著者
瀬戸 奏音 小川 景子
出版者
日本認知心理学会
雑誌
日本認知心理学会発表論文集 日本認知心理学会第15回大会
巻号頁・発行日
pp.95, 2017 (Released:2017-10-16)

夢とは全ての人において睡眠中毎晩生成されている現象である.しかし,夢内容の生成起序や規定要因について,未だ一定の知見は得られていない.不快な夢内容に関する先行研究では,精神疾患との強い関連が報告されている一方で,健常者を対象とした研究は少ない.さらに,夢内容の生成に関する主観的な要因について,個人特性に着目した研究が多い一方で,日中および就床前の気分の影響を検討した研究は少ない.本研究では,健常大学生を対象に,自宅での夢聴取により個人特性と就床前の気分が夢内容に影響する様子を検討した. マルチレベル相関分析により有意な相関が認められた項目について,マルチレベル構造方程式モデリングを用いた媒介分析を行った.その結果,STAIの特性不安,状態不安と夢のネガティブ情動因子得点に関して,特性不安は夢のネガティブ情動因子に対して,状態不安を媒介することで不快な夢内容へ影響することが示された.
著者
滝口 沙也加 清野 誠喜
出版者
東北農業経済学会
雑誌
農村経済研究 (ISSN:2187297X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.2, pp.56-63, 2011-12-01 (Released:2013-01-28)
参考文献数
15

This study was undertaken to identify the perceptions of male college students in their 20s about dessert products sold at convenience stores. The study elicited the following two findings. First, four "roles" are served by dessert products. Convenience store desserts can be consumed as a "snack for one" that allows a young man to eat freely while moving from one place to another. Another role served by such a dessert is "fun food", which fulfills a young man's desire to eat fancy sweets with his girlfriend on a date. Meanwhile, desserts alone satisfy such roles as a "time spending tool" that facilitates casual conversations with male friends and as "confectionery to explore", which are premium desserts that a young man cannot normally afford but wishes to eat with his girlfriend. The second finding is the direction of the product planning for convenience store desserts. The future development of a "fun food" might be anticipated. More specifically, improving the dessert display while maintaining "affordable prices" and "reduced fear of calories", which are strengths of convenience store desserts, will be necessary in the future.
著者
小野 高志 藤井 均
出版者
The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine
雑誌
体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.1, pp.87-94, 2013-02-01 (Released:2013-02-14)
参考文献数
27
被引用文献数
1

Hamstring muscles form a multi-articular muscle group that crosses the hip and knee joints. It has been said that the imbalance in the hamstrings:quadriceps strength ratio (H:Q ratio) due to weaker hamstring muscles results in an increased susceptibility to hamstring strains and anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Four different hamstrings trainings, Hip Lift (HL), Single-leg Deadlift (DL), Leg Curl (LC), and Nordic Hamstrings (NH), were conducted and compared in the effect on conventional H:Q ratio. After the training of two months, significant increase of hip extension torque and H:Q ratios in the hip joint were found in the DL group, and significant increase of knee flexion torque and H:Q ratios in the knee joint were found in the LC group (P < 0.05). As a conclusion, DL and LC training could be practical for hamstrings injury prevention.
著者
佐藤 俊樹
出版者
数理社会学会
雑誌
理論と方法 (ISSN:09131442)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.3, no.2, pp.2_151-2_170, 1988-10-09 (Released:2009-03-06)
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
1

理解社会学という方法は,社会学の最も古典的な方法の一つで,かつ,現在でも多くの社会学者が意識的または無意識的に用いている方法である。にもかかわらず,この方法はこれまで,理解をめぐる哲学的議論や学説史的な視点からのみ問題にされ,具体的な社会記述の方法として反省的に定式化され理論的に検討されることは,ほとんどなかった。本論考ではまず,理解社会学の方法を,Weber固有のジャーゴンを離れ,行為論の一般的な術語を用いて,公理系として捉える。そして,この公理系の検討を通して,通常全く自然な作業と思われている「理解社会学的に理解している」ということが実際にはどういうことなのか,その射程と限界について明らかにする。
著者
新倉 貴仁
出版者
日本社会学会
雑誌
社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.3, pp.583-599, 2008-12-31 (Released:2010-04-01)
参考文献数
41
被引用文献数
2 1 3

