著者

美濃部達吉 著

出版者

日本評論社

巻号頁・発行日

1947

著者

田中 正博

出版者

一般社団法人 日本特殊教育学会

雑誌

特殊教育学研究 (ISSN:03873374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.23-32, 1996-11-30 (Released:2017-07-28)

被引用文献数

7 4

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本研究は障害児をもつ家族180家族360名を対象に、健常児をもつ家族210家族420名との比較に基づいて、家族機能(充実した家族の連帯感・家族の決まり)と母親のストレスとの関係を明らかにした。質問紙法による調査の結果は次のようになった。(1)障害児をもつ母親は健常児をもつ家族に比べ、すべてのストレス項目で有意に高かった。また、「充実した家族の連帯感」は健常児をもつ母親・父親で有意に高く、「家族の決まり」も定まっていた。(2)夫婦関係や母親自身の悩みは満足した家族の連帯感によって軽減される。(3)障害児をもつ家族の場合、高ストレスを示す母親は「充実した家族の連帯感」が有意に低かったのに対して、その家族の父親では有意に高かった。父親と母親の間で家族認知の葛藤について考慮する必要性が示唆された。

著者

成田 健一 下仲 順子 中里 克治 河合 千恵子 佐藤 眞一 長田 由紀子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会

雑誌

教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.3, pp.306-314, 1995-09-30 (Released:2013-02-19)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

61 51

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The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of a self-efficacy scale (SES: Sherer et al., 1982) using a Japanese community sample. The SES comprised 23 items measuring generalized self-efficacy. The SES and other measures were administered to a total of 1524 males and females whose ages ranged from 13 to 92. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted separately for sex and age groups and the factor structures obtained from these were compared. The results revealed a clear one-factor solution for the sample as a whole. A similar one-factor structure was obtained across sex and age groups. The SES was found to have satisfactory test-retest reliability and internal consistency. The correlations of the scores on the SES with other measures, such as depression, self-esteem, masculinity, and perceived health, provided some supports of construct validity. Some evidences of the construct and factorial validity of the SES in the Japanese community sample were found.

著者

ストルミスカ マイケル 後藤 正英

出版者

佐賀大学教育学部

雑誌

佐賀大学教育学部研究論文集 (ISSN:24322644)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.39-70, 2023-01

著者

中山 泰一 Yasuichi Nakayama

出版者

実教出版

雑誌

情報教育資料

巻号頁・発行日

no.50, pp.14-16, 2020-04-01

著者

山田 哲也

出版者

一般財団法人 アジア政経学会

雑誌

アジア研究 (ISSN:00449237)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.4, pp.88-102, 2020-10-31 (Released:2020-11-19)

参考文献数

13

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In this article, the author analyses two judgements of the Supreme Court of Korea regarding the payment of compensation to the Korean war time laborers from the view point of public international law. Some of them are said to be forced or deceived at their recruitment by the Japanese private companies. In the judgement of 30 October 2018, the Court adjudicated that the Japanese company were still liable to compensate against the damage caused by such enforcement or deception.However, the Japanese Government has reacted and protested against this judgement through the diplomatic channel. This is because, according to the Japanese Foreign Ministry, the issue of the compensation to the Korean war time laborers was already legally settled through the Japan-Republic of Korea Basic Relations Treaty and the Japan-Korea Claims Agreement of 1965. As the basic principle of public international law, particularly the basic principle of the law of the treaties, every treaty in force is binding upon the parties to it and must be performed by them in good faith (the principle of “pacta sunt servanda”). At the same time, a party to each treaty may not invoke the provisions of its internal law as justification for its failure to perform a treaty. Therefore, Japan has alleged that the 2018 Judgement were internationally illegal and that the Korean Government were obliged to suspend the execution of the judgement. On the other hand, Moon Jae-in Administration has been supportive to the 2018 Judgement and refused to refer to arbitrate provided in Article 3 (2) of the Claims Agreement. As a result, Japan-Korea relation became dramatically worse and no one can foresee when the bilateral relation would get out from this situation.This Japanese-Korean confrontation originally caused by the interpretation of the legality of the annexation (colonization) under the 1910 Treaty. Japan has regarded that the 1910 Treaty was concluded legally in light of the legal situation of the beginning of the 20th century. On the contrary, Korea has never accepted the legality of the 1910 Treaty. Therefore, at the time of the conclusion of the Basic Treaty of 1965, the provision that “[i]t is confirmed that all treaties or agreements concluded between the Empire of Japan and the Empire of Korea on or before August 22, 1910 are already null and void” (italics added) was inserted. This article means that the both parties agreed to disagree about the legality of the 1910 Treaty.In conclusion, the author points out that, as far as the Moon Administration’s policy on reconsideration of the past history and policies under the military or conservative régime continues, Japan would have to deal with such “historical” issue again and again. At the same time, the author points out that what is needed by the Japanese Government is the calm diplomacy with well-grounded (international) legal opinion.

