著者

星野 雅和

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.67, 2023 (Released:2023-11-04)

参考文献数

49

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多くの褐藻類の生活環には有性生殖の経路(接合と減数分裂)に加えて、配偶子の単為発生や栄養生殖などの無性的経路が報告されている。しかし、これらの無性的経路の多くは培養下での観察に基づいて報告されたものであり、野外集団における重要性や適応的意義についてはわかっていないことも多い。本稿では、いくつかの褐藻類における生活環・生活史研究について解説しながら、それらの生活環に見られる無性的経路がそれぞれの種・集団の繁殖や分布域、有性生殖・世代交代の維持にどのような影響を与えているのかを概説する。

著者

花尻(木倉) 瑠理 丸山 卓郎 宮下 聡徳 合田 幸広

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.129, no.8, pp.975-982, 2009-08-01 (Released:2009-08-01)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

11 12

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Voacanga africana (Apocynaceae) is a small tropical African tree. The root bark and seeds of this tree contain a number of alkaloids, including ibogaine (a hallucinogenic/aphrodisiac compound in bark), tabersonine (a major constituteent of seeds) and other voacanga alkaloids, traditionally used in Africa for religious purposes. Recently, some kinds of products containing this plant (root bark and seeds) have been distributed in the drug market in expectation of its hallucinogenic/aphrodisiac effects. There has been no report that has discussed quantitative analyses of these alkaloids in the products and their botanical origins. In this study, to investigate the trend of such a non-controlled psychotropic plant of abuse, a simultaneous analytical method was developed using LC/MS for the voacanga alkaloids including ibogaine and tabersonine in the commercial products of V. africana. Moreover, the botanical origins of these products were investigated by DNA analyses. As a result of the LC/MS analyses, the products were classified into two chemical types; an ibogaine-type and a tabersonine-type. The samples of the ibogaine-type contain ibogaine (0.05-0.6%) and other voacanga alkaloids; voacamine, voacamidine and voacangine, while those of the tabersonine-type mainly contain tabersonine (0.6-1.6%). The sequence analyses of chloroplast DNA, trnL-F region suggested that most of the products were derived from V. africana or closely related plants. They were classified into four genotypes based on nucleotide sequence of the trnL-F IGS region. The proposed methods of chemical and DNA analyses would be useful for investigating the trend in the distribution of the products of V. africana.

著者

Hiroaki Furuta Katsuhiro Mizuno Kei Unai Hiroki Ebata Keita Yamauchi Michiko Watanabe

出版者

The Japanese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine

雑誌

Progress in Rehabilitation Medicine (ISSN:24321354)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.20230039, 2023 (Released:2023-11-07)

参考文献数

33

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Objectives: This study investigated the transition patterns of activities of daily living (ADL) status based on the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) motor and cognitive items in patients who experienced subacute stroke.Methods: In this single-site, retrospective investigation, 1592 FIM samples were collected during the hospitalization of 373 stroke patients who were admitted between April 2018 and March 2020. FIM item levels were transformed from seven to three (FIM1–2, Complete Dependence; FIM3–5, Modified Dependence; FIM6-7, Independence). FIM samples were classified by latent class modeling into six latent ADL states based on the independence levels of FIM motor and cognitive items. We created an ADL status transition diagram based on the FIM sample’s probability of belonging to each status at different hospitalization timepoints.Results: Transition diagrams for each ADL status at admission revealed distinct patterns. In two ADL statuses for which patients required full assistance in FIM motor items, the patients remained motor-dependent without achieving independence on discharge. In contrast, patients in transition from the other four ADL statuses largely achieved independence in motor items by the time of discharge. The time required to reach higher ADL status varied according to the initial ADL status at admission; the slowest improvement was observed in statuses initially classified as needing the most assistance, whereas many patients achieved transition within 3 months from admission.Conclusions: Based on the characteristics of patient ADL status and timing of its changes, the classification of ADL status and visualization of ADL transition can contribute to improved treatment.

