著者
佐野 美奈
出版者
日本教育工学会
雑誌
日本教育工学会論文誌 (ISSN:13498290)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.41, no.Suppl., pp.005-008, 2018-03-01 (Released:2018-03-01)
参考文献数
5

幼児の音楽的表現における身体的な動きの要素は大きい.本研究では,3D モーションキャプチャーを用いて,筆者考案のMEB プログラムの実践過程における幼児の音楽的表現の動作解析を行い,動きの要素の変化に関する特徴を見い出そうとした.1年間,3歳児4歳児5歳児にMEBプログラムを実践し,その活動段階順に1回ずつ計4回分の音楽的表現における身体的な動きを,MVN システムにより測定した.その取得データについて定量的分析を行った結果,特に骨盤および右手の移動距離および両手間隔の変化に,実践の活動段階・年齢による音楽的表現における動きの要素の特徴的な変化を読み取ることができることがわかった.
著者
栗林 賢
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地理学会
雑誌
E-journal GEO (ISSN:18808107)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.2, pp.463-472, 2018 (Released:2018-10-04)
参考文献数
9

近年,廃棄されるはずの食品を企業などから収集し,食品の支援を必要とする生活困窮者などに再分配するフードバンク団体の活動が活発になってきている.しかし,地方に立地する団体の多くは東京に立地するセカンドハーベスト・ジャパン(以下,2HJ)からの食品の転送によって活動を維持できている状況にある.そこで本研究では,2HJからの転送を受けてこなかったフードバンク団体がどのようにして食品調達先を確保し,活動を維持してきたのかを,東京から遠距離にある北海道に立地するフードバンク団体を事例に明らかにした.その結果,事例としたフードバンク団体の中でも,活動を開始する以前から近接する他団体との繋がりを有していた団体は,活動初期から食品提供を受けたり,調達先を紹介してもらっていた.一方で,他団体との繋がりを有していなかった事例でも,調達方法の工夫や活動の周知によって食品調達先を確保し,活動を維持できていることもわかった.
著者
山元 康平 宮代 賢治 内藤 景 木越 清信 谷川 聡 大山卞 圭悟 宮下 憲 尾縣 貢
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.1, pp.159-173, 2014 (Released:2014-06-13)
参考文献数
39
被引用文献数
2

This study was conducted to clarify the relationship between race pattern and performance in the men's 400-m race. Using several video cameras, 154 male 400-m sprinters (45-46 s: 26, 47 s: 35, 48 s: 58, 49 s: 35) in official competitions were videotaped at a sampling rate of 59.94 Hz from the start to the finish. The split time at every 50 m from the start was calculated using the Overlay method, which analyzes the split time by superimposing an image of the 400-m race onto an image of the hurdles in a 400-m hurdle race. Each segment was defined as follows: First segment, from the start to the 100-m mark; 2nd segment, from the 100-m mark to the 200-m mark; 3rd segment, from the 200-m mark to the 300-m mark; 4th segment, from the 300-m mark to the finish. The results of regression analysis revealed significant correlations between the 400-m race time and the all of the segment times (r=0.589-0.887, p<0.001), the ratio of the time for the 3rd segment (r=0.290, p<0.001) to that of the 4th segment (r=0.218, p<0.01), the rate of change in running speed from the 1st to the 2nd segments (r=−0.317, p<0.001), and that from the 2nd to the 3rd segments (r=−0.271, p<0.01). However, the relationship between the 400-m race time and the deceleration index (the slope of the linear relationship between running speed and the number of segments from the peak running speed to the finish) was not significant (r=0.154, p=0.056). These results suggest that it is important to maintain running speed in the 2nd and 3rd 100-m segments to achieve high performance in the 400-m sprint.
著者
Joshua J Gooley
出版者
The Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan
雑誌
Journal of Science and Technology in Lighting (ISSN:24323225)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.41, pp.69-76, 2018-03-20 (Released:2018-03-26)
参考文献数
46
被引用文献数
5

