著者

橋本 美彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

日本科学教育学会年会論文集 44 (ISSN:21863628)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.99-102, 2020 (Released:2020-11-27)

参考文献数

4

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本研究は,理数教師の教科間連携の必要性を明らかにするために行った.理科「密度」の授業実践と意識調査の結果から,算数・数学科と理科の学習では単位の指導に違いがあることが明らかになった。例えば,算数科「単位量あたりの大きさ」の学習では,車の燃費を比較するとき,「1Lあたり○km走る」と解答し,「○km」が単位になる.しかし,理科「密度」の学習では,「1cm3当たり○g」を「○g/cm3」という単位で表す.小学校算数科の学習で,単位(燃費○km/L,人口密度人/km2,収穫高○t/haなど)や比較の指導を行った.この教科・教師間の連携により,子どもに両教科内容の関連意識やリンゴが水に浮く理由と密度との関係の理解が深まり,子どもの問題解決能力を高める効果があることが認められた.

著者

森田 塁

出版者

日本映像学会

雑誌

映像学 (ISSN:02860279)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.106, pp.56-77, 2021-07-25 (Released:2021-08-25)

参考文献数

23

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福原信三の写真論「写真の新使命」は、彼が創刊した雑誌『写真芸術』において、1922年の4月から9回に渡って掲載されたエッセイである。これはのちに多くの写真論を書くことになる福原が、初めて明確な目的のもとに書いた文章である。従来福原の写真論は、「光と其階調」という理念を提唱したことによって知られており、写真に写す対象を光の調子に還元する彼の写真作品の様式を説明する理論として理解されてきた。こうした先行研究に基づきながらも、本稿では福原の写真論を、写真を撮影する者が撮影行為における知覚のはたらきを記述したテクストとして解釈することを提示したい。そのために「写真の新使命」の精読を行う。第1節では、福原が「写真」と「芸術」をどのように関係づけたのかを明らかにする。第2節では、彼が自身の写真芸術にとって理想と考えた撮影行為を、「写真的知覚」の形成として考察する。第3節では、カメラを手にする者が到達すべきだと考えられた「主客合一境」という概念の意味を、西田幾多郎の哲学との関係において検討する。さらに以上の考察を踏まえて、福原の撮影行為における「即興」の必然性を明らかにする。結論として、この福原の写真論が、撮影行為における知覚の重要性という普遍的な問題を探究するテクストであることを論じる。

著者

人工知能学会 [編]

出版者

人工知能学会

巻号頁・発行日

1986

著者

Yongwen Zhang Huanhuan Han Jie Lv Lanfang Chu

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.3, pp.305-313, 2023 (Released:2023-03-28)

参考文献数

29

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We prospectively analyzed the association between mobile phone usage time and the incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) among participants.We included a total of 4,371 patients with T2D among the participants. Mobile phone usage time was quantified at baseline by summing up the hours spent on mobile phone use. The types of mobile phone usage time in our study include game time, TikTok time, WeChat time, watching movies or reading time, and online shopping time. We categorized patients into four groups according to different mobile phone usage time: ≤1.5 h/day (n = 1,101), 1.6–3.5 h/day (n = 1,098), 3.6–7.5 h/day (n = 1,095), and >7.6 h/day (n = 1,077). Fundus photography was performed every year from January 2012 to January 2020. During a follow-up of 8 years, 1,119 were affected by DR, resulting in an overall incidence of 25.6%. The incidences of mild nonproliferative DR (NPDR), moderate NPDR, severe NPDR, and proliferative DR (PDR) were 10.1%, 5.1%, 5.1%, and 5.2%, respectively. In comparisons with participants in the lowest category (≤1.5 h/day), the hazard ratios (HRs) of DR were 1.19 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07, 1.31, p = 0.040) for 1.6–3.5 h/day, 1.60 (95% CI 1.40, 1.81, p < 0.001) for 3.6–7.5 h/day, and 1.85 (95% CI 1.61, 2.09, p < 0.001) for >7.6 h/day, respectively. Our results provide the general population with a feasible and practical alternative for the reduction of mobile phone use behavior time and new measures to prevent the occurrence of DR.

著者

小島 浩之 Hiroyuki Kojima

出版者

学習院大学東洋文化研究所

雑誌

東洋文化研究 = Journal of Asian cultures (ISSN:13449850)

巻号頁・発行日

no.10, pp.203-228, 2008-03-31

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This article mainly analyzes the formation process of the career path of elite bureaucrats in Tang Dynasty。 Moreover, from the viewpoint of the history of personnel policies, the Wu Zhou(武周)era in Tang Dynasty is discussed. In 698, an edict was issued, stating that the appointment of lower bureaucrats had to be based on their qualifications, when they entered officialdom. As a result, for the imperial examination, the career of successful candidates was distinguished from that of the lower classes. After three years, the Wu Zhou(武周)government determined that some posts in the bureaucratic system were to be able to be promoted to dignity early for the lower bureaucrat. This government decisionknown as Ge Pin Gui Ding(隔品規定)-constituted the support plans for candidates who were successful in the imperial examination. These successful candidates had a lower position in officialdom, and without the new policy, it was impossible for them to acquire a dignified position. Thus, the career paths of the elite bureaucrats in the Tang Dynasty were influenced by these personnel policies in the Wu Zhou (武周)era. A representative example of such career paths is the progression to Prime Minister by passing a selective examination eligible to candidates holding certain posts presented by the Ge Pin Gui Ding(隔品規定)policy. Such persona1 policies introduced by Empress Wu revealed one aspect of the security granted to successful candidates in the imperial examination.