著者

森田 琢雅 溝上 章志 中村 嘉明

出版者

公益社団法人 土木学会

雑誌

土木学会論文集D3(土木計画学) (ISSN:21856540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.5, pp.I_993-I_1001, 2017 (Released:2017-12-27)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1 1

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近年,地方では公共交通利用者数の減少による事業者の赤字経営が問題となっている.また多くの利用がある都市部の公共交通でも,渋滞緩和や乗換の待ち時間調整などの課題は尽きない.より正確で詳細な公共交通の利用実態の把握,問題の原因発見や運行の見直しが必要とされている.本研究では熊本市電を対象に,ICカードデータを利用して,利用者特性分析と実績ダイヤの作成・分析を行った,具体的には,クラスター分析による利用者の分類と定期券購入前後での利用変動の分析,ダイヤ編成支援システムとの結合による実績ダイヤの作成,問題点の考察を行った.

著者

福家 洋子 大石 芳江 岩下 恵子 小野 晴寛 篠原 和毅

出版者

Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology

雑誌

日本食品工業学会誌 (ISSN:00290394)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.10, pp.709-711, 1994-10-15 (Released:2011-02-17)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

3 7

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沢わさびの水抽出画分は,胃がん細胞MKN-28の細胞増殖を著しく抑制することを見いだした.活性成分は,限外ろ過による分子量分別の結果,分子量5000以下の成分であり,わさび中に存在する酵素および辛味前駆物質(シニグリン)辛味成分ではないことが確認された.また活性は90℃, 10minの加熱条件によってもほとんど影響を受けず安定な成分であることが確認された.

著者

Chairat Techavuthiporn Amnat Jarerat Chonlada Singhkai Hataitip Nimitkeatkai

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.QH-092, (Released:2023-11-02)

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The effects of UV-C treatment on physicochemical quality, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) during storage were investigated. Okra pods were exposed to UV-C irradiation dose at 1.5, 3.0 or 6.0 kJ·m−2 before storage at 10 ± 2°C for 12 days. The results showed that UV-C treatment had a significant effect on okra bioactive compounds, such as ascorbic acid, total phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity. The highest values of these compounds were observed in okra treated with 6.0 kJ·m−2 UV-C irradiation. A statistical analysis of the data demonstrated that mucilage had a favorable association with antioxidant capabilities and bioactive substances in response to UV-C treatment. Moreover, UV-C treatment also effectively maintained the quality of okra during storage, as evidenced by lower weight loss and higher firmness without incidence of decay. Therefore, postharvest UV-C treatment can be a potential approach to enhance bioactive compounds and maintain the quality of okra during storage.

著者

Toshihiko Sugiura Makoto Takeuchi Takuya Kobayashi Yuta Omine Itaru Yonaha Shohei Konno Moriyuki Shoda

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.QH-085, (Released:2023-11-02)

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The growing-degree-days (GDD) model for pineapple was developed to predict flowering and harvest dates; however, it has not been adapted to the climate in Japan’s growing regions, where air temperatures fluctuate over a wide range, and the prediction accuracy is low. The present study aimed to develop models for predicting flowering and harvest dates with high accuracy by analyzing a large phenological dataset from Japan’s main (Nago) and warmer (Ishigaki) production areas. The number of days between budding and flowering decreased at air temperatures of up to approximately 25°C and remained constant above 25°C. The number of days between flowering and harvest decreased until approximately 23°C. The effect of day length on both days to flowering and harvest was small. The relationship between air temperature and the developmental rate after budding to flowering and after flowering to harvest was modeled using the GDD and exponential function models, both with upper limits. The GDD model with an upper limit temperature was more accurate at predicting flowering and harvest dates compared to the conventional GDD model. In particular, the prediction accuracy of the harvest date was dramatically improved. Because the relationship between the developmental rate until flowering and the air temperature was exponential rather than linear, the exponential function model provided a more accurate prediction of the flowering date. The root-mean-square errors of the most accurate models were 3.7–6.1 days for predicting the flowering date and 6.1–10.2 days for the harvest date. We believe that these models will be useful for planning shipments of pineapple in regions with wide temperature ranges, such as Japan, and for cultivation management in response to climate change.

