著者

定金 計次

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.4, pp.47-59, 1990-03-31 (Released:2017-05-22)

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Indian painting is believed to have started developing in the post-Vedic period. On the basis of early Buddhist literature, it is certain that Buddhist monasteries began to be decorated with mural paintings in the late post-Vedic or the early Mauryan period. This is the first definite connexion between the Buddhist community and painting. We cannot, however, regard this as the true beginning of Indian Buddhist painting. For mural paintings in early Buddhist monasteries almost certainly consisted of decorative motifs which were not peculiar to Buddhism. Though we have no positive data, it seems that cloth paintings used in narrative recitation were popular in the same period. It may well be that Indian Buddhist painting came into existence in the form of such painting, which depicted Jatakas (stories of the Buddha's former births) and stories from the Buddha's life. Early Buddhist relief sculptures on railings and gateways of stupas probably presupposed these cloth paintings. Buddhist shrines had been developing since the Mauryan period. In the post-Mauryan period, Buddhist mural painting, influenced by Buddhist cloth paintings used in narrative recitation and by mural paintings of royal palaces, appeared in Buddhist stupa shrines.

著者

日本臨床腎移植学会・日本移植学会

出版者

一般社団法人 日本移植学会

雑誌

移植 (ISSN:05787947)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2-3, pp.89-108, 2018 (Released:2018-11-07)

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A total of 1,742 kidney transplants including 1,544 from living donors, 65 from non-heart-beating donors and 133 from heart-beating donors were performed in 2017 in Japan.The data obtained from the Japanese Renal Transplant Registry are shown and analyzed in this annual report. The characteristics of recipients and donors such as relationships, original diseases, duration of dialysis therapy, blood transfusion, the status of viral antigens and antibodies, pretransplant complications, the causes of death of deceased donors, ischemic time and histocompatibilities are described. In addition, immunosuppressants used initially and other treatments are analyzed.We also report the results of a follow-up survey for recipients and living donors.

著者

山本 駿一 家里 憲二 長谷川 茂 塚原 常道 近藤 洋一郎 吉田 弘道 寺野 隆

出版者

社団法人 日本腎臓学会

雑誌

日本腎臓学会誌 (ISSN:03852385)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.7, pp.597-602, 2000-10-25 (Released:2010-07-05)

参考文献数

17

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A 38-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital on for evaluation of thirst, bilateral backache and a feeling of abdominal fullness. She had hypokalemia, normotension, hyperreninemia, hyperaldostronism and hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular apparatus on renal iopsy. Ultrasonography, intravenous pyelography and computed tomography showed marked bilateral renal calcification. Considering her history of persistent soft stool caused by chronic laxative abuse for 15 to 16 years and past diuretic abuse for several years since 1986, we diagnosed her as pseudo-Bartter's syndrome with nephrocarcinosis. The value of urinary Ca excretion was in the normal range, and acidification disturbance in NH4C1 loading test was revealed. In addition, she had taken analgesics for 2 to 3 years and interstitial nephritis on renal biopsy was seen. It is thus suggested that the cause of nephrocarcinosis in this case was the reduction of Ca solubility in the tubular cavity induced by incomplete renal tubular acidosis associated with analgesic nephropathy or interstitial nephritis caused by hypokalemia.

著者

Hideo Ohira Wao Tsutsui Yoshio Fujioka

出版者

一般社団法人 日本動脈硬化学会

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.7, pp.660-672, 2017-07-01 (Released:2017-07-01)

参考文献数

108

被引用文献数

344

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Intestinal flora (microbiota) have recently attracted attention among lipid and carbohydrate metabolism researchers. Microbiota metabolize resistant starches and dietary fibers through fermentation and decomposition, and provide short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to the host. The major SCFAs acetates, propionate and butyrate, have different production ratios and physiological activities. Several receptors for SCFAs have been identified as the G-protein coupled receptor 41/free fatty acid receptor 3 (GPR41/FFAR3), GPR43/FFAR2, GPR109A, and olfactory receptor 78, which are present in intestinal epithelial cells, immune cells, and adipocytes, despite their expression levels differing between tissues and cell types. Many studies have indicated that SCFAs exhibit a wide range of functions from immune regulation to metabolism in a variety of tissues and organs, and therefore have both a direct and indirect influence on our bodies. This review will focus on SCFAs, especially butyrate, and their effects on various inflammatory mechanisms including atherosclerosis. In the future, SCFAs may provide new insights into understanding the pathophysiology of chronic inflammation, metabolic disorders, and atherosclerosis, and we can expect the development of novel therapeutic strategies for these diseases.

