著者

HIROSHI OHARA

出版者

Japanese Society of Tropical Medicine

雑誌

Tropical Medicine and Health (ISSN:13488945)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.235-240, 2004 (Released:2004-11-12)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

9 11

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) has rapidly spread and caused epidemics in many countries. During these epidemics, the Japanese government contributed to SARS control by dispatching medical teams. In the present article, the author reviews and discusses the process of control of the SARS outbreak based on experiences in activities to support SARS control in Vietnam and China.Vietnam succeeded in the effective control of SARS for the first time in the world. This was accomplished by complete isolation of patients and implementation of nosocomial infection control from an early stage of epidemic, etc. In China, due to inadequate response in the early stage, nosocomial infection occurred frequently and the disease quickly spread. However, later, effective actions were taken under the strong direction of the government, and the disease was finally put under control. The Japan Medical Team for Disaster Relief dispatched by the government of Japan to Hanoi, Vietnam and Beijing, China offered cooperative activities for the prevention of nosocomial infection and respiratory management. In addition, the Medical Aid Team sent to Guangdong Province in China provided guidance to the local Japanese residents to prevent the infection of SARS and to alleviate anxiety about the disease. In the control of SARS, it is essential to take adequate actions from an early stage in the development of the disease. For this purpose, rather than starting measures for the control of nosocomial infection after the eruption of the disease, it is important to train medical staff on a routine basis, to establish a nosocomial infection control system, and to consolidate basic preventive practices.

著者

添島 克駿 山口 暢彦

出版者

日本知能情報ファジィ学会

雑誌

日本知能情報ファジィ学会 ファジィ システム シンポジウム 講演論文集 第35回ファジィシステムシンポジウム

巻号頁・発行日

pp.386-388, 2019 (Released:2019-12-25)

著者

村山 航

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会

雑誌

教育心理学年報 (ISSN:04529650)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.118-130, 2012 (Released:2013-01-16)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

33 17

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妥当性とは曖昧な構成概念を扱う心理学にとって, もっとも重要な概念の1つである。妥当性というと「基準連関妥当性」「構成概念妥当性」「内容的妥当性」という3つのタイプがあると一般に説明されることが多い(妥当性の三位一体観)。しかし, 1980年代以降の妥当性研究では, こうした妥当性のタイプ分けは適切ではなく, 「構成概念妥当性」という考え方にすべての妥当性は収斂するという考え方が主流である(単一的な妥当性概念)。本稿の前半では, こうした妥当性概念の歴史的変遷について, 思想的な背景や近年の議論などを踏まえた解説を行った。本稿の後半では, 妥当性に関するより実践的なトピックを取り上げ, 心理測定学的な観点から議論を行った。具体的には, 1. 「内容の幅の広い項目群を用いた尺度作成」というアイディアと伝統的な心理測定学的モデルの矛盾, 2. 「個人間相関」と「個人内相関」を区別することの重要性とその関係, そして3. 心理学における「尺度の不定性」が結果の解釈などに与える影響などについて議論を行った。

著者

西村 秀一 林 宏行 浦 繁 阪田 総一郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本環境感染学会

雑誌

日本環境感染学会誌 (ISSN:1882532X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.5, pp.243-249, 2017-09-25 (Released:2018-03-25)

参考文献数

18

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低濃度二酸化塩素(ClO2)のウイルス不活化能を種々の湿度条件で検証した.ClO2は高湿度で不安定で,市販のゲルタイプ製剤では閉鎖空間で一定低濃度維持できない.そこで高湿度で低濃度ClO2環境を一定時間維持できる乾式法製剤を用いて実験した.一定室温下で低,中,高の三つの湿度条件下,生活空間でヒトが耐えうる濃度限界とされる20-30 ppbのClO2の,空中浮遊インフルエンザウイルス不活化能を調べた.各湿度,ガス濃度の閉鎖空間でウイルスを空中に放出し,一定時間ガス曝露後,一定量の空気を回収し含まれる活性ウイルス量を調べた.その結果,相対湿度30%環境では,曝露20分後の回収ウイルス量は,対照のガス非存在下と統計学的な有意差はなかった.湿度50,70%では,対照でも回収ウイルス量が放出量の約10%と2%程度まで低下した一方,ガス存在下ではそれぞれ0.3%と0.03%まで低下し,低下は統計学的に有意であった.以上,湿度50-70%環境下であれば,20-30 ppb程度の低濃度ClO2にも抗ウイルス効果はあった.だがそれは,感染管理の視点からは,患者から空間に放出され一定時間経過後残存する活性ウイルスの絶対数から見れば,湿度自体による大幅な感染リスクの減弱にやや上乗せされる程度の効果でしかない.一方湿度30%では,この程度の濃度では感染リスクの低下はほとんど望めないことが,明らかになった.

著者

柴田 芳昭 今濱 敏信 和気 敏治 関根 功 川瀬 哲也 城元 孝之 湯浅 真

出版者

Japan Society of Corrosion Engineering

雑誌

Zairyo-to-Kankyo (ISSN:09170480)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.8, pp.525-534, 1992-08-15 (Released:2009-11-25)

参考文献数

36

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The effect of tannic acid on the corrosion of mild steel in boiler systems was investigated by physicochemical methods using an autoclave and a test boiler. Tannic acid was found to be a good oxygen scavenger at pH 11 as well as hydrazine and sodium sulphite. Tannic acid inhibited corrosion of steel (i) at room temperature and atmospheric pressure and (ii) at high temperature and pressure. The maximum inhibition efficiency was about 97%. The inhibiting behavior of tannic acid at pH 7 was different from that at pH 11. At pH 7, tannic acid acted as an adsorption-type inhibitor and suppressed catholic reaction of corrosion of steel. At pH 11, tannic acid inhibited corrosion of steel not only as an effective oxygen scavenger but also an effective Schikorr reaction promoter (formation of Fe3O4). Tannic acid is believed to be an effective inhibitor in boiler systems.

著者

赤澤 吉弘 明石 愛美 阿久津 征利 三上 公志 深澤 雅彦 春日井 滋 坂本 三樹 肥塚 泉

出版者

一般社団法人 日本耳鼻咽喉科学会

雑誌

日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 (ISSN:00306622)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.118, no.3, pp.224-228, 2015-03-20 (Released:2015-04-17)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

2

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若年型喉頭乳頭腫は多発性, 再発性で難治なことがあり, 取扱いの難しい疾患である. 今回, 喉頭乳頭腫により気道狭窄を来し, 緊急気道確保を要した症例を経験した. 症例は2歳4カ月の男児で, 1歳頃から嗄声, 1歳6カ月頃から陥没呼吸を認めていた. 前医で重度喘鳴を認め, 喉頭乳頭腫による気道狭窄が疑われ, 救急搬送された. 手術室で気管切開待機のもと, 麻酔科による気管内挿管が行われた. 喉頭は腫瘍で充満し, 声門は観察できなかった. 後日, 全麻下にマイクロデブリッダーを用いて腫瘍を除去した. 病理は乳頭腫で, HPV11 が検出された. 初回手術から早期に再発傾向を示し, 半年間に4回の手術を施行したが腫瘍の制御には至っていない.

著者

Tadaaki BAN-NAI Yasuyuki MURAMATSU Satoshi YOSHIDA

出版者

Journal of Radiation Research Editorial Committee

雑誌

Journal of Radiation Research (ISSN:04493060)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.325-332, 2004 (Released:2004-08-10)

参考文献数

58

被引用文献数

13

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Mushrooms are known to accumulate radiocesium. To estimate the intake of radiocesium through the eating of mushrooms, about 30 samples belonging to 4 commonly consumed species (Lentinula edodes, Hypsizigus marmoreus, Grifola frondosa, and Tricholoma matsutake), were analyzed for 137Cs and 40K. The concentration ranges were 0.060-29 Bq kg-1 (wet wt) for 137Cs and 38-300 Bq kg-1 (wet wt) for 40K. The geometric mean concentration for 137Cs was 0.56 Bq kg-1 (wet wt), and the mean concentration for 40K was 92 Bq kg-1 (wet wt). The 137Cs concentrations in L. edodes cultivated in mushroom beds (sawdust-rice bran media) were lower than those cultivated on bed logs (natural wood with bark). The annual intake of 137Cs per person through mushrooms was calculated, by using the current analytical results and food consumption data in Japan, to be 3.1 Bq for 137Cs, which is about 28% of the total dietary intake of this nuclide. The effective dose equivalent of 137Cs through mushrooms was estimated to be 4.0 ¤ 10-8 Sv, which is about the half the value obtained in our previous study. The decrease of the 137Cs intake through mushrooms is probably related to changes in cultivation methods in recent years, from the use of bed logs to mushroom beds.

著者

ジャロシンスキー・イゴール 生井沢 寛 兵頭 俊夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本物理学会

雑誌

日本物理学会誌 (ISSN:00290181)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.7, pp.610-615, 1987-07-05 (Released:2020-04-16)

著者

Shuhei Ikeda Ayaka Hashimoto Kazuya Okuizumi

出版者

The Plankton Society of Japan, The Japanese Association of Benthology

雑誌

Plankton and Benthos Research (ISSN:18808247)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.3, pp.160-166, 2023-08-31 (Released:2023-08-31)

参考文献数

22

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This study reports an effective and simple method for culturing the comb jellyfish, Beroe cucumis. The method for breeding another comb jelly, Bolinopsis mikado, was published by Ikeda et al. (2022), in which Bolinopsis mikado was bred stably and in large numbers, and then provided as food to developing Beroe cucumis. Fertilized eggs were found in a 235-L tank two days after five parental Beroe cucumis were housed in the tank, and the parental individuals were isolated from the tank the next day. The day after the eggs were found, Beroe cucumis larvae (0.54 ± 0.04 mm long (n = 9)) were observed in the tank daily and were fed Bolinopsis mikado. The Beroe cucumis larvae were only fed Bolinopsis mikado during the early stages of development. They reached a total length of approximately 10 mm in 17 days, and by day 20, when most had grown large (approximately 12 mm and over) enough to not pass through the 3-mm perforated plates, they were moved to a 145-L display tank. Thereafter, they were reared in the same manner and were successfully propagated cumulatively for more than five generations. The greatest advantage of this culture method is that the larvae need only be fed and observed until they reach the size required for display. Therefore, stable breeding of Beroe cucumis can be achieved by feeding its larvae with Bolinopsis mikado, reducing labor and stress on the organisms from frequent water changes.

著者

東野 篤子

出版者

日本EU学会

雑誌

日本EU学会年報 (ISSN:18843123)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2004, no.24, pp.96-124,313, 2004-09-30 (Released:2010-05-21)

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This article explores how the EU reached it decision to finalise accession negotiations with 10 candidate countries at the Copenhagen European Council in December 2002. At the time of the Helsinki European Council in December 1999, there was an apparent lack of consensus on the three crucial questions concerning enlargement—‘timing’ of the conclusion of accession negotiations and the date of the accessions, with ‘how many’ candidate countries, and how to ‘finance’ enlargement. It was extremely hard to find solutions that might satisfy both the current member states and candidate countries. This article analyses when, how and why these questions were solved, and how these painful accession negotiations were able to be finalised at Copenhagen.As for the question of the ‘timing’, most of the EU member states had initially been extremely reluctant to set any specific ‘Target Date’ to conclude the negotiations, while the candidate countries had constantly been demanding the EU to present such a date. The only ‘commitment’ that the EU made at Helsinki was to indicate that it would be ‘in a position to welcome new Member States from the end of 2002’. However, it turned out that the EU had to step up its commitment by a proposal after the Commission and the French Presidency to create the ‘Road Map’, a detailed scenario to finalise the negotiations, which was endorsed in the Nice European Council in December 2000. Although creating the ‘Road Map’ and setting a ‘Target Date’ were not precisely identical, it turned out that implementing the ‘Road Map’ directed the EU almost inevitably to refer to 2002 as the EU's goal to finalise the accession negotiations with the most prepared countries. Also, the pressure from the European Parliament to set the date of the accession as 2004 had a great influence on the conclusion of the negotiations by the end of 2002.The question of ‘size’ was settled in two stages: when the EU decided to conclude the accession negotiations with the most prepared candidates by the end of 2002, the question of the size was almost automatically settled. Then, having to admit the considerable progress of the accession negotiations under the Road Map, the Laeken European Council in December 2001 named 10 countries which were likely to finalise the negotiations by the end of 2002.The finalisation of the negotiations on the chapters with budgetary implications—‘Agriculture’, ‘Regional Policy and Co-ordination of Structural Instruments’ and ‘Finance and Budgetary Provisions’—was by far the most difficult. Although the EU claimed that their common positions were agreed at the Brussels European Summit in October 2002, the candidate countries were far from being satisfied by the deal. The negotiations were therefore on the brink of collapse. However, two factors contributed the finalisation of accession negotiations with the 10 candidate countries at the Copenhagen European Council in December 2002: the Danish Presidency played a role as an honest broker to find a compromise between current member states and the candidate countries, and EU member states were ‘entrapped’ to keep their ‘commitment’ at the Laeken European Council to finalise the negotiations by the end of 2002.

著者

Yuko OCHIAI Yasumasa OTSUKA

出版者

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

雑誌

Industrial Health (ISSN:00198366)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.5, pp.436-446, 2021-11-25 (Released:2022-10-01)

被引用文献数

4

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Although an increasing number of studies on psychological safety at workplaces has been conducted in both western and eastern countries, there are few empirically validated measures in Japan. Our purpose was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the Psychological Safety Scale. Japanese workers were invited to participate in online surveys at baseline and at one-month follow-up (N=320). The Psychological Safety Scale was translated into Japanese according to international guidelines. Social support at workplace, work engagement, organization-based self-esteem, organizational justice, and job satisfaction were measured. Cronbach’s alphas and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were examined for reliability, and its validity was tested by confirmatory factor analysis and correlational analyses. The results of the survey showed that respondents were 287 at baseline and 236 at follow-up. Cronbach’s alphas of the Psychological Safety Scale were 0.91 (baseline) and 0.88 (follow-up), and ICC was 0.87. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a marginally acceptable fit. Overall, the Japanese Psychological Safety Scale had moderate to strong correlations with other scales. In conclusion, the Japanese version of the Psychological Safety Scale had acceptable levels of reliability and validity, and may be applicable for use in Japanese workers.

著者

Yi Su Yun Ling Yuyan Ma Lili Tao Qing Miao Qingfeng Shi Jue Pan Hongzhou Lu Bijie Hu

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020.03340, (Released:2020-12-18)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

4

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The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of multiple treatments, especially hydroxychloroquine, used in different disease stages of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). All consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Shanghai, China) between January 20, 2020, and April 30, 2020, were enrolled, and their clinical data were retrospectively collected. Binary logistic regression was used to screen the factors associated with disease aggravation, and multivariable analyses with the Cox proportional hazards model were used to estimate the effects of prognostic factors on the improvement time and PCR conversion days in throat swabs and stool swabs. A total of 616 patients, including 50 (8.11%) severe and 18 (2.92%) critical patients, were enrolled in our retrospective cohort study. The early use of hydroxychloroquine was a protective factor associated with disease aggravation (95% CI: 0.040-0.575, p = 0.006). Clinical improvement by 20 days was significantly different between patients with hydroxychloroquine used early and those with hydroxychloroquine not used (p = 0.016, 95% CI: 1.052-1.647). The median time to clinical improvement was 6 days in the hydroxychloroquine used early group, compared with 9 days in the without hydroxychloroquine used group and 8 days in the with hydroxychloroquine not used early group (p < 0.001). Hydroxychloroquine used early was associated with earlier PCR conversion in both throat swabs (HR = 1.558, p = 0.001) and stool swabs (HR = 1.400, p = 0.028). The use of hydroxychloroquine at an early stage is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating patients before irreversible severe respiratory complications occur. The early use of hydroxychloroquine decreased the improvement time and the duration of COVID-19 detection in throat and stool swabs.

著者

佐々木 智丈 加嶋 健司

出版者

公益社団法人 計測自動制御学会

雑誌

計測と制御 (ISSN:04534662)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.3, pp.182-188, 2019-03-10 (Released:2019-03-20)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

4

著者

高橋 幸利 松平 敬史 笠井 良修

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.106, no.8, pp.1591-1597, 2017-08-10 (Released:2018-08-10)

参考文献数

10

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ヒトパピローマウイルス(human papillomavirus:HPV)ワクチン(子宮頸がんワクチン)接種後に,日常生活が困難な状況に陥った症例が1万人あたり2名程度ある.そのような症例の中で中枢神経系関連症状を呈した32例の髄液を検討し,①Th2シフトを示唆するIL(interleukin)-4,IL-13,CD4+ T cells増加,②IL-17増加(発症後12~24カ月),③IL-8,MCP-1(monocyte chemoattractant protein-1)増加,④GluN2B,GluN1に対する自己抗体増加等が明らかとなった.

著者

中澤 俊輔

出版者

日本政治学会

雑誌

年報政治学 (ISSN:05494192)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.1_194-1_214, 2010 (Released:2016-02-24)

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This article reconsiders the mean of the Peace Preservation Law in prewar Japan's era of party cabinets.   The Ministry of Interior (MI) took a passive attitude towards new Acts and applied existing laws against extreme thought. On the other hand, the Ministry of Justice (MJ) was more active in making new regulations because it needed a legal basis for thought control. Moreover, MI was close to Kensei-kai, as MJ with Seiyu-Kai. The KATO Taka'aki cabinet - Kensei-kai and Seiyu-kai were the Government parties - mediated between two ministries.   MI tightened its guard against overseas communists. Furthermore, Prime Minister KATO hoped to inhibit propaganda by means of the treaty between Japan and Soviet Russia rather than through domestic regulations. So, the Peace Preservation Law was enacted for punishing associations, especially communists. However, the limits of this Law were quickly exposed.   The first draft of the Bill would have allowed for the punishment of changing the parliamentary system, “Seitai”. However, political parties deleted this provision because they feared it might limit party activities.

著者

川喜田 愛郎 福見 秀雄

出版者

日本ウイルス学会

雑誌

ウイルス (ISSN:00426857)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.3, pp.89a-92, 1965-06-30 (Released:2010-03-16)

著者

小林 治

出版者

杏林医学会

雑誌

杏林医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03685829)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, pp.25-30, 2014 (Released:2014-04-01)

参考文献数

54

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近年の分子生物学的研究によると,概ね宿主細胞の遺伝子損傷は癌化を誘導することが判明し,ときに感染症の関与も報告されている。発癌機構の基礎研究成果は,癌撲滅ツールとしての抗ウイルス・抗菌療法,ワクチン接種などの価値を期待させる。

著者

松前 ひろみ 神保 宇嗣 仲里 猛留 畠山 剛臣 大林 武

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本バイオインフォマティクス学会

雑誌

JSBi Bioinformatics Review (ISSN:24357022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.88-114, 2022 (Released:2022-12-21)

参考文献数

118

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本稿では、これまで独立に発展を遂げてきた次の3つの領域を組み合わせ、新しい生物学のあり方を模索する:(1)遺伝子を中心としたバイオインフォマティクス解析、(2)生態系における個体や種の情報を扱う生物多様性情報解析、(3)生物たるヒトが生み出した文化情報の解析。従来これらの分野では異なる学術体系に基づいてデータが蓄積されてきたが、近年、分類学におけるDNA情報の利用や、ヒトの文化的形質の起源や進化の研究、人新世における生物多様性の研究から、3つの分野には互いに接点が生じている。しかし、学際的なコミュニティ等を活用してもなお、技術的・概念的な溝を埋めるのは容易ではない。そこで、これら3つの分野の関わりについて、データ連携を中心に、代表的なリソース・研究事例・課題などを俯瞰し、バイオインフォマティクスの研究者を生物多様性情報や文化の情報の世界へと誘いたい。

著者

橋本 貴美子 犀川 陽子 中田 雅也

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.12, pp.1251-1260, 2006-12-01 (Released:2010-10-20)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1 3

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Hippopotamus produces colorless sweat over its entire body. The color of the sweat turns red within a few minutes and then becomes brown during a few hours by producing polymers. We isolated the unstable red and orange pigments, called hipposudoric acid and norhipposudoric acid, respectively, responsible to the red coloration of the sweat. Syntheses of these pigments were performed using the Pschorr reaction for the formation of the fluorenone core and the oxidation in the last step producing the unstable diquinone as the key steps. The tautomeric structures of the common chromophore of these pigments in a protic solvent and in an aprotic solvent were also discussed.

著者

柳田 紀之 飯倉 克人 小倉 聖剛 王 怜人 浅海 智之 佐藤 さくら 海老澤 元宏

出版者

一般社団法人 日本アレルギー学会

雑誌

アレルギー (ISSN:00214884)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.10, pp.1341-1347, 2015 (Released:2015-12-29)

参考文献数

13

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【目的】アドレナリン自己注射薬を誤射した3症例の臨床経過を検討し,報告する.  【症例1】50代女性がエピペン®0.3mgをトレーナーと間違えて自分の右大腿部に誤射した.収縮期/拡張期血圧は7分後に144/78mmHgと一過性の上昇を認め,14分後には軽快した.7分後に動悸を訴えた以外,自覚症状は注射部位の局所の痛みのみであった.  【症例2】6歳男児がエピペン®を用いて遊び,右第二指に誤射し,貫通した.貫通部位の発赤,腫脹を認めたが,保温のみで誤射80分後には軽減したため,帰宅した.【症例3】4歳女児がエピペン®を用いて遊び,右大腿に誤射した.誤射23分後に収縮期/拡張期血圧は123/70mmHgと一過性の上昇を認めたが軽快し,1時間後,帰宅した.  【考察・結語】アドレナリン自己注射薬の誤射による副反応は一過性であり,3例とも重篤な副反応は認めなかった.アドレナリン自己注射薬の誤射防止のため取り扱いには十分な注意が必要である.