (ISSN:02859955)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.4, pp.154-159, 1993-12-01 (Released:2011-05-30)

参考文献数

10

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顎関節症は開口障害, 顎関節の疼痛, 関節雑音を主症状とする疾患で, 近年, 若年者を中心に増加の傾向にある。顎関節症は髄伴症状として, 鍼灸治療の適応である頭痛, 頸肩部の凝りなどの不定愁訴を有している場合が多い。そこで, 顎関節症に対する認識をより深め, 具体的な鍼灸治療の方法について, ビデオ教材を作成した。ビデオ教材の内容は, 前半は顎関節の解剖, 顎関節症の病態と分類などを解説し, さらに, 顎関節のMRI画像を紹介した。後半は診察の手順と治療を解説した。鍼灸治療は, 局所的常用穴を述べ手技の実際を紹介した。

著者

芝内 孝禎 笠原 成 松田 祐司 福田 竜生 杉本 邦久

出版者

日本結晶学会

雑誌

日本結晶学会誌 (ISSN:03694585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.128-134, 2013-04-30 (Released:2013-05-01)

参考文献数

59

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Strongly interacting electrons can exhibit novel collective phases, among which the electronic nematic phases are perhaps the most surprising as they spontaneously break rotational symmetry of the underlying crystal lattice. Our highly sensitive magnetic torque measurements under in-plane field rotation in iron-based superconductors BaFe2(As1-xPx)2 provide evidence for the electronic nematic ordering below a characteristic temperature T*. High-resolution crystal-structure analysis by using synchrotron X-ray reveals small but finite orhthorhobic distortionbelow T* and the orthorhombicity shows a big jump at a lower temperature Ts. The results imply an electronic origin of rotational symmetry breaking, whose relation to superconductivityis discussed.

著者

登本 洋子 高橋 純

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育工学会

雑誌

日本教育工学会論文誌 (ISSN:13498290)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.45026, (Released:2021-08-24)

参考文献数

18

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学校も社会と同様にDXが求められている.2019年12月にGIGAスクール構想が示され,児童生徒一人に1台の情報端末が整備されようとしているが,これまでのICT機器に対する意識や経験の差などから,1人1台の情報端末が学習で活用されるものになるのか懸念がある.本研究ではICT環境の整備やICT活用に対する教員の期待や懸念を明らかにするために,児童生徒1人1台の情報端末の活用に対する初等中等教育の教員の意識を調査した.結果,1人1台の情報端末の活用は進んでおらず,情報端末は学びに役立つと期待がある一方,ICT環境の整備や児童生徒の心身の健康に対する不安も低くない.ICT機器を学習で活用し,児童生徒の生活を向上させるためには,まずはICT環境を整備し,ICT活用に対する理解を深め,児童生徒の心身への影響やトラブルに対する不安を解消していく必要がある.

著者

吉田 幸司 岡室 博之

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.4, pp.3-26, 2016 (Released:2018-03-30)

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Using longitudinal micro data for Mitsubishi Shipbuilding employees from 1918 to 1946, this paper quantitatively analyzes the promotion and selection process for white-collar workers during the prewar period. Previous studies on the postwar period have mostly examined this career pattern quantitatively, while historical studies focusing on the prewar period are mostly qualitative. Moreover, even the few quantitative studies on the prewar period do not employ such methods as career trees and event history analysis, which are generally used in the studies focusing on the postwar period. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to investigate the career pattern of white-collar employees in prewar Japan in a quantitative way comparable with studies focusing on postwar Japan.We target two cohorts of white-collar workers—those who joined Mitsubishi Shipbuilding in 1918 and 1921—and track their careers (section and position) until 1946 by matching three internal data sources, including lists of personnel. We first draw up the career trees of new white-collar employees in both cohorts to illustrate the characteristics of their career patterns. Next, we employ event history analysis to test the differences in the career patterns between sub-groups, such as clerks and engineers. Finally, we estimate a logit model to determine the factors of their “survival” until 1939. We find that (1) the speed of promotion differs considerably across white-collar workers in the same cohort, (2) “return match” is observed not only in promotion to section manager positions but also in promotion to division manager positions, (3) despite a high ratio of resignation, most remaining white-collar workers are promoted to division managers, and (4) engineers are more likely than clerks to stay with the company for more than 20 years. Findings (1) to (3) are common to the career patterns of white-collar workers in the prewar core banks of Zaibatsu groups but contrast with those of large postwar firms.

著者

鶴崎 裕雄

出版者

中世文学会

雑誌

中世文学 (ISSN:05782376)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, pp.84-91, 1989 (Released:2018-02-09)

著者

川人 光男

出版者

公益社団法人 計測自動制御学会

雑誌

計測と制御 (ISSN:04534662)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.4, pp.296-303, 1994-04-10 (Released:2009-11-26)

参考文献数

31

著者

河野 通長

出版者

公益社団法人 計測自動制御学会

雑誌

計測と制御 (ISSN:04534662)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.106-111, 2018-02-10 (Released:2018-02-20)

参考文献数

13