著者

Kyoko Morimoto Kimiko Miyahara

出版者

The Japanese Society of Nutrition and Dietetics

雑誌

栄養学雑誌 (ISSN:00215147)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.Supplement, pp.S23-S37, 2018-07-01 (Released:2018-08-28)

参考文献数

57

被引用文献数

3

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Objective: This study aimed to ascertain the philosophy and utilization of the current dietary reference intakes of school lunch programs in terms of nutritional management and indicate the role thereof by examining the changes in nutritional management implemented on the basis of the School Lunch Act enacted in 1954.Methods: We summarized the role of nutritional management of school lunches by carefully examining the information required for nutritional management through an examination of the history, laws, results of surveys serving as indicators of nutritional management reforms, revisions in nutritional management of school lunches and the circumstances surrounding those revisions, survey reference materials on current nutritional management of school lunches, and a search of the literature, including previous researches regarding changes in nutritional management of school lunches in Japan from World War II to the present.Results: The School Lunch Act was enacted following the World War II for the purpose of indicating basic nutritional standards and standard dietary composition tables relating to nutritional management, and nutrition and meal plans have since been implemented on the basis thereof. The menu contents of school lunches have been periodically revised based on survey results accompanied by changes in Japanese eating habits, and menu plans have been devised in consideration of incorporating a diverse range of foods and regional characteristics, with school lunches incorporating more than one-third of those nutrients unlikely to be consumed in the home each day.Conclusion: The nutritional management of school lunches in Japan following the World War II has been revised in response to the changing times based on the School Lunch Act. The dietary pattern of school lunches in Japan established as full meal consisting of staple food, milk and an accompanying dish. Nutritional Standards were set to higher standard values than one-third of the daily energy requirement and one-third or more of the daily nutrient intake based on the actual circumstances surrounding the schoolchildren. Menu controls were developed by suitably combining a diverse range of foods while considering such factors as regional characteristics based on the Nutritional Standard values and contribute to the daily dietary intake status of schoolchildren.

著者

Yu Saito Yuto Koseki Bunpei Hatano Kazuaki Sato Susumu Okubo Hitoshi Ohta Tateaki Ogata

出版者

科学・技術研究会

雑誌

科学・技術研究 (ISSN:21864942)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.61-68, 2018 (Released:2018-07-05)

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The spin-trapping ESR (ST-ESR) method, which observes unstable radicals as stable spin adducts using electron spin resonance (ESR), is an effective experimental method for evaluating chemical reactions involving radical reactions. For instance, reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radicals and so on is trapped well by spin-trapping reagent like as DMPO. In this research, we considered the analytical conditions of generation and detection of singlet oxygen. All conditions were decided based on the viewpoints of high usability for the singlet oxygen scavenging/quenching evaluating method. In addition, all experimental conditions were examined with a solvent-independent measurement method. In this study, a nonaqueous solution is N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and an aqueous solution is phosphate buffer solution (PBS, 100 mM pH 7.4). In each solvent CDCl3 or D2O was added at a 10 vol.% ratio respectively. Because heavy solvent was previously reported as an extending lifetime of singlet oxygen. The experimental conditions of singlet oxygen were examined by two different generation/detection methods. Photosensitization method using organic dye and thermal decomposition method by naphthalene derivative endoperoxide were studied as generation method, and 4,4’-bis (1-p-carboxyphenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxyl) pyrazole (DRD156) and 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrroline-carboxamide (TPC) were studied as detection reagent, respectively. As a result, DRD156 and thermolysis method was good combination for singlet oxygen generation and detection in aqueous solution (around neutral condition) and nonaqueous solution.

著者

寺尾 尚大 髙橋 麻衣子 清河 幸子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.89.17312, (Released:2018-11-15)

参考文献数

21

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When reading orally, we produce the auditory information of the text through articulatory movements. We investigated the roles of articulatory movements and speech feedback in Japanese text comprehension. Previous studies of Japanese sentence comprehension showed that articulatory movements provide a function to retain word order information and that speech feedback facilitates complementary information processing. We predicted an effect of articulatory movements on verbatim memory and a limited influence of speech feedback on passage comprehension. Twenty-four undergraduates were asked to read 12 Japanese passages with or without articulatory movements and speech feedback. They then performed two types of tasks: verbatim memory and passage comprehension. The results showed that verbatim memory task performance improved with articulatory movements, whereas speech feedback had little effect on either task performance. We concluded that articulatory movements support the memory process and that speech feedback has little contribution to text memory and comprehension among adult readers.

著者

宮本 雅明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会論文報告集 (ISSN:03871185)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.297, pp.131-138, 1980-11-30 (Released:2017-08-22)

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This paper is a study on the actual state of the architects' and engineers' organization in the Ministry of Education, which showed a large scale of activity as an architectural design organization for higher educational facilities. Here, paying a special attention to activity system of the organization which mainly means architectural design and construction management, I make clear the functional side of the organization in the Meiji Era. And at last, I try to clarify the responsible architect or engineer in charge of each main construction work. Contents of this paper are as follows; 1. Activity system in the Mid-Meiji Era 2. Activity system in the Late-Meiji Era 3. Activity system of the organization in imperial universities 4. Conclusion

著者

竹之内 診佐夫

出版者

公益社団法人 全日本鍼灸学会

雑誌

自律神経雑誌 (ISSN:03870952)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.3, pp.11-15, 1970-10-20 (Released:2011-05-30)

著者

品田 瑞穂

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.89.17339, (Released:2018-11-15)

参考文献数

19

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This study examined how the attitude of an interviewer affected the perceived deceptiveness of interviewees. Forty-four university students (20 males and 24 females) were interviewed, and either told the truth or lied about their experience. They were randomly assigned to the conversation condition or the accusation condition. The interviewer in the conversation condition nodded and made eye contact with the interviewees, whereas the interviewer in the accusation condition did not look at the interviewees and suspected what the interviewees said. Neutral observers watched the videotaped interviews and rated their perceived deceptiveness of the interviewees. The results indicated that accusations by the interviewer increased non-verbal behaviors (e.g., eye blinking) of the interviewees, and the increased eye blinking amplified the perceived deceptiveness of the interviewees.

著者

堀川 一男 梅沢 義信 世良 真一 合田 孝純 中島 貞一 足立 彰 水川 清 作井 誠太 中村 正久 布村 成具 大森 正信 藤原 達雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.3, pp.418-430, 1961-03-01 (Released:2010-10-12)

著者

MURATA Hidehiko SAITOH Kotaro SUMIDA Yasuhiko

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2018-049, (Released:2018-07-13)

被引用文献数

12

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Combination of three visible bands of the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) on-board JMA's new-generation Himawari-8 and -9 geostationary meteorological satellites enable production of true color imagery. True color is intuitively understandable to human analysts and beneficial for monitoring surface and atmospheric features. It is especially useful when applied to frequent observation from a geostationary platform. This article reports on an application of a color reproduction approach based on the CIE 1931 XYZ color system to imagery rendering. The approach allows consideration of primary color (RGB) differences among satellite and output devices which in turn cause differences in the colors reproduced. The RGB signals observed by AHI are converted to XYZ tristimulus values, which are independent of devices themselves, and then re-converted to RGB signals for output devices via the application of 3 x 3 conversion matrices. The article also covers an objective technique for the evaluation of XYZ values accuracy. The evaluation indicated that the combination of AHI native RGB bands is sub-optimal for obtaining XYZ values as-is, while a combination in which the green band is replaced by a pseudo band with a central wavelength of around 0.555 µm is optimal. The pseudo band is generated via regression with existing visible and near-infrared bands as predictor variables. The imagery produced using this approach was termed True Color Reproduction (TCR). The approach is applicable to other satellites that have several bands in the visible to near-infrared spectral range, and has the potential for development toward the production of standardized sensor-independent true color imagery.

著者

吉本 敏雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本ゴム協会

雑誌

日本ゴム協会誌 (ISSN:0029022X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.11, pp.896-910, 1964 (Released:2008-04-16)

参考文献数

36

著者

前山 智弘 北出 理 松本 忠夫

出版者

日本熱帯生態学会

雑誌

Tropics (ISSN:0917415X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1+2, pp.93-103, 1997 (Released:2009-04-25)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

2 3

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アリ植物に住みつくアリ以外の生物についての詳細かっ定量的な調査報告はほとんどないが,アリ植物と動物との共生関係を解明するためには,アリ植物内の全動物相の調査が必要である。我々はパプア·ニューギニアのマングローブ林において,着生性アリ植物Hydnophytum moseleyanumの483個体を対象に,その塊茎部の空洞に住みつく全動物相を調査した。その結果,11種のアリに加え39種の動物(昆虫などの節足動物と,ある種のトカゲ)が見いだされた。必ずアリのいる空洞で見つかる種が7種,アリがいる空洞·いない空洞の双方で見つかる種が6種みられたが,その他の全ての種はアリが住みついていない空洞内においてのみ見いだされた。ほとんどの動物種は着生性アリ植物を偏利共生的に利用し,捕食者や乾燥から身を守る隠れ家として使っていると思われる。着生性アリ植物の存在によって,多様で複雑な空間構造が提供され,樹上の動物相の多様性が維持されていると考えられた。

著者

浪川 幸彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

科学教育研究 (ISSN:03864553)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.12-21, 2009-03-10 (Released:2017-06-30)

参考文献数

7

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Mathematics is not only one of the oldest and most profound majors of natural science but also serves as a solid linguistic and methodological foundation of natural science. We use numbers and figures in daily life, but the world of mathematics is much wider and richer. To use mathematics in natural or social science is nothing but to see the (natural and human) world through the eyes of mathematics and to understand the world through the language of mathematics. In the 21st century of high science technology and global economy, mathematical knowledge will be increasingly important not only for scientists or economists, but also for all citizens. In this article we explain our understanding of mathematics concerning (1) the nature of mathematics, (2) important concepts of mathematics including statistics, (3) features of mathematics as a language, and (4) its relation with other sciences. This paper is an expository summary of the report by the "Mathematical Science" Committee of the "Science Literacy for All Japanese" Project.

著者

笠原 聡子 杉本 千恵 岡 耕平

出版者

公益社団法人 日本看護科学学会

雑誌

日本看護科学会誌 (ISSN:02875330)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.160-168, 2018 (Released:2018-11-13)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

2

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目的:二次元レジリエンス要因尺度(BRS; Bidimensional Resilience Scale)の信頼性と妥当性を看護学生と看護師で検討する.方法:看護学生246名と看護師881名に自記式質問紙調査を実施した.BRSについて,Cronbachのα,精神的回復力尺度(ARS; Adolescent Resilience Scale)との相関・偏相関分析,共分散構造分析による高次因子分析を行った.結果:看護学生230名と看護師742名から有効回答を得た.高次因子分析により2尺度(資質/獲得RS)7因子の2次元構造が確認された.統御力を資質RSから獲得RSに移行したモデルでの適合度改善はなかった.Cronbachのαは0.49~0.85であり,ARSと有意な相関があった.結論:BRSの信頼性と妥当性は確認されたが,一部因子では結果の解釈に注意が必要である.

著者

竹村 和子

出版者

公益財団法人 日本学術協力財団

雑誌

学術の動向 (ISSN:13423363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.11, pp.56-57, 2006-11-01 (Released:2009-12-21)

著者

野口 学 田畑 貞寿

出版者

社団法人 日本造園学会

雑誌

造園雑誌 (ISSN:03877248)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.5, pp.271-276, 1991-03-31 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

1

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夜間利用を考慮した公園や緑道の設計計画の諸要因を導き出すためには, 夜間における公園利用者の行動, 意識等の適切な評価が必要である. 本研究では調査対象地として日比谷公園 (東京都), 山下公園 (横浜市), グリーンパーク遊歩道 (武蔵野市) を取り上げて, 直接面接法によるアンケート調査と公園平面図等による図上計測を行い考察した. その結果, 夜間利用を考慮した公園や緑道の設計計画の諸要因において重要な位置を占める要因は, 「樹木被覆地率」と「照明計画」等であることが明らかになった.

著者

山本 智一 竹中 真希子 稲垣 成哲 山口 悦司 大島 純 大島 律子 村山 功 中山 迅

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

日本科学教育学会年会論文集 27 (ISSN:21863628)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.163-164, 2003-07-20 (Released:2018-05-16)

参考文献数

4

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筆者らは, CSCLシステムのKnowledge Forumを小学校へ導入し, 遺伝子組み換え食品問題をテーマとした授業のデザイン実験を実施してきている。本研究では, 遺伝子組み換え食品に関する内容理解と社会的な論争性を踏まえた上での意思決定という教育目標の達成と, KFを利用した他者の知識へのアクセスという観点から, 子どもたちの知識構築活動の分析を行った。その結果, 多くの他者の知識にアクセスすることは子どもたちの内容理解や意思決定に寄与していた可能性が示唆された。

著者

前田 浩人 曽川 一幸 林 加織 石毛 崇之 阿部 抄織 砂川 知宏 谷川 滋子 金岩 篤司 三品 美夏 渡辺 俊文 古畑 勝則

出版者

日本獣医腎泌尿器学会

雑誌

日本獣医腎泌尿器学会誌 (ISSN:18832652)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.50-54, 2018 (Released:2018-05-11)

参考文献数

14

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ネコの下部尿路疾患の2-10%の症例において細菌感染が認められる。MALDI-BioTyper Systemを応用し、ネコの尿における直接菌種同定を試み、時間の短縮について検討を行った。2015年8月10日から2016年3月31日の間に前田獣医科医院に受診し、細菌性膀胱炎と診されたネコ43匹の尿を検体とした。MALDI-BioTyper Systemによる細菌の同定は、グラム陰性菌で92.0%、グラム陽性球菌で37.5%であり、検体採取後30分で同定可能であった。本法は、尿中細菌同定分析を短時間で同定が可能な方法である。