Light is the most important environmental signal for synchronizing human circadian rhythms. The circadian system is normally synchronized with the solar day, ensuring that the sleep–wake cycle and endocrine rhythms are timed appropriately. However, exposure to electrical lighting can also reset circadian rhythms. In this short review, we discuss properties of light stimuli that are important for resetting the human circadian system. The direction and magnitude of light resetting are circadian phase-dependent, with exposure to light in the early biological night resulting in a phase-delay shift of circadian rhythms, and exposure to light in the late biological night and early morning resulting in a phase-advance shift. Circadian resetting responses can be enhanced by increasing the irradiance or duration of the light stimulus, or by using short-wavelength blue light to activate intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells that express the photopigment melanopsin. This knowledge can potentially be applied to improve light therapy for circadian rhythm sleep disorders, and to help reset circadian rhythms in individuals exposed to shift work or jet lag.
著者
村田 陽平
出版者
The Human Geographical Society of Japan
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, no.5, pp.532-548, 2005-10-28 (Released:2009-04-28)
参考文献数
56
被引用文献数
1 1

The consideration of male bodies is a significant issue for gender studies in geography since they are an influential factor in constructing gendered spaces. Few studies, however, have paid attention to male bodies, a fact that contrasts starkly with the amount of attention directed toward female bodies. Thus, the objective of this study is to clarify how male bodies contribute to the construction of gender-differentiated spaces by investigating the representation of tobacco advertisements in Japan.In Japan, smoking is primarily a male behavior; the smoking rate for men is about 47%, whereas that for women is about 12%. This is because Japanese tobacco advertisements tend to represent male bodies and their spaces around them.This study uses Japanese tobacco advertisements in Japanese magazines during 1987-2000. Surveying these advertisements, the following five characteristics were more significantly associated with represented male bodies than with female bodies.First, male bodies are represented with natural scenery whereas female bodies are represented in artificial environments. This implies that male bodies are intended to challenge nature. The images also emphasize the vastness of their space.Second, male bodies are represented with few words, while female bodies are accompanied by many words. This means that male space is emphasized by quiet, dignified male bodies through the elimination of words.Third, male bodies are accompanied by women's eyes. This representation of women gazing deeply at smoking men leads to the acknowledgement of male smoking space. This also means that male space is supported by female bodies.Fourth, male bodies are represented with the gesture of exhaling smoke, whereas such representation of female bodies is controlled. This difference indicates that only males are allowed to control their space by breathing out smoke.Fifth, male bodies are represented with distance between each other, contrary to women's bodies. Male relationships are defined only by their work, women, and smoking in order to bridge the distance.In conclusion, Japanese tobacco advertisements represent male bodies and contribute to the construction of male space as well as suggesting how men's personal space is associated with the wide open spaces. On the other hand, this finding also means the advertisements are prejudiced and biased toward men and the spaces they occupy. Therefore, it follows that we need to elucidate the meanings of "ordinary" male bodies in daily spaces.
著者
岡田 桂
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.15110, (Released:2016-04-06)
参考文献数
28