著者

久能 芙美 岡田 洋右 新生 忠司 黒住 旭 田中 良哉

出版者

学校法人 産業医科大学

雑誌

Journal of UOEH (ISSN:0387821X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.49-53, 2015-03-01 (Released:2015-03-14)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1

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症例は42歳女性.動悸・発汗過多・手指振戦のため2011年3月に来院.甲状腺刺激ホルモン(thyroid stimulating hormone; TSH) < 0.01 μU/ml,遊離サイロキシン (free thyroxine; FT4) 6.15 ng/ml,抗TSH受容体抗体 (TSH receptor antibody; TRAb) 7.8 U/ml の検査所見よりバセドウ病と診断し,メチマゾール 30 mg,プロプラノロール30 mg 内服を開始し甲状腺機能は改善した.しかし,躁症状,易刺激性,幻覚妄想が顕著となり2011年5月医療保護入院となった.アリピプラゾール24 mgおよびリチウム400 mg内服を開始したが,幻覚・妄想症状が遷延し抗精神病薬の調節を要した.甲状腺機能改善に遅れ,2011年7月に精神症状は改善し退院.退院後はメチマゾール10 mg内服で甲状腺機能は正常化を維持し,抗精神病薬内服は中止できた.バセドウ病では気分や活動性の変化などの気分障害が多いが,本例のように幻覚妄想など本格的な精神症状が主徴となり入院加療まで要した報告は少ない.バセドウ病に伴う症状精神病では精神症状が遷延する可能性があり,精神科専門医との綿密な連携が重要である.

著者

布川 和彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本数学教育学会

雑誌

日本数学教育学会誌 (ISSN:0021471X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.11, pp.50, 2010 (Released:2021-04-01)

著者

田所 武治

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.2, pp.30-34, 1970-03-01 (Released:2012-11-27)

著者

佐々木 冠

出版者

日本方言研究会

雑誌

日本方言研究会研究発表会発表原稿集 日本方言研究会第117回研究発表会発表原稿集 (ISSN:27588955)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.41-48, 2023 (Released:2023-11-08)

著者

萬代 新悟

出版者

一般社団法人 電子情報通信学会

雑誌

電子情報通信学会 通信ソサイエティマガジン (ISSN:21860661)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.150-153, 2018-09-01 (Released:2018-09-01)

著者

福田毅

出版者

国立国会図書館

雑誌

レファレンス (ISSN:1349208X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.653, 2005-06

著者

佐藤 全敏

出版者

信州大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2010

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各寺院の歴史書(寺誌)に埋もれていて、これまであまり注目されてこなかった古代文書を発掘し、その集成を行った。また、蔵人(平安時代の天皇の秘書)のマニュアルである『蔵人式』は、現在、さまざまな書物に断片的に引用されて伝わるだけだが、これらの集成を行った。その上で、集成したこれらの史料群を活用して、なかなかおもてに現れにくい、平安時代の朝廷の「政治原理」の展開過程について、さまざまな視角から明らかにした。

著者

中西 嘉宏

出版者

一般財団法人 アジア政経学会

雑誌

アジア研究 (ISSN:00449237)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.3, pp.35-54, 2023-07-31 (Released:2023-08-19)