著者

川崎千春 著

出版者

日本通信社

巻号頁・発行日

1965

著者

矢木 毅

出版者

東洋史研究会

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.3, pp.402-433, 2008-12

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Behind the use of Joseon, the early-modern country's name, was the consciousness that the country was the legitimate successor of Dangun Joseon 檀君朝鮮 and the ancient state of Gija Joseon 箕子朝鮮, which were thought to have actually existed in ancient times. The legends of Dangun Joseon and Gija Joseon are each indivisibly tied to the area of present-day Pyeongyang, and Seoul, the new capital of the Joseon dynasty, had from olden times been known as Pyeongyang of the South. Pyeongyang had flourished as the seat of government of Nangnang 樂浪郡 district, but with the southern advance of Goguryeo, Nangnang was destroyed and a temporary seat of government 僑郡 for the region was established in Liaodeng/Liaoxi 遼東・遼西 area. Pyeongyang once again flourished as the capital of Goguryeo, but with the Tang dynasty's destruction of Goguryeo, exiles streamed into the Liaodeng/Liaoxi region. These people brought with them to Liaodeng and Liaoxi the memory of the land around Pyeongyang that symbolized past glories and legend of Gija Joseon, which was inextricably tied to the Pyeongyang region. The people of early-modern Joseon who later "discovered" the legend came to see precisely this as proof of Gija Joseon's control of Liaodeng/Liaoxi, and came to argue that Gija Joseon had moved from Pyeonyang of Liaoxi, to Pyeongyang of Liaodeng, and finally to Pyeongyang of the Korean peninsula. This image of the territory of Gija Joseon, of course, overlapped with that of the territory of the Joseon kingdom of Dangun, the progenitor of the people. In this manner the image of the territory of the Ancient Joseon 古朝鮮 dynasties was "proven" through the records in the Chinese histories for early-modern Joseon.

著者

藤田 昌孝

出版者

公益社団法人 日本マリンエンジニアリング学会

雑誌

マリンエンジニアリング (ISSN:13461427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.233-235, 2010 (Released:2012-12-06)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

山田 弘幸 柄川 索

出版者

公益社団法人 精密工学会

雑誌

精密工学会誌 (ISSN:09120289)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.5, pp.481-486, 2016-05-05 (Released:2016-05-05)

参考文献数

9

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The roller screw mechanism is more suitable for high load than the ball screw mechanism, because it has a large contact area and a greater radius of curvature between a roller and a screw shaft. However, it is considered that the rolling mechanism which has large contact surface is easy to get a big slip ratio, and it generally has lower mechanical efficiency. In this study, to improve the mechanical efficiency of the roller screw mechanism, we devised the tapered roller screw mechanism (TRS). The shape of flank face of screw shaft and the surface of rollers of TRS is designed to minimize the slip ratio. As a result of experiment, it was confirmed that the apparent coefficient of friction was 0.0018 at minimum, and the mechanical efficiency was 0.985 at maximum. These results showed that the TRS was comparable to the ball screw mechanism in efficiency.

著者

太田 三徳

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本呼吸器外科学会

雑誌

日本呼吸器外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:09190945)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.5, pp.497, 2019-07-15 (Released:2019-07-15)

著者

矢部 直人

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地理学会

雑誌

地理学評論 Series A (ISSN:18834388)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.4, pp.301-323, 2012-07-01 (Released:2017-11-03)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

6 3

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本研究は,裏原宿における小売店集積が形成された要因を検討した上で,集積内部の小売店におけるアパレル生産体制の特徴を明らかにすることを目的とする.裏原宿に小売店の集積が形成された要因は,店舗の供給側から見ると,1980年代後半のバブル経済期に,不動産開発が住宅地の内部まで進んだことが大きい.一方,店舗に出店するテナント側では,友人の紹介など人脈に頼った出店が小売店集積のきっかけとなっていた.小売店のアパレル生産体制の特徴は二つあった.一つは,消費者の情報を商品企画に生かす姿勢が強まったことであった.もう一つは,小売店が企画機能のウェートを高め,生産を海外に依存するようになったことである.小売店が生産機能を海外に外注するにあたっては,原宿の近隣に立地する商社が果たす,海外企業との仲介機能の役割が大きいことが明らかになった.

著者

河野 律子 荻ノ沢 泰司 渡部 太一 安部 治彦

出版者

昭和大学学士会

雑誌

昭和医学会雑誌 (ISSN:00374342)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.6, pp.523-529, 2011-12-28 (Released:2012-08-03)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

著者

Koshiro Kanaoka Yoshitaka Iwanaga Katsuki Okada Satoshi Terasaki Yuichi Nishioka Michikazu Nakai Daisuke Kamon Tomoya Myojin Tsunenari Soeda Tatsuya Noda Manabu Horii Yasushi Sakata Yoshihiro Miyamoto Yoshihiko Saito Tomoaki Imamura

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.4, pp.536-542, 2023-03-24 (Released:2023-03-24)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

6

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Background: We aimed to validate a claims-based diagnostic algorithm to identify hospitalized patients with acute major cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) from health insurance claims in Japan.Methods and Results: This retrospective multicenter validation study was conducted at 4 institutes, including Japanese Circulation Society-certified and uncertified hospitals in Japan. Data on patients with CVDs in departmental lists or with International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes for CVDs hospitalized between April 2018 and March 2019 were extracted. We examined the sensitivity and positive predictive value of a diagnostic algorithm using ICD-10 codes, medical examinations, and treatments for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), acute heart failure (HF), and acute aortic disease (AAD). We identified 409 patients with ACS (mean age 70.6 years; 24.7% female), 615 patients with acute HF (mean age 77.3 years; 46.2% female), and 122 patients with AAD (mean age 73.4 years; 36.1% female). The respective sensitivity and positive predictive value for the algorithm were 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82–0.89) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.92–0.97) for ACS; 0.74 (95% CI 0.70–0.77) and 0.79 (95% CI 0.76–0.83) for acute HF; and 0.86 (95% CI 0.79–0.92) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.76–0.89) for AAD.Conclusions: The validity of the diagnostic algorithm for Japanese claims data was acceptable. Our results serve as a foundation for future studies on CVDs using nationwide administrative data.

著者

堀 由美子 内田 博之 清水 純 君羅 好史 小口 淳美 真野 博

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本栄養改善学会

雑誌

栄養学雑誌 (ISSN:00215147)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.4, pp.242-252, 2021-08-01 (Released:2021-10-02)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

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【目的】保険薬局およびドラッグストアに勤務する管理栄養士・栄養士の配置状況や就業実態を把握するとともに就業上の課題を明らかにすることを目的とした。【方法】第14回薬局管理栄養士研究会(2019年11月19日)に参加した管理栄養士・栄養士153名/企業67社に対し,自記式質問紙調査を行った。有効回答率は96.1%(管理栄養士:96.0%,栄養士:100%)であり,参加企業の各代表者からの有効回答率は100%であった。自由記述で得られた就業上の課題については質的解析を行った。【結果】回答者の多くは関東地方勤務(65.3%),年齢は20歳代(74.8%),資格取得後5年未満(69.4%),勤続年数3年未満(64.0%)の管理栄養士(98.6%)であった。薬局事務を担いながら栄養相談やセミナー・イベント等を業務としていた。質的解析した就業上の課題は,『業務への専念・時間』,『地域社会・患者の理解・連携』,『知識・経験不足』等のカテゴリーが形成され,「業務バランス」,「専門性・職務内容(ビジネススキル)」,「業務生産性」,「他職種との関係」,「地域社会との関係」の視点に分類された。【結論】本研究では,保険薬局やドラッグストアに勤務する管理栄養士・栄養士の就業実態とその課題を示した。就業上の課題解決には,同業種・同職種との連携や教育環境の整備,行政や各界の支援の必要性が示唆された。

著者

岡田 章

出版者

The Japanease Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.137-154, 2007-06-30 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

79

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This paper considers the history of game theory since von Neumann and Morgenstern published their monumental work The Theory of Games and Economic Behavior in 1944. It points out changes in research themes and discusses what game theory has achieved up to the present. The aim of von Neumann and Morgenstern was “to find the mathematically complete principles which define rational behavior for the participants in a social economy, and to derive from them the general characteristics of that behavior.” Extending the theory of von Neumann and Morgenstern, Nash classified all games as either non-cooperative games or cooperative games and defined the notion of an equilibrium point for a non-cooperative game. Nash also suggested a research program, now called the Nash program, to analyze a coop erative game by constructing a non-cooperative game model for negotiations. The main field of game theory was cooperative games in the 1950s and the 1960s. Thereafter, research trends in game theory in the 1970s and the 1980s shifted from cooperative games to non-cooperative games, led by the seminal works of Harsanyi on incomplete information games and Selten on perfect equilibrium in extensive games. This socalled non-cooperative revolution greatly promoted applications of non-cooperative game theory to economics. At the same time, researchers became increasingly dissatisfied with the strong assumption of rationality in traditional game theory, and consequently research interest turned toward two new fields in the 1990s. One is evolutionary game theory, developing out of evolutionary biology, and the other is behavioral game theory, which collaborates with psychology. Evolutionary game theory investigates dynamic processes of evolution and learning in economic behavior, and it reformulates game equilibrium as a stable stationary state of those dynamic processes. Behavioral game theory studies the structures of motivation, cognition, and reasoning in human decision-making using the methodology of experiments. This paper shows how present-day research in game theory is developing in divergent fields that consider both traditional theory based on unbounded rationality and behavioral theory exploring human bounded rationality. Game theory continues to be one of the most active research fields in economics.

著者

窪田 亜矢

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.781, pp.1001-1011, 2021 (Released:2021-03-30)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

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From the time of birth, the concept of '"the park" in the city' has ever served as a tool for accepting the contradictions between legal systems and reality. Thus, such parks have continually undergone transformations. Because parks are owned and managed by the public sector, they are expected to be permanent, non-construction sites; however, the reality is different. Miyashita Park in downtown Shibuya in Tokyo Prefecture, Japan, was built on a scattered piece of land, and it has witnessed rapid changes. The periods of change of this park can be divided into five categories: (1) The Meiji era, when the feudal system changed to modern times, and the concept of parks was born; (2) 1953, when the park was first completed; (3) around 1964, the time of Tokyo Olympics, when a parking building was built on the ground, and the park was moved to the top of the roof; the park then was occupied by a homeless community; (4) around 2011, when sports facilities were installed in the park, and spatial and temporal closures became the norm under the normal operation by the local government because it had to manage the facilities; and (5) 2020, when the park was redeveloped and fully privatised; further, the park will now be managed by a private operator on a 30-year fixed land lease. Another Olympics has brought the opportunity to redevelop and redesign parks. The concepts such as possession, ‘no-man's land’, indifference, publicness and open space have been discussed by many philosophers, urban researchers, social scientists and constitutional scholars. In summary, urban parks have the potential to secure Liberty from law. If we need human rights and democracy, we have to realise them by securing places for them, namely the park in the city. Therefore, we have to preserve such urban parks; however, this is a great challenge. As seen from the example of Miyashita Park, at one point of time, homeless people occupied the park, and subsequently, the local government, with the support of local residents, evicted them using urban development projects legally with private companies; both events should not have happened. A system of conservation officers in natural conservation areas and play-leaders in play-parks can provide insights into maintaining urban parks. The only way to build such a system is through the practice of defending ‘the park in the city’.

著者

中村穂佳

出版者

国立国会図書館

雑誌

外国の立法 : 立法情報・翻訳・解説 (ISSN:13492071)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.(月刊版. 291-1), 2022-03

著者

萩原 浩史

出版者

立命館大学

巻号頁・発行日

2018

著者

二宮 清純

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.69-83, 2022 (Released:2023-03-20)

参考文献数

57

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Professional baseball, the origin of professional sport in Japan, has been institutionalized through the leading involvement of corporations, which are economic organizations with the purpose of profit.The Bundesliga in Germany, which serves as an ideal for the J.League, is organized around nonprofit organizations known as Verein. German nonprofit organizations operate primarily based on general meetings of local citizens and voting in elections and play a role in negotiating with governments and businesses while consolidating and representing the views of local citizens. For the Bundesliga, in which only Verein had been permitted to participate, the commercialization of the 1990s saw permission to operate clubs extended to for-profit companies. However, with the establishment of the “50+1 rule” and the “club licensing system”, clubs were required to hold a majority of their own voting rights. Under such a system, the Bundesliga has contributed to the creation of “civil society”-formed through collaboration between businesses, government, communities, and nonprofit organizations—while centered on a “citizenry” that seeks to organize groups and associations and influence political and economic systems.This study analyzed the J.League philosophy from this public sphere perspective and found that although a philosophy aimed at collaboration between governments, businesses, and citizens has persisted to the present day, and partnerships between businesses and governments have materialized—local governments, for example, hold shares in professional soccer clubs—the specific roles that citizens and nonprofit organizations can play in league and club operations remain undetermined. Moreover, this challenge was attributed to differences in the systems around corporations in Japan and Germany.