This study analyzed the momentum of the (hetero) sexualization of masculinity through physical culture magazines published during the 1930s-1980s in the United States, and also examined the social conditions caused by the corresponding changes. Since Foucault suggested the “repressive hypothesis” of sexuality, it has been widely recognized that, at some moment in modern history, same sex desire was identified as an inevitable identity, rather than just a deviant act, as considered previously.  However, several recent studies have questioned this hypothesis as being oversimplified. By reviewing previous research, this study examined the momentum of segregation between hetero/homosexual desire, which was observed in the 1950s, i.e. much more recently than generally recognized, and the obvious hetero-sexualization of the masculine ideal, which occurred after the 1970s.  The method employed was to compare two major physical culture magazines. To provide a contrasting perspective with regard to different sexuality, the first (famous) physique magazine, which began to be published in 1951 for potentially homosexual customers, was adopted to comparatively and diachronically examine the representation of male figures on the cover pages. This analysis revealed the following results:  1. During the 1930s-1950s, the ideal of masculinity was not yet hetero-sexualized and exemplified a broad range of desire which was not yet segregated as hetero/homosexual.  2. During the 1950s-1960s, physical culture magazines started to exclude non-heterosexual elements from their representations because of the risk that they could be potentially interpreted as homosexual.  3. The rise of the sexual minority rights movement in and after the 1970s, and the 1980s AIDS panic promoted homosexual visibility and expedited homophobia as a form of counter-action. This advance caused rapid and obvious hetero-sexualization of mainstream physical culture media.  In conclusion, the reason for the hetero-sexualization of physical culture magazines was a reaction to the increasing presence of homosexuals. It could be said that the rise of heterosexual self-consciousness itself was, to some extent, a counter to, and paradoxically caused by the creation and increasing awareness of homosexual identity. Moreover, these changes in the masculine ideal, and especially the examples before the 1950s, suggest the possibility of an ideal masculinity shared by hetero/homosexual males, which Sedgwick (2001) suggests is a homosocial continuum—namely, homosociality without discontinuity between homosocial and homosexual desire.
著者
守上 祐樹 藤森 明 久米井 真衣 灰原 博子 岡田 志緒子 溝渕 憲子 坂井 誠 中西 健
出版者
一般社団法人 日本透析医学会
雑誌
日本透析医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13403451)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.2, pp.187-190, 2016 (Released:2016-02-28)
参考文献数
6
被引用文献数
1

血流量 (QB) とTMPの関係を明らかにする目的で, 血液透析 (HD) および前希釈オンライン血液透析濾過 (OHDF) の際, 血液側入口圧 (PBi), 血液側出口圧 (PBo), 透析液側入口圧 (PDi), 透析液側出口圧 (PDo) の4点の圧を測定した. 透析液流量は500mL/分とし, 血液流量 (QB) を100mL/分から250mL/分まで変化させTMPの変動を観察した. 5種類の計算式でTMPを算出し比較した. TMPの値は計算法によって大きく異なった. QBを上昇させた場合, HD条件ではすべての計算法でTMPは低下した. 一方, 前希釈OHDFではPBiを測定した計算法でTMPは上昇, その他の計算法では低下した. QBを上昇させると血液側の圧損失が増大するため, PBiを測定しなければ計算上のTMPの誤差が大きくなるものと考えられた. QB上昇の際, HDでは剪断速度の上昇のためTMPは低下し, 前希釈OHDFではQBの上昇により希釈率が低下したためTMPが上昇したと考えられた.
著者
宋 仁善
出版者
日本文学協会
雑誌
日本文学 (ISSN:03869903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, no.9, pp.54-63, 2006-09-10 (Released:2017-08-01)

「生け贄男は必要か」は、ベトナム戦争をめぐる同時代の状況に密接に関わる作品である。作中、玩具爆弾の寓意的な仕掛け、狂気じみた「善」という人物の両義的な設定には、当時日本の兵器輸出の黒幕を暴こうとする作者の戦略が作用している。人肉食と生け贄の神話的なモチーフは、反復される戦争と復興の惨めなシステムへの諷刺である。日本帝国に取って代わったアメリカ帝国のあべこべな状況、反戦と特需が共存する同時代の自家撞着など、判然としないこの時期の全体像を提示するために、大江はこの作品でメニッポス的諷刺の方法論を援用している。
著者
淺田 義和 八木(佐伯) 街子
出版者
日本教育工学会
雑誌
日本教育工学会論文誌 (ISSN:13498290)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.S42062, (Released:2018-10-09)
参考文献数
9

