著者

西田 春彦 平松 闊

出版者

日本社会学会

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.130-149,303, 1987-09-30 (Released:2009-11-11)

参考文献数

117

被引用文献数

1

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(1) Scaling, sampling and data analysis : a reviewAfter the Second World War the methods of sociological researches in Japan were affected by those of American sociology. Most of Japanese sociologists mainly used the method of case study for sociological researches before the War, but they were not well acquainted with statistical methods. After the War Japanese sociologists had their great wish to develop sociology as an empirical science. They were interested in scaling, random sampling and data analysis in a word.These sociologists constructed unidimensional scales in various studies such as social consciousness, social stratification and measuring the structure of rural community, etc. To improve good-poor analysis and Likert scale was suggested. Subsampling (especially probability proportionate sampling) was applied to large area surveys like a kind of a sampling survey of social stratification and mobility. Moreover, a panel survey was carried out for the study of election and a replicated sampling design was adopted in a survey of slums.Sociological data are qualitative as well as quantitative. So, sociologists paid their attention to how to treat qualitative data. According to the development of computer and algorism, they utilized multidimensional scaling and other approaches, for example latent structure analysis, log-linear analysis and Hayashi's quantification methods, etc. Hayashi's quantification methods were systematically set up by C. Hayashi and his cooperators to clarify the interrelations among objects or items by the use of a score allocated to each category of qualitative items. In 1987 fuzzy quantification methods are shown by some experts of fuzzy set theory.In short, Japanese sociologists laid the foundation of quantitative approaches for sociological researches in three decades after the War.(2) A review of quantitative and mathematical approaches to the sociological researches of Japan since 1970These approaches have mainly developed on the study of the social stratification and mobility especially concerning the data of the SSM survey since 1955.The topics of these approaches are : 1) the problem of the consistency (or inconsistency) of the social stratification 2) the quantitative study of the social mobility and the analysis of the status formation process 3) the study of the use of the log-linear-model 4) the present condition and the prospects of the mathematical sociology in Japan.The tremendous efforts have been made for the SSM survey and the analyses of these data. The multivariate analysis revealed a consistent trend of the social stratification of Japan, and further investigations were made as to the applications of various statistical models and how to use these models.Yet in general, statistical or mathematical models have hardly generated and invented, and there have been few original studies (except for Yasuda's index) of quantitative and mathematical sociology in Japan. Accordingly, we hope for the 'originality', JAMS (Japanese Association for Mathematical Sociology), started in 1986, motto.

著者

磯崎 豊 鈴木 建太朗 松山 竜三 松本 尚之 長尾 泰考 石川 剛 原田 明子 松本 貴弘 谷 知子 辰巳 嘉英 今本 栄子 安藤 貴志 小山田 裕一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本消化器内視鏡学会

雑誌

日本消化器内視鏡学会雑誌 (ISSN:03871207)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.8, pp.1707-1713, 2009 (Released:2012-07-26)

参考文献数

13

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クラミジア直腸炎を3例経験した.全例無症状で,便潜血反応陽性の精査の際に直腸の均一な半球状小隆起の集簇像という特徴的な内視鏡所見と直腸擦過診のChlamydia trachomatis抗原検索によって診断された.治療としてazithromycin hydrateを投与した.クラミジア直腸炎は自覚症状の乏しい症例も多く,画像所見から本疾患を疑い,適切な検査で診断・治療することが必要である.

著者

江尻 桂子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本特殊教育学会

雑誌

特殊教育学研究 (ISSN:03873374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.5, pp.431-440, 2013 (Released:2015-03-21)

参考文献数

39

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本稿では、障害児の母親の就労について検討した国内外の研究を総覧し、これまでの知見をまとめた。国外の研究からは、(1) 障害児の母親において、就労の困難や労働時間の短縮といったワーク・ロス(労働損失)が生じていること、(2) ワーク・ロスの生起には、障害児本人および家族に関わる要因(障害の重さや世帯構成など)のほか、地域を基盤とした医療体制や支援サービスの充実が関与していること、また、(3) 母親の就労の有無は、母親の精神的健康や収入に影響していることが示されている。国内の研究からも、(1) 障害児の母親において就労困難がみられること、(2) その背景には、子どものケアに関わる社会的資源の不足をはじめとしてさまざまな要因が存在していることが指摘されている。以上の結果をもとに、今後、わが国において障害児の母親の就労問題を検討するにあたって、どのような研究が必要であるかを議論した。

著者

蔵内 数太

出版者

日本社会学会

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.11-23, 1978-07-31 (Released:2009-10-20)

参考文献数

1

著者

加藤 陽子

出版者

財団法人 日本国際政治学会

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1995, no.109, pp.110-125,L12, 1995-05-20 (Released:2010-09-01)

参考文献数

48

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At the end of the Pacific War, there were more than 6 million Japanese (this figure includes not only military and naval personnel but olso civilians) scattered in overseas theaters; Korea, Manchuria, China, the Philippine islands, and the islands of the Western Pacific. At that moment, there was no one who dared imagine that Japanese nationals overseas could get back home safely and smoothly.But in fact, 90 percent of them were repatriated by the end of 1949. In particular, 80 percent of the Japanese in former Japanese occupied territory in China, could return by May 1946.This paper focuses on how the disarmament and repatriation policies for the Japanese overseas were made, and why they could be repatriated so quickly.Who had the supreme responsibility to accomplish the disarmament of Japanese nationals and to provide for their repatriation? The Chinese National government troops under Chiang Kai-shek's rule could not carry out this mission. During the anti-Japanese War, the Nationalist government moved into the western regions, far from the coastal araes, so it took time for them to reach Japanese occupied territory.Only the United States had the power and will to govern all the processes of repatriation. But at the same time, she had to solve other problems. First, she was supposed to maintain the pace of her own demobilization. There was strong pressure to bring Americans out of China. Second, she had to consider Manchurian problems. Generalissimo Chiang asked United States to transfer his army to the northern part of China, as quickly as possible, or the Soviet and Chinese Communist Party would have enterd into the vacuum.In short, the repatriation of Japanese, demobilization of Americans, and transportation of Chinese were absolutely necessary for Washington. In order to carry out all these programs, the Joint Chiefs of Staff mapped out detailed plans for navigating large numbers of LST and Liberty vessels in December 1945.

著者

新垣 紀子

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.142-143, 2012 (Released:2014-07-22)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

4

著者

小林 理 成田 昌紀 河内 広志 浅野 良三 外山 譲二 永井 明彦 来生 哲 荒川 正昭 藤田 雅 広井 忠夫

出版者

The Japanese Respiratory Society

雑誌

日本胸部疾患学会雑誌 (ISSN:03011542)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.10, pp.925-931, 1984-10-25 (Released:2010-02-23)

参考文献数

11

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症例は, 25歳男性で家業は味噌製造業である. くり返す気管支喘息, 血清IgE上昇, くり返す肺浸潤影があり, 気管支造影で典型的な中枢性気管支拡張像を認めた. こうじに含まれる Asp. oryzae およびその亜種が喀痰中より検出された. エドワードの二重透析法によりそれらの真菌より抗原を作成し, オクタルニーの沈降抗体法を施行したところ患者血清との間に沈降線を認めた. 吸入誘発試験では, 即時型および遅発型反応が陽性となった. TBLBでは, 肺胞壁および肺胞腔内に, 好酸球, リンパ球, 形質細胞の浸潤を認めた. 以上より Asp. oryzae およびその亜種によるABPAと診断した.

著者

Juri HIBI Aiko KUROSAWA Takuto WATANABE Hazumu KADOWAKI Michiko WATARI Kohei MAKITA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-0512, (Released:2015-04-05)

被引用文献数

4 19

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) occurred in Miyazaki, Japan, in 2010, and 290,000 animals were culled. This paper describes the mental distress of the volunteers who had been dispatched to Miyazaki for disease control two years after the epidemic. It also assesses risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A participatory appraisal and self-administered questionnaire survey were conducted in 2012 for those who were dispatched to Miyazaki in 2010. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) was used as an indicator of PTSD, and univariate and multivariable analyses were performed. Of the 875 respondents, 1.3% had higher IES-R scores than the cut-off point (25), which is suggestive of PTSD. Mental stresses during and soon after FMD control and after two years were described. Four risk factors associated with high IES-R scores were found: transporting culled animals (P<0.01), stress during FMD control (P<0.01) and at the time of the survey (P<0.01), and lack of someone to talk to about FMD-associated stress at the time of the survey (P<0.01). Veterinarians, livestock technicians and clerical officers involved in FMD control still suffer from mental stress two years later. Public services should provide an opportunity for them to consult with mental health specialists. These findings should be used to better prepare workers who deal with infectious diseases of animals, especially when they must be culled. The establishment of a collaborative framework between veterinary and mental health services is recommended.

著者

Rei YAMASHITA Michio MURAKAMI Yuichi IWASAKI Nao SHIBAYAMA Keisuke SUEKI Mahua SAHA Goro MOURI Soulichan LAMXAY Haechong O Yukio KOIBUCHI Hideshige TAKADA

出版者

日本水環境学会

雑誌

Journal of Water and Environment Technology (ISSN:13482165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.179-194, 2015 (Released:2015-04-10)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

3 15

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The release of radiocesium from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant caused environmental contamination. We analyzed sources, behavior, and temporal trends of radiocesium by 1-year monitoring in an urban river, the Ohori River. The concentrations of 137Cs in both particulate and dissolved phases decreased to ~ 16% within 1 year. The partition coefficient in dry weather was estimated to be 3.2 × 104 L/kg. 137Cs concentrations in the particulate phase were higher during wet weather than during dry weather on the basis of both suspended solids (SS) weight and liquid volume. The ratios of 137Cs concentration to deposited 137Cs in the Ohori River (e.g., composite: 0.26 m2/kg-SS in June - July 2012) were higher than those in the Abukuma River, probably because of differences in land use. Source analysis by a chemical mass balance method showed that 22% of 137Cs came from river water in dry weather, 39% from river sediments, and 39% from road dust highlighting urban surface deposits such as road dust as major sources of 137Cs in the river water even 2 years after the accident, and that the wash-off of these deposits increased the 137Cs concentration in the river during wet weather.

著者

川端 信男

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生体医工学会

雑誌

医用電子と生体工学 (ISSN:00213292)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.4, pp.289-295, 1976-08-30 (Released:2011-03-09)

参考文献数

9

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Some geometrical optical illusions are analyzed in terms of the perceptual field. Psychological distance is introduced which is different from physical distance, and this difference explains theillusion.A theory is proposed which represents the psychological distance as a function of the field potential induced by the stimulus figure. By defining the psychological distance and line, the straight line and the length in the figure can be determined, and geometrical optical illusions cam be explained as distortions of the metric of the perceptual field.

著者

岩谷 雄介 鈴木 直樹 原 章展 平田 竹男

出版者

日本スポーツ産業学会

雑誌

スポーツ産業学研究 (ISSN:13430688)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.63-70, 2012 (Released:2012-04-25)

参考文献数

8

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the features of domestic marathons, and to present the problems and remedial measures of each feature. 51 domestic marathons were classified into four groups, based on the time limit, the hosting institution, the size of the turnout, and the rate of female participants. The features from the results were considered, and the rallies that made the best use of the characteristics of the game and of the region were presented.

著者

比嘉 照夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本農村医学会

雑誌

日本農村医学会雑誌 (ISSN:04682513)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.3, pp.193-194, 1995-09-10 (Released:2011-08-11)

著者

陣内 俊和 木村 剛 堀内 久徳

出版者

公益財団法人 日本心臓財団

雑誌

心臓 (ISSN:05864488)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.3, pp.268-272, 2009 (Released:2013-05-15)

参考文献数

17

著者

AKIKO MATSUMOTO-ODA

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.150223, (Released:2015-03-31)

被引用文献数

9

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Predation has been an evolutionary force in primates, driving changes in their behavior, cognition, and numerous morphological characteristics. There is little evidence regarding the counter- strategies of primates to predation, because previous studies on primates have focused on the animals eaten rather than the animals that survive. I report a case of predation in which an adult male baboon was preyed on by a leopard in the early morning in the wild and describe how the surviving baboons behaved. Based on this report, I consider the counter-strategies of baboons to leopard predation, such as staying at the sleeping site, producing alarm calls, and shifting the sleeping site. Further information from other predation events is needed to understand the evolution of anti-predation behaviors.

著者

Keitaro Senoo Yee Cheng Lau Mikhail Dzeshka Deirdre Lane Ken Okumura Gregory Y.H. Lip

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.2, pp.339-345, 2015-01-23 (Released:2015-01-23)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

9 35

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Background:Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC) have been developed as alternatives to warfarin. Until recently, the latter was the standard oral anticoagulant for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). The efficacy and safety of NOAC in Japanese patients with NVAF has been investigated in small trials or subgroups from global randomized control trials (RCT).Methods and Results:We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCT, to compare the efficacy and safety of NOAC to those of warfarin in Japanese patients with NVAF. Published research was systematically searched for RCT that compared NOAC to warfarin in Japanese patients with NVAF. Random-effects models were used to pool efficacy and safety data across RCT. Three studies, involving 1,940 patients, were identified. Patients randomized to NOAC had a decreased risk for stroke and systemic thromboembolism (relative risk [RR], 0.45; 95% CI: 0.24–0.85), with a non-significant trend for lower major bleeding (RR, 0.66; 95% CI: 0.29–1.47), intracranial bleeding (RR, 0.46; 95% CI: 0.18–1.16) and gastrointestinal bleeding (RR, 0.52; 95% CI: 0.25–1.08).Conclusions:NOAC are more efficacious than warfarin for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in Japanese patients with NVAF. The present findings offer clinicians a more comprehensive picture of NOAC as a therapeutic option to reduce the risk of stroke in Japanese NVAF patients. (Circ J 2015; 79: 339–345)

著者

工 穣 森 健太郎 鈴木 宏明 岩崎 聡 宇佐美 真一

出版者

日本聴覚医学会

雑誌

AUDIOLOGY JAPAN (ISSN:03038106)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.5, pp.569-570, 2014-10-30 (Released:2015-04-10)

著者

杉山 久佳

出版者

公益社団法人 計測自動制御学会

雑誌

計測自動制御学会論文集 (ISSN:04534654)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.12, pp.1009-1011, 2008-12-31 (Released:2013-02-25)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

3

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Noncontact power supply network is investigated for multi-robot rescue systems. This network is based on wireless non-radiative mid-range energy transfer using magnetic resonances. The fundamentals of magnetic resonance and a basic analysis are shown about power supply network consists of three robots. As a result, parallel configuration of two power supplying robots is confirmed to have an advantage over serial one.

著者

矢口 博久

出版者

一般社団法人 映像情報メディア学会

雑誌

映像情報メディア学会誌 (ISSN:13426907)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.9, pp.1234-1238, 2000-09-20 (Released:2011-03-14)

参考文献数

32

著者

河西 秀夫

出版者

日本情報地質学会

雑誌

情報地質 (ISSN:0388502X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.3, pp.161-175, 2010 (Released:2010-10-13)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1 1

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Google Earthは衛星写真を使用した3次元地形表示ソフトであり,ユーザーによりデータの登録が可能なことから,簡易なGISソフトとして使用できる. データの登録はダイアログボックスを使用する方法とKMLを使用してドキュメントを記述する方法があるが,KMLにはダイアログボックスでは登録できない機能が多数存在する.ダイアログボックスで登録したデータはKMLドキュメントとして保存される.このKMLドキュメントを追加・修正していくと便利である.第2回では線と領域の表示,図面の貼付けについて,実例に即してダイアログボックスによる登録方法とその結果作成されるKMLドキュメントの読み方と修正方法を解説する.立体表示を行うと,断層などの登録データ地形との関係が直感的に理解できるという利点がある.また,図面を貼り付けると図面に高さ情報を付加することができるので,新たな情報を得ることが可能になる.

著者

城ヶ原 貴通 山田 文雄 越本 知大 黒岩 麻里 木戸 文香 中家 雅隆 望月 春佳 村田 知慧 三谷 匡

出版者

日本哺乳類学会

雑誌

哺乳類科学 (ISSN:0385437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.170-173, 2013 (Released:2013-08-20)

参考文献数

14