参考文献数

42

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The changes in Myanmar’s political regime, from the transition to civilian rule in 2011 to the post-coup period after 1st February 2021, can be divided into three stages: first, the transition from one type of authoritarian regime to another; second, the progress of democratization; and finally, the re-authoritarianization through a coup d’état and coercive suppression. However, these transitions have also led to unintended consequences. This paper focuses on the interplay and discrepancies between domestic politics and the international political economy, coincidental timing, political trade-offs, institutional design errors, and miscalculations by involved parties, which are often overlooked in a clearcut and linear understanding of political development. The main points of each section are as follows:First, the transition to civilian rule was driven by coincidental timing and the impunity of Tatmadaw, Myanmar’s military. The formation of the new government in 2011 marked a tran­sition from an autocratic authoritarian regime to a more competitive authoritarian regime. The retirement of State Peace and Development Council Chairman Gen. Than Shwe and the shift to a collectively led leadership were the essence of this transition, which coincided with a change of U.S. policy toward Myanmar, leading to subsequent reforms and improved diplomatic relations. However, this development was facilitated by a trade-off with the state military’s impunity for past human rights abuses and violations of international law.Second, the advancement of democratization can be largely attributed to inadequate institutional design. The competitive authoritarian regime, constructed during the preceding military rule, lacked sufficient institutional mechanisms necessary for its prolonged sustainability. This deficiency significantly contributed to the electoral triumph of the National League for Democracy in 2015, consequently leading to the establishment of Aung San Suu Kyi’s government in 2016. Of particular importance is the fact that the ruling Union Solidarity and Development Party, which was expected to maintain power while striking a balance between hardliners of Tatmadaw and pro-democracy forces, was weakly organized as a political party. And the ruling government’s inability to “manipulate” the electoral system and operations to win elections also contributed to the regime’s lack of durability. As a result, an unstable power-sharing arrangement was created in which the Tatmadaw, which sought to protect its own gurdianship in the constitutional order, and the democratic forces that pursue further democratization.Third, while the coup d’état and subsequent crackdown by Tatmadaw have eliminated pro-democracy forces from the top decision-making process on one hand, such actions have been self-undermining the legitimacy and governing capacity. Tatmadaw is planning to return to the competitive authoritarian regime, but this is becoming a mission impossible, because the coincidences that occurred during the former transition in 2011 can no longer be expected, and the aftermath of the coup is not limited to power struggles among elites but has turned into violent social conflicts.The rapid political transformation in Myanmar from the early 2010s to the present is entering a new phase due to the reactionary actions of the junta. This transformation is irreversible, and if democratization were to resume in the country, it would follow a different path than that of Aung San Suu Kyi’s leadership.

著者

久保田 有一 中本 英俊 江川 悟史 福地 聡子 川俣 貴一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臨床神経生理学会

雑誌

臨床神経生理学 (ISSN:13457101)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.35-39, 2019-02-01 (Released:2019-03-08)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

著者

朱昌元 王摩詰 楚蔞整理

出版者

遼寧人民出版社

巻号頁・発行日

2022

著者

斉藤 暢 先崎 理之

出版者

日本鳥学会

雑誌

日本鳥学会誌 (ISSN:0913400X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.139-141, 2018 (Released:2018-05-11)

参考文献数

14

著者

石井 健太 大塚 理恵子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本都市計画学会

雑誌

都市計画論文集 (ISSN:09160647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.3, pp.1662-1669, 2023-10-25 (Released:2023-10-25)

参考文献数

21

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近年,人々の活動場所が多様化しており,時間や場所に捉われず柔軟に実施可能な施策が注目されている.本研究の目的はこのような施策の評価に向け,経路選択モデルにおいて歩行者の移動選好の時間変化を考慮することである.時間帯ごとに異なるパラメータを設定することで従来モデルである動的経路選択モデルを時系列方向に拡張し,これにより増加するモデル推定の計算負荷を低減するため,変分ベイズ推論を活用した推定手法を提案する.川崎市麻生区片平地区を対象としたケーススタディから,提案モデルが従来モデルより高性能であること,提案推定手法が従来推定手法と比較して推定時間を1/31に短縮できることを確認した.加えて,提案手法を用いた施策の実施時間や場所の検討を通じて,提案手法の適用例を示した.

著者

戸田 貴久 斎藤 寿樹 岩下 洋哲 川原 純 湊 真一

出版者

日本ソフトウェア科学会

雑誌

コンピュータ ソフトウェア (ISSN:02896540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.3_97-3_120, 2017-07-25 (Released:2017-08-09)

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列挙問題とは,与えられた条件を満たす対象(解)をすべて求める問題であり,電力網解析など社会のさまざまな問題への応用がある.さまざまな組合せ列挙問題に対して,問題の解集合を表現するデータ構造ZDDを高速に求める方法(トップダウンZDD構築法)を通して元の問題を効率的に解く汎用的な手法の研究が近年盛んに行われている.本論文ではトップダウンZDD構築に焦点を絞り,基礎となるアルゴリズムから,複雑な問題制約に対処するための発展的手法,プログラミングツールTdZddの基本的な使い方,さらに,具体的な応用問題を例にしたプログラミングまで解説する.