Moodle は学習履歴として様々なデータを記録・保持している.しかし,学習分析や教学IR といった観点から記録したログを利用しようとする場合,その抽出にあたっての機能はやや不十分であるといえる.今回,Moodle のプラグインの1つであるConfigurable Reports を用い,目的に応じてデータベースより直接情報を抽出することを試みた.この結果,フォーラム上での投稿傾向やMoodle そのものの活用状況などを抽出することができた.データ抽出時の負荷などを考慮すると抽出用のSQL には改善の余地が残されているが,これらは学習者支援あるいはFacultyDevelopment の検討を行うための基盤データとして利用可能と考えられる.
著者
鶴田 利郎
出版者
日本教育工学会
雑誌
日本教育工学会論文誌 (ISSN:13498290)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.4, pp.411-422, 2012-03-30 (Released:2016-08-08)
参考文献数
28

本研究では,ネット安全教育で扱うべき教育内容として示されている「ネット危機」(田中2009a)の1つであるネット依存に関する指導において,自己の生活のあり方を自律的に改善する力を育てることを目的とするR-PDCAサイクルの活動に注目した.そこで,田中(2009b)が示したR-PDCAサイクルの特色,具体的活動例をもとに,ネット依存に関するネット安全教育の単元内容を構成し,2009年7月から9月の間の計8時間の枠組みで,私立K高等学校の情報Bの授業内で授業実践を試行した.生徒を対象に行った質問紙調査の結果,授業実践で行ったR-PDCAサイクルの活動を通して,多くの生徒が携帯電話やパソコンの利用におけるルールの大切さについて肯定的な認識を持ったこと,携帯電話やパソコンを利用する際に,多くの生徒が自分自身で様々なことを意識しながら利用するようになったと認識していることなどが確認できた.以上より,ネット依存に関する指導におけるR-PDCAサイクルの学習活動の有効性が示唆された.
著者
久高 將晃
出版者
日本哲学会
雑誌
哲学 (ISSN:03873358)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2016, no.67, pp.201-215, 2016-04-01 (Released:2017-06-13)
参考文献数
3

Die Absicht dieser Abhandlung ist es, die Anwendbarkeit der Diskursethik durch die Lösung des Anwendungsproblems in der Diskursethik aufzuzeigen. Es handelt sich beim Anwendungsproblem der Diskursethik um die Frage, ob diskursethische Moralprinzipien auf reale Problemsituationen anwendbar sind. Die Anwendbarkeit der Diskursethik haben Diskursethiker mit verschiedenen Ansätzen aufzuzeigen versucht.Aber die bisherigen diskursethischen Ansätze sind m. E. nicht geeignet, das Anwendungsproblem zu lösen. Die Gründe dafür sind, dass erstens Diskursethiker (außer K.-O. Apel) nicht den inneren Diskurs als Diskurs mit sich selbst, sondern nur den öffentlichen Diskurs als Diskurs mit realen Gesprächspartnern akzeptieren und es reale Problemsituationen gibt, in denen ein öffentlicher Diskurs überhaupt nicht durchführbar ist. Die Anerkennung des inneren Diskurses muss also begründet werden. Zweitens sind die bisherigen diskursethischen Moralprinzipien nicht geeignet, reale Problemsituationen abzudecken. Es ist daher erforderlich, ein neues Moralprinzip zu formulieren. Es kommt also in diesem Aufsatz darauf an, durch Antworten auf diese beiden Fragen die Möglichkeit der Anwendung der Diskursethik nachzuweisen.Zu diesem Zweck stelle ich zunächst die Kantische Problemsituation als Prüfstein für das Anwendungsproblem der Diskursethik dar (1). Daraufhin betrachte ich, ob die bisherigen diskursethischen Moralprinzipien auf die Kantische Problemsituation anwendbar sind, um dann die beiden Probleme aufzuzeigen (2). Und durch die Begründung der Anerkennung des inneren Diskurses (3) und die Formulierung eines neuen Moralprinzips (4) wird herausgestellt, dass die Diskursethik auf reale Problemsituationen angewandt werden kann (5).
著者
佐々島 暁 十亀 昭人
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.79, no.701, pp.1561-1566, 2014-07-30 (Released:2014-09-30)
参考文献数
28

The hatch of the International Space Station (ISS) has been designed based on the “NASA STANDARD”. This hatch has been designed for the transportation of equipