著者

入江 繁樹

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.16-29, 2008-12-31 (Released:2017-05-22)

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This paper focuses on the production theory which was presented by YANAGI MUNEYOSHI (1889-1961), the leader of the Japanese Mingei movement. Analysing the contradiction of this theory, I indicate his unique view on the modern civilisation. In the 1920's, he insisted on the revaluation of Japanese traditional folk-crafts, and renamed them Mingei. According to him, the essential aesthetic quality of Mingei is the unconscious beauty (mushin-no-bi), and this beauty can not be created any more by modern artist-craftsmen who are too self-conscious. But, in the meantime, YANAGI demanded that these artist-craftsmen supervise Mingei production and conduct folk-craftsmen who are actual producers of Mingei. Is this YANAGI's methodological fallacy? Rather, we should think that this is an unavoidable paradox on the Mingei production. In YANAGI's view, aesthetic appreciation should be based on the modern consciousness and the latter is indispensable even when we appreciate the unconscious beauty of Mingei. Therefore, he could not help placing the modern artist-craftsmen as leaders in the Mingei production. In short, he thought that the "nonmodern" beauty of Mingei should be paradoxically realised in the gaze of the "modern" men.

著者

谷口 威夫

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本歯周病学会

雑誌

日本歯周病学会会誌 (ISSN:03850110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.46-53, 2012-03-28 (Released:2013-04-24)

参考文献数

15

著者

Mai NONOGAWA Seigo NAKAYA Masashi ISOBE Kenzen TAKEUCHI Hideyuki AZEGAMI

出版者

The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

雑誌

Mechanical Engineering Journal (ISSN:21879745)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.21-00200, (Released:2021-09-05)

参考文献数

29

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This study presents methods to develop a three-dimensional numerical foot model and to identify the loading condition that is used to design a stable sole for running shoes. In a previous study, the authors proposed a method to optimize the shape of the sole to increase stability while maintaining the cushioning property. In the problem formulation, the loading condition was given as a boundary force distributed on the top surface of the sole. The aim of this study is to replace the loading condition with the force and moment at the origin of the ankle joint coordinate (AJC) system by modeling a foot with a finite element model. A finite element model of a foot is constructed using X-ray CT image data, and consists of bony structures, soft tissue, and plantar fascia. The plantar fascia is set at the bottom of the bony structures. The force and moment used in the finite element analysis are identified by inverse dynamic analysis using an experimental measurement in the practical operation of the ground reaction force (GRF) when the GRF in the direction of the foot length becomes minimum. In the finite element analysis, the finite deformation containing the contact condition between the bottom surface of the foot and the ground representing a sole made of resin is considered. For an index of the shoe stability, we define a heel eversion angle (HEA) by the rotational angle of the heel with respect to an axis in the foot length direction and evaluate it by finite element analysis. The validity of the finite element foot model as well as the force and moment obtained in this study are confirmed based on the agreement in the HEA results between the experiment and finite element analysis.

著者

阿藤 誠

出版者

日本人口学会

雑誌

人口学研究 (ISSN:03868311)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.17-24, 1982-05-21 (Released:2017-09-12)

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After having maintained about replacement level for some 15 years, Japanese fertility has been declining since 1973. The application of decomposition technique to the decline in the crude birth rate between 1973 and 1980 clarified that 40% of the total change in CBR is explained by changes in age composition, 50% by the decline in proportions of couples married, and 10% by a short-term decline in marital fertility. The change in age composition in this period refers to the abrupt shrinkage of the younger cohort, which is most exposed to the prospect of marriage: those aged in then 20's. This is, in turn, an echo of the precipitous decline in birth just after the short-term "baby boom" in postwar years. If we take into account the historical steadiness of marriage throughout Japan, the decline in the proportions of those married would seem to be the postponement of marriage without any rise in the celibacy rate. Several factors are presumably conducive to the recent marriage squeeze, but the recent rise in high school and college enrollment rates for both men and women appears to be most responsible for it. It remains to be studied whether the disequilibration of the sex ratio among marriageable cohorts due to the abrupt change of the cohort size, the decline in substantive wage rates since the oil crisis of 1973, or changes in the social mechanism for selecting spouses (i. e., the decrease in arranged marriages), is causally relevent to the marriage squeeze. The cause for the short-term decline in marital fertility is difficult to discern. According to several recent fertility surveys of married women, there has been little change in completed fertility, fertility goals (measured by the total intended number of children), and fertility control behavior (which is measured by the proportion of contraceptive usage or induced abortion, the timing in the initiation of contraceptive usage, and the contraceptive methods used). Thus, the short-term decline in marital fertility, if any, is inferred to be temporary.

著者

西野 正巳

出版者

日本中東学会

雑誌

日本中東学会年報 (ISSN:09137858)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.97-121, 2002-03-31 (Released:2018-03-30)

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The social theory of Sayyid Qutb Sayyid Qutb is one of the most famous Islamic thinkers of twentieth-century in Egypt. Because of Qutb's importance as an Islamic thinker, most researchers concern themselves with only his Islamic thought, despite the fact that he had already been a prolific writer before he became an Islamic thinker. As a result, a comprehensive picture of his ideas has not yet been fully drawn. In this paper I examine a series of articles on social problems that Qutb wrote in the first half of the nineteen-forties (that is, before he became an Islamic thinker), and clarify the three stages of his work: the non-Islamic stage, the early Islamic stage, and finally, the radical Islamic stage. As a result of this analysis, two points come to light. First, until he became an Islamic thinker, Qutb was a totalitarian rather than a liberalist as is generally believed. His discriminatory attitude toward the homeless, for example, suggests that he was not at all a liberal thinker. Second, although his ideas are often divided into his non-Islamic and Islamic periods, there are striking similarities between his non-Islamic and Islamic social thought. Furthermore, there are significant differences between his early Islamic thought and his radical Islamic thought, which suggests the need for a recategorization of his ideas.

著者

露木 基勝 大儀 和彦 今井 裕一郎 青木 久美子 山本 一彦 桐田 忠昭

出版者

Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.7, pp.430-434, 2007-07-20 (Released:2011-04-22)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

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An odontoma is an odontogenic, tumor composed of enamel, dentine, and cementum, commonly less than 30 mm in diameter. We describe a large compound odontoma arising in the left anterior region of the mandible.A 16-year-old boy was referred by an orthopedist to our hospital for evaluation of a radiopaque lesion in the left side of the mandible. Clinical examination revealed a bony-hard swelling in the left anterior region of the mandible at presentation. The left mandibular canine and lateral incisor were not erupted. Radiographic and CT examinations showed a large, circumscribed, radiopaque lesion, measuring 30×40×28mm and surrounded by a thin radiolucent area accompanied by two impacted teeth. There were many small tooth-like structures within the lesion. The clinical diagnosis was odontoma. The tumor and the impacted teeth were surgically removed by an intraoral approach under general anesthesia. The tumor was covered by a thin capsule and consisted of 321 small tooth-like structures. The histopathological diagnosis was a compound odontoma. The clinical course has been uneventful for 4 years 3 months after surgery.

著者

樋口 孝之 宮崎 清

出版者

一般社団法人 日本デザイン学会

雑誌

デザイン学研究 (ISSN:09108173)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.5, pp.1-10, 2004-01-31 (Released:2017-07-19)

参考文献数

78

被引用文献数

1

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「意匠」の語としての由来は、3世紀後半に、文章の構成の進めかたを説いた陸機『文賦』という漢籍にあり、8世紀に、杜甫が詩のなかで画の構想を苦心して構想する描写に用いた用例が広<知られる。それらの解釈は、作文や絵画の制作における「構想」「旨趣」として理解される。日本では、漢籍からの解釈が学ばれる一方で、字義の訓から、「こころだくみ」「こころのたくみ」としての解釈がなされる。このときの「たくみ」は、「匠」の字義からではなく、ヤマトコトバの語義で理解されたものとみられる。明治初期に、作文や絵画の制作に関する表現以外に、普遍的な思考・思想の上での「考案」や「工夫」といった意味で用いられたことが確認された。「意匠」は、明治の初期には多用されることばではなかったが、明治中頃になって、一般的に用いられるようになっている。Designの対訳語として用いられる以前に、日本語語彙のなかで使用された漢語としての語義の構造があきらかになった。

著者

岩原 諦信

出版者

社団法人 東洋音楽学会

雑誌

東洋音楽研究 (ISSN:00393851)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1954, no.12-13, pp.161-172, 1954-10-30 (Released:2010-11-30)

著者

宮島 宏

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

岩石鉱物科学 (ISSN:1345630X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.6, pp.184-186, 2007 (Released:2008-03-27)

著者

粂川 義雅 三浦 収 藤本 悠 伊藤 桂 荒川 良 横山 潤 福田 達哉

出版者

The Japanese Society of Soil Zoology

雑誌

Edaphologia (ISSN:03891445)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.104, pp.19-24, 2019 (Released:2020-03-29)

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ニホンアカザトウムシPseudobiantes japonicus の2 つの異なる系統群(クレードA とクレードB) の分布域が接触する四国中央部において両系統群間の交雑や遺伝子移入の有無を明らかにするために, ミトコンドリアDNAと核DNAのPCR-RFLP解析を行った.両クレードの混棲が確認されたのは1地点のみであったが,その地点を含め,この地域内で,核DNAの遺伝子におけるヘテロ接合と判定される個体やミトコンドリアDNAと核DNA間における不一致は発見されなかった.これは,クレードA とクレードB が接触地域において交雑や遺伝子移入を経験していないことを示唆し,これらのニホンアカザトウムシは隠蔽種であると考えられた.

著者

菊地 幹夫

出版者

Japan Oil Chemists' Society

雑誌

日本油化学会誌 (ISSN:13418327)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.10, pp.1189-1199,1210, 1996-10-20 (Released:2009-11-10)

参考文献数

58

被引用文献数

4 2

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界面活性剤は家庭用合成洗剤の主要成分である。河川水中から何種類かの界面活性剤がしばしば検出されるため,これらの界面活性剤の水環境への影響が米国,ヨーロッパや日本で議論されてきた。この論文ではアニオン界面活性剤について,環境汚染のモニタリング,環境中での運命,急性毒性・慢性毒性・致死濃度以下での毒性と環境リスク評価についてレビューを行った。日本では家庭排水が十分には処理されていないために,報告された急性毒性と慢性毒性の値は河川水中のLASの濃度レベルの悪いほうのケースとオーバーラップし,十分に安全であるとは言えなかった。そのほかの界面活性剤の環境安全性については,河川での汚染濃度もまた慢性毒性データも不充分であることから,最近の研究を紹介するにとどめた。界面活性剤のライフサイクルアセスメントの事例も紹介した。

著者

信原 幸弘

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.1-14, 2000-11-25 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

12

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Classical computationalism sees cognition as manipulation of syntactically structured representations while connectionism sees it as transformation of syntactically unstructured representations, namely, activation patterns of neurons. J. Fodor and Z. Pylyshyn argue that connectionism fails because every cognitive ability is systematic so that representations in any cognitive domain are syntactically structured. But I argue that some cognitive abilities are not systematic. Classical computationalism holds only for some cognitive domains. But I do not think that our brain is a hybrid of a classical model and a connectionist one. It is wholly connectionist. Syntactically structured representations exist not in our brain but in our environment as external representations. Consequently, eliminativism is right in that propositional attitudes such as belief and desire do not exist in our brain.

著者

藤野 秀則 石井 裕剛 下田 宏 吉川 榮和

出版者

一般社団法人 電気学会

雑誌

電気学会論文誌C(電子・情報・システム部門誌) (ISSN:03854221)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.128, no.1, pp.11-23, 2008-01-01 (Released:2008-01-01)

参考文献数

39

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For the sustainable society, organization management not based on the mass production and mass consumption but having the flexibility to meet to various social needs precisely is required. For realizing such management, the emploees' work morale is required. Recently, however, the emploees' work morale is tend to decrease. Therefore, in this study, the authors developed the model of the method for promoting and keeping employees' work morale effectively and efficiently. Especially the authors thought “work morale” of “attitude to the work”. Based on this idea, it could be considered that the theory of the persuasion psychology and various persuasion techniques. Therefore, the model of the method applying the character agent was developed based on the forced compliance which is one of persuasion techniques based on the theory of the cognitive dissonance. By the evaluation experiment using human subjects, it was confirmed that developed method could improve workers' work morle effectively.

著者

渋井 進 赤川 裕美 土屋 俊

出版者

独立行政法人 大学改革支援・学位授与機構(旧 大学評価・学位授与機構)

雑誌

大学評価・学位研究 (ISSN:18800343)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.23001, (Released:2021-10-14)

参考文献数

35

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大学機関別認証評価における,政府公表データの利用について検討した資料を提示する。客観的に比較可能なデータを用いて,評価対象となる個別の大学や属性別に分けた複数の大学の,全大学の中での位置づけや経年推移を比較可能な形で可視化することは,評価の透明性・公平性の確保の観点から重要と言える。本報告では,教育成果の状況を把握するための指標として大学が政府に毎年報告して公表されている,医師,歯科医師,薬剤師,看護師の4種類の保健系分野の2017年から2020年の4年間の国家試験合格率を対象に,合格率の度数分布の状況および,国公私立大学別の経年的な推移について可視化を行ない,その動向について分析した。以上をもとに,評価の根拠資料としての利用可能性を中心に考察を加えた。

著者

松野 悟之

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

理学療法科学 (ISSN:13411667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.4, pp.521-525, 2021 (Released:2021-08-20)

参考文献数

16

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〔目的〕要介護高齢者を対象に,ゲーム機を用いた脳トレーニング(脳トレ)に関するアンケート調査を実施した.〔対象と方法〕要介護高齢者24名とした.ゲーム機は,任天堂スイッチ,ゲームソフトは脳を鍛える大人のトレーニングを用いた.アンケートは,教育歴,ゲームを経験しての楽しさや難しさ,ゲーム機の操作,脳トレを今後も継続したいかを調査した.〔結果〕脳トレをやや楽しく感じ,今後もやや続けてみたいと返答した者が有意に多かった.しかし,ゲーム機の操作においては,教えてもらわないとできない者が有意に多かった.〔結語〕要介護高齢者におけるゲーム機器を用いた脳トレは,機器の操作を適切に誘導することで楽しみながら継続できる可能性が示唆された.

著者

西尾 健一郎

出版者

一般社団法人 エネルギー・資源学会

雑誌

エネルギー・資源学会論文誌 (ISSN:24330531)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.3, pp.175-184, 2021 (Released:2021-05-10)

参考文献数

16

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This study analyzed the factors causing the difference in the amount of utility bill payments by housing construction period, using micro data of about 9,000 households. The analysis consisted of (1) building a model of gradient boosting decision tree, which is one of the machine learning techniques, (2) identifying contribution of each household and each feature using SHAP value, which is a novel method to improve the interpretability of machine learning, and (3) revealing the breakdown of differences on a macro level by aggregating each contribution. The results showed that the factors that have reduced the amount of payments in recently constructed houses were partly caused by the spread of heat pump water heaters and IH cooking heaters, in addition to the improvement of housing insulation performance. It was also confirmed that the effects of higher efficiency refrigerators and lighting have been steadily increasing.

著者

仲佐 秀雄

出版者

山梨英和学院 山梨英和大学

雑誌

山梨英和短期大学紀要 (ISSN:02862360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.148-134, 1994-12-10 (Released:2020-07-20)

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電気通信技術の革新と通信・放送の業態変化により、プレスと電気通信メディアの差別、周波数の稀少性、放送と通信の境界などに本質変化が生じている。しかし、現行の情報・通信メディアに対する公規制と倫理コードの構成を、(A)自由原則、(B)主体・業務規制、(C)編集方針規制、(D)通信内容・表現規制、(E)広告規制の5分類の下に整理してみると、放送・通信に関しては、(B)(C)(D)の各分野にわたって、広汎で、かつ本来公権力の関与になじまない公規制が存在し、憲法21条の「一切の表現の自由」の保障を空洞化している面が少なくない。それに伴って、メディア自主規制の内容にも、公規制の排除予防のために機能するよりも、公規制の補充補強に働くものが見られる。公規制・自主規制の今後の指向の一つとして、ユーザー・市民のチャンネル利用、リース、発信などの機会を拡大する方向が考えられる。

著者

植竹 紀子 垣内 康孝 千葉 和義

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

日本科学教育学会年会論文集 37 (ISSN:21863628)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.278-279, 2013-09-06 (Released:2018-05-16)

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理科自由研究データベースは児童・生徒の自由研究作品の検索システムである。自由研究を教材化するために,小学生の作品内容を理科単元・分野に分類し,解析した。作品51点を対象として分類した結果,作者(著者)の発表時学年より上級学年の単元を含む自由研究は36作品(82%)であり,これから学習する内容に関連する研究を行っていた。

著者

植竹 紀子 堀田 のぞみ 垣内 康孝 千葉 和義

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

科学教育研究 (ISSN:03864553)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.268-277, 2017 (Released:2017-07-15)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

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In the science section of the Japanese course of study, there are four “fields”, i.e. “matter (particle)”, “energy”, “life” and “the earth”, and these fields consist of by many “units” containing scientific knowledge or concepts which should be understood by pupils. To classify scientific papers written by pupils, we identified the scientific knowledge or concepts used by pupils in their scientific papers. When the scientific knowledge or concept in the scientific paper were found in the unit of the Japanese course of study, we determined the papers to be related to that unit. Using 102 papers from the Japanese science contest (Shizekon) from 2006 to 2011, we found that some pupils used scientific knowledge or concepts which were scheduled to be learned later in elementary or junior high schools. Many papers (72%) were classified as the “life” field. On the other hand, only 35% of the units in “the earth” field were found in the papers examined. Most of the papers (82%) were related to two or more units or fields. Because teachers are expected to show pupils the relationships between units to improve their understanding of science, these scientific papers may be useful for teachers to develop their teaching materials.

著者

大野 信 鈴木 鎮男 河合 輝男

出版者

一般社団法人 映像情報メディア学会

雑誌

テレビジョン学会誌 (ISSN:03866831)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.7, pp.834-836, 1994-07-20 (Released:2011-03-14)

参考文献数

17