本稿は,ナショナリズム研究において提起されている構築主義的アプローチの批判的検討を通じ,その射程を描き出すことをめざすものである.近年,ナショナリズム研究において,従来の近代主義と歴史主義の相克を乗り越える為に,構築主義的アプローチが提起されている.これは,国民国家批判に代表されるような政治的構築主義としてではなく,方法論的構築主義の立場から再検討される必要がある.この企図のため,本稿はベネディクト・アンダーソンのナショナリズム論を再構成していく.アンダーソンは,「想像の共同体」という語に示されるように,ナショナリズムに対する構築主義的説明を行っている.だが,他方で彼は,「なぜ人はネーションのために死ぬのか」という問題をナショナリズムの中心的な問いに位置づける.すなわち,構築をめぐる知の問題系と,構築主義に突きつけられる死の問題系が,アンダーソンの議論には共存している.この理論的意義を検討することを通じ,以下の3点を示す.第1に,アンダーソンの議論は,その主張以上に,観察可能な言説を対象とする点で方法論的構築主義に位置している.第2に,ナショナリズムは,構築の外部を排除しつつも内部へと包含するような構造を有している.そして,第3に,ナショナリズムにおける構築主義の理論的賭け金は,構築の外部を補足することの失敗自体を記述していくことにある.
著者
松本 佳代子 福島 紀子 小林 静子 津谷 喜一郎
出版者
一般社団法人 日本薬剤疫学会
雑誌
薬剤疫学 (ISSN:13420445)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.4, no.1, pp.47-57, 1999-05-31 (Released:2011-02-28)
参考文献数
14
被引用文献数
1 1

Objectives : High and medium-dose combination hormone agents have long been used in their off-label use as oral contraceptives. Oral contraceptives (the low-dose pill) are expected to be approved by the standing committee of the Central Pharmaceutical Affairs Council in June 1999, and are expected to be on the market by autumn, available to anyone bearing a doctor's prescription. A survey was conducted of pharmacy students to determine their acceptance and their perceptions of oral contraceptives (the low-dose pill). The results are discussed along with ways of dealing with the scientific information on the possible soon to be approved oral contraceptives (the low-dose pill), and some proposals are made for the future.Methods : The survey was conducted by distributing questionnaire sheets to female pharmacy college students in September 1996. Of the 670 subjects, 98 responded positively to the use of oral contraceptives (the positive group), while 572 preferred not to use them (the negative group). The two groups were compared and the data was analyzed. Mantel-Haenszel test was used to evaluate demographic and background data, their views on using oral contraceptives (the low-dose pill) and ways of obtaining necessary information.Results : In the responses to the questions on how the subjects feel about oral contraceptives (the low-dose pill), the positive group gave these reasons more frequently than those in the negative group : simple to use (p<0.001), a method with a high contraceptive rate (p<0.001), a means of contraception controlled by the woman (p<0.001). On the other hand, the reasons given more frequently by the negative group : feeling concerned about adverse drug reactions (p<0.001), a method allowing sexually transmitted diseases to propagate (p=0.009), a method increasing the burden on the woman (p<0.001).In terms of the subjects' knowledge of oral contraceptives (the low-dose pill), although there has been some improvement observed during their four-year college life, they did not seen to understand accurate information.Conclusion : The surveyed subjects had not understood accurate information, and this lack of knowledge may have formed their biased views on oral contraceptives (the low-dose pill). Given such results, it is anticipated that such misconceptions may affect their own decision-making in their use of the drug, and that it would cause inefficiency in providing future users with accurate information when these students become pharmacists. In the near future, there is expected to be a deluge of information concerning the low-dose pill. It is clearly necessary in pharmaceutical education to provide proper training of pharmacy students for self-education so as to increase efficiency when considering and evaluating information.
著者
平元 逹也
出版者
日本ファイナンス学会 MPTフォーラム
雑誌
現代ファイナンス (ISSN:24334464)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, pp.31-55, 2002-09-30 (Released:2018-12-07)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
2