著者

古林 賢恒 筱田 寧子

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.1-24, 2001-12-25 (Released:2017-10-17)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

2

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By using documents handed in by local peasants for permission to use guns to counter agricultural damage by wildlife and records of deer hunting, the distribution of sika deer (Cervus nippon) around the Kanto plain during Edo era was demonstrated. As a result of the analysis of 540 historical documents, (1) agricultural damage was shown to have been caused by sika deer and boar, which were driven from fields all the time, (2) agricultural damage existed in lowlands, tablelands and hills, and happened only at fields, not in forestry regions, (3) complaints to agricultural damage was concentrated especially in the "takaba" regions, (4) agricultural damage occurred continuously through out the Edo era at each place. The similarity between land-use of the area where the documents continuously existed and that of the outskirts on the area suggests that sika lived everywhere at that time.

著者

渡会 陽平

出版者

北海道教育大学

雑誌

北海道教育大学紀要. 教育科学編 (ISSN:13442554)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.303-313, 2018-02

著者

國本 雅也

出版者

日本神経治療学会

雑誌

神経治療学 (ISSN:09168443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.4, pp.432-436, 2018 (Released:2019-04-22)

参考文献数

8

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Orthostatic hypotension (OH), anhidrosis, and pupil abnormalities are clinically common autonomic symptoms. Subjective symptoms of orthostatic hypotension include lightheadedness, fainting, and pale vision. The degree of OH can be measured at the bedside in patients lying supine or standing, using a sphygmomanometer. The pathogenesis of OH can be indicated by assessing positionally related changes in blood pressure and heart rate. Anhidrosis can be indicated by measuring body temperature under warm or hot conditions. Sweating that is insufficient to compensate for increases in body temperature produces unpleasant feelings and abnormally increased body temperature. A poor ability to sweat can be estimated simply by touching dry skin and more precisely determined by generalized thermal sweating tests using the Minor method. Pupil abnormalities can be identified by close examination of the eyes under light and dark conditions. Myosis, ptosis, and anhidrosis in the affected side of a face are the triadic symptoms of Horner syndrome, in which the sympathetic tract from the upper thoracic spinal cord to the eye is disturbed. Remarkable mydriasis can be determined under conditions of light in patients with Adie syndrome, in whom the accommodation reflex remains preserved. These symptoms can be easily assessed at the bedside and should be interpreted appropriately to solve clinical problems associated with the autonomic nervous system.

著者

時任 静士 熊木 大介

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.5, pp.242-248, 2007-05-10 (Released:2007-06-03)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 1

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Insulator-semiconductor and electrode-semiconductor interfaces are crucial to the performance of organic thin-film transistors (TFTs). This paper reviews how to control the interfaces for improving the performance of p-type and n-type organic TFTs and p-type polymer TFTs. In particular, modifying the gate insulator surface by using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is our main focus. Changes in the water contact angle and surface energy by forming SAMs on the gate insulator surface are shown, and the TFT performance in the organic semiconductor layers grown on the modified surfaces is presented. Crystal growth of the organic semiconductors and charge trap sites on the gate insulator surface are discussed. They explain the improved TFT performance such as field effect mobility and current on/off ratio.

著者

吉田 直人 家澤 雅宏 西脇 和弘 髙橋 正樹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.862, pp.17-00583, 2018 (Released:2018-06-25)

参考文献数

13

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In recent years, an automatic collision avoidance system has been put into practical use by various automotive companies. In this study, we propose an automatic collision avoidance system for a four-wheel independent drive vehicle using the state-dependent Riccati equation. By designing the state-dependent weighting functions, a control gain is automatically determined, based on the relative relationship with a preceding vehicle and the system can properly perform automatic braking and automatic steering. Moreover, by updating the state-dependent linear representation obtained from a nonlinear vehicle model in each control cycle, we design a control system in consideration of a change in vehicle dynamics due to vehicle velocity. Therefore, this study verifies the effectiveness of the automatic collision avoidance system using the state-dependent Riccati equation. We compare the performance of the proposed method with constant weight cases. The simulation results show that the proposed method can automatically adjust the control gain and properly avoid a collision by braking and steering to change the relative relationship with a preceding vehicle.

著者

木山 実 Minoru Kiyama

雑誌

商学論究 (ISSN:02872552)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.3, pp.321-345, 2017-01-10

著者

柳澤 健

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

理学療法科学 (ISSN:13411667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.3, pp.105-110, 2000 (Released:2007-03-29)

参考文献数

10

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痛みに対する物理療法でしばしば使用される超音波療法および電気刺激療法の機器の原理・特性,治療方法などについて最近の知見を含めて概説した。超音波療法では周波数の相違,強度,ビーム不均等率(BNR),キャビテーション,治療面積,導子移動速度についてふれ,電気刺激療法では経皮的電気刺激療法(TENS)及び干渉波療法の機器の原理・特性や痛みの抑制に対する根拠などについて概説した。

著者

三宅 芳夫

出版者

比較経済体制学会

雑誌

比較経済研究 (ISSN:18805647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.1_9-1_17, 2017 (Released:2017-05-17)

参考文献数

25

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本稿は,I.ウォーラーステインやG.アリギなどの「世界システム」論のアプローチを批判的に援用しながら,「長期」の時間的スケールにおいて「自由主義」と「民主主義」の提携レジームを考察する.その際,20世紀の「30年戦争 1914-1945」における「自由主義」と「民主主義」の「歴史的妥協」,そして1970年代以降の「新自由主義グローバリズム」的再編の下での「妥協」の解体,という論点を強調する.

著者

浜 治世

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.1-9, 1965 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

3 1

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The first aim of the study was to examine what sort of effect prior exposure to conflict has on succeeding performance in a weak conflict situation, Dynamogenic and competing response hypotheses were used to predict the performance of subjects in the subsequent conflict situation. The dynamogenic view asserts that conflict generates a drive, thus the effect of conflict training is to facilitate the subsequent performance, reducing the reaction time in post-conflict situation. According to the competing response view, conflict training leads to learning of specific conflict responses, which are generalized to postconflict performance, with the resulting inhibition of performance, or the increase of reaction time. Three groups of normal subjects were run under three ssuccesive phases of experiment. First, all the groups were exposed to a low conflict situation. Following this, each of the groups was given different degree of conflict training, such as high, moderate, or low. Finally, all the groups were again exposed to the original low conflict situation. The comparison of the conflict effect between normal and abnormal subjects, which was the second aim of this study, was performed by running groups of neurotic and schizophrenic subjects under the same conditions as above.The modified Stroops's Color-Word Test cards were used for inducing different degrees of conflict, designated respectively as the high conflict card (HC), the moderate conflict card (MC) and the low conflict card (LC). On these conflict cards the color names were printed in colors. The HC card had no word printed in the corresponding color, while the LC card had all the words printed in the corresponding colors, and the MC card had printed words not corresponding to the colors, but in colors suggesting the same hind of color. The subject was instructed to identify the color of each stimulus irrespective of the color designation. The author hypothesized that the conflict induced by the experiment was a type of approach-approach conflict between two response tendencies; the approach toward reading the word which was motivated by cultural and verbal habit and the other approach toward the color itself which was motivated by the instructions. The reaction time (1/RT×1000) for each conflict card was used as a measure of conflict.The findings are shown in Tables 1 to 6 and Figures 1 to 3. The results indicate that the effect of strong and moderate conflict training led to significant retardation of the reaction time in the postconflict performance for all groups. This fact supports the competing response view, but also has implications for the dynamogenic view.

著者

齋藤 宏文 水野 貴秀

出版者

一般社団法人 日本航空宇宙学会

雑誌

日本航空宇宙学会誌 (ISSN:00214663)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.651, pp.88-96, 2008-04-05 (Released:2019-04-22)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

3

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This review describes the on-orbit results and the lessons-learned of the small scientific satellite“INDEX”(Reimei) for aurora observations and demonstrations of advanced satellite technologies. INDEX is a small satellite with 72 kgmass, and is provided with three-axis attitude control capabilities for aurora observations. INDEX was launched into a nearlysun synchronous orbit on Aug. 23rd, 2005 (UT) from Baikonur, Kazakhstan by Dnepr rocket. The INDEX satellite has beenworking satisfactorily on orbit for 29 months as of January, 2008. Three axis control is achieved with an accuracy of 0.05 deg(la). INDEX indicates that even a small satellite launched as a piggy-back can successfully perform unique scientific missions.Reimei brings a dawn of advanced small satellites. This review concludes the perspective views for small satellites.

著者

田中 國介

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

日本農芸化学会誌 (ISSN:00021407)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, pp.39-47, 1982 (Released:2008-11-21)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

2 3

著者

三品 純

出版者

白馬社

雑誌

宗教問題

巻号頁・発行日

no.30, pp.106-110, 2020

著者

欧陽 珊珊

出版者

立命館大学大学院先端総合学術研究科

雑誌

Core Ethics : コア・エシックス (ISSN:18800467)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.193-195, 2023

著者

横島 公司 ヨコシマ コウジ Kouji Yokoshima

雑誌

史苑

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.2, pp.210-224, 2010-03-19

著者

三宅 秀和 Miyake Hidekazu 出光 佐千子 江口 恒明 太田(佐藤) 香里 大月 千冬 尾本 師子 鎌田 純子 喜多 央子 武田 庸二郎 福田 道宏 藤元 裕二 山本 ゆかり

出版者

群馬県立女子大学

雑誌

群馬県立女子大学紀要 (ISSN:02859432)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.81-111, 2023-02-28