本研究では,日本企業を対象に,比較可能な専業企業のポートフォリオから求めた多角化企業の理論上の企業価値と実際の価値との比較によって,多角化による企業価値への影響を検証した.分析結果から,多角化による企業価値の破壊が確認された.多角化の辿展により価値破壊は増大し,関連事業への多角化も非関辿事業への多角化と同様に企業価値の破壊をもたらすことが確認された.企業の多角化は経営者の専門性の低下,経常資源の分散などによるマイナスの影響を引き起こし,多角化の進展はその影響を強めると考えられる.関連事業への多角化は,事業間のシナジー効果が期待できるが,関連事業であるがゆえの事業間のコンフリクト,重複投資による非効率性などにより企業価値にはマイナスの影響を与えると考えられる.また,ガバナンス構造との分析では,メインバンクは債権者の立場から,多角化に対してもモニタリング機能を果たしているという示唆が得られた.
著者
諸岡 晴美 河上 朋子 諸岡 英雄
出版者
社団法人 繊維学会
雑誌
繊維学会誌 (ISSN:00379875)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, no.12, pp.325-331, 2009 (Released:2010-02-02)
被引用文献数
4 5

This study aims to obtain some guidelines for designing school bags that will reduce the body load. We analyzed school bag factors that affect shoulder strap pressure in terms of the shape of strap, its cramp and waist belt. Waist belts are not used usually in school bag design. However we thought that it would be useful for reducing the body load. Seven pupils were used as test subjects. The strap pressure of the shoulder part of the curved strap was lower than that of the straight strap. But the maximum pressure and standard deviation of the curved strap were larger than that of the straight strap. The curved strap was dependent on subject's body size. An important factor was the shape of the curve. The strap pressure of the pivoting cramp was lower than that of the fixed one. Therefore, it was shown that the pivoting cramp reduced the body load. The strap pressure of school bag with waist belt tended to reduce the body load. But the effectiveness of some waist belts were dependent on the subject's height. In particular, the waist belt with the soft and wide pad didn't fit some tall subjects. It was suggested that the change in the height of one's waist due to growth was the most important factor.
著者
佐々木 万丈 渋倉 崇行 今薗 由望
出版者
日本スポーツ心理学会
雑誌
スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.1, pp.23-34, 2015-03-31 (Released:2015-08-02)
参考文献数
32
被引用文献数
1

The purpose of this study was to investigate cognitive appraisal of menstruation and menstrual symptoms (MMS) by female athletes in the competitive sports context, and to examine the relationships among the women’s cognitive appraisal of MMS, their interpersonal stress experiences in that environment, and their sports competitive trait anxiety. Female college athletes (n=188) aged 18 to 23 years (m=19.81, sd=1.32) completed three questionnaires: one consisting of cognitive appraisal questions created for this study; another made up of interpersonal stressor questions which they were asked to answer while competing during MMS; and a third relating to the trait anxiety scale for sports (Hashimoto et al., 1986). Factor analysis revealed two cognitive appraisal themes, “threat” and “controllability”, related to both menstruation and menstrual symptoms. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed that the athletes experienced social stress in the competitive environment during MMS, strongly recognized “threat”, and felt it was difficult to handle MMS. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the athletes who showed high levels of cognitive anxiety about losing tended to recognize MMS as a threat to their performance. The results suggest that cognitive appraisal of MMS by female athletes is associated with interpersonal stress and is influenced by sports competitive trait anxiety.
著者
甲野 佑 田中 一樹 奥村 純
出版者
一般社団法人 人工知能学会
雑誌
人工知能学会全国大会論文集 第32回全国大会(2018)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.1Z302, 2018 (Released:2018-07-30)

高次な意思決定課題では発見により行動選択肢が無際限に拡張されうる.その場合,行動の特徴表現の自律的な獲得が重要になる.そこで本研究では状態遷移軌跡から行動表現を有限長のベクトルに埋め込み,強化学習に活用する学習フレームを提案する.具体的にはカードとボードゲームの要素を併せ持つ“逆転オセロニア”を例に,拡張されうる行動要素であるキャラクターの表現を暗黙的に獲得し,戦術の学習時に転用できる事を示す
著者
鳴尾 茉樹
出版者
地理科学学会
雑誌
地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.63, no.2, pp.66-79, 2008-04-28 (Released:2017-04-15)
参考文献数
8
被引用文献数
2

This paper aims to clarify the development process of a public skateboarding park in Himeji city. In 1999, the delinquent behavior of youths became a social problem in Himeji city, and the youths would often gather at a spot around Himeji station. Since skateboarding-on and around the central shopping street-was also viewed as a problem, the police would reprimand the skateboarders. A young woman "A" hoped for a solution for the conflict between the skateboarders and the police. She began a signature campaign on the street for the development of a skateboarding park. A group of high school students and several skateboarders joined her movement; they established a group named "sports park-wo-tukuroukai" and made a petition with over 10,000 signatures to the Himeji city council through an alderperson of the Communist Party. Initially, the council rejected this petition; however, a Diet member of the Liberal Democratic Party supported the "sports park-wo-tukuroukai" in order to win the Lower House election. Subsequently, the council considered the petition. At the same time, a "kitaizoku-regulation" was placed by the city executives. This regulation aimed to put an end to the delinquent behavior of the youths around Himeji station. Since the council required the executives to finance the skateboarding park, this regulation was accepted. The city executives agreed to this request, and both the regulation and the budgeting of the park were accepted by the council. In 2001, the municipal administration set up a skateboarding park in the public area reserved for the construction of the hall within a duration of two years. As is evident from above, the youths' petition was used as a political tactic. However, at the moment, the skateboarding park still exists in this place because the public hall construction was terminated and the plan was rejected by the present mayor, owing to the financial crisis faced by the city. In the meantime, the skateboarding park is being utilized by many people, and now, it has become one of the important places for skateboarders in Himeji city. It is not exactly known how long such a situation will persist. Well, we could say that the youths' hope led to the establishment of the skateboarders' whereabouts in Himeji city.
著者
前川 喜久雄 北川 智利
出版者
日本認知科学会
雑誌
認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, no.1, pp.46-66, 2002-03-01 (Released:2008-10-03)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
6

Transmission of paralinguistic information (speaker's attitude or intention, PI here-after) was examined by means of phonetic experiments. The two basic issues examined were a) how does PI influence the speech signal? and b) how do listeners perceive PI? Utterances of six selected PI types—‘Admiration’, ‘Suspicion’, ‘Disappointment’, ‘Indifference’, ‘Focused (or raised vocal effort)’ and ‘Neutral’— were elicited from 3 speakers of standard Japanese and analyzed acoustically. Results of acoustic analyses revealed significant influence of PI on all acoustic parameters, i.e., fundamental frequency, duration, amplitude, and frequency spectrum. Moreover, multiple regression analyses showed highly significant correlation between the acoustic measures and the three-dimensional perceptual space of PI, which was constructed by means of an MDS analysis of confusion data. All experimental results obtained in this study suggest unanimously that PI can be accurately transmitted by speakers to listeners. Another important finding was the local nature of PI: PI's influence was observed often as the phonetic perturbation of phonological features like phrase-initial pitch rise, phrase-final pitch movement, and lexical accent. The local nature of PI is clearly different from the more global phonetic effects due to non-linguistic information, such as speaker's emotion.
著者
山中 すみへ 田中 界治 田中 久雄 西村 正雄
出版者
Japanese Society for Oral Health
雑誌
口腔衛生学会雑誌 (ISSN:00232831)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, no.4, pp.307-313, 1977 (Released:2010-03-02)
参考文献数
31

歯科診療においてアマルガムは重要な充填材料であるが, アマルガム使用による水銀の環境汚染が新たな問題となってきた。とくに最近, 河川や魚介類の水銀汚染が社会問題になり, 排水基準も5ppb以下に規制されるようになった。そこで, 歯科診療における各ステップの排水や排水口のスラッジ, 周辺の土壌などの水銀濃度を分析して, 歯科診療による水銀の排出, 環境への汚染の実態を調べた。バキューム管で吸引され。汚物水, うがい水, ユニット直下の排水, そして歯科診療所の最終排水と大量の流水に希釈されるに従って排水中水銀濃度が減少しているが, 排水を通じての水銀の放出は決して少なくはないことが明らかとなった。とくに最終排水中水銀濃度は平均値で11.3ppbであり, ほとんどの歯科診療所は現在の排水基準値の5ppbを上まわっていた。また歯科診療所周辺の土壌中にも比較的高い水銀濃度を認め, さらに排水口のスラッジでは10600ppmと非常に高く排水中の水銀を濃縮していることを示した。以上のことから歯科診療から排出された無機水銀は, メチル水銀に変換する危険性が余りないとはいえ, 排水を通じて環境への水銀汚染は, 土壌やスラッジヘの蓄積によりかなり高濃度となっていることが明らかとなったので, 対策の必要性を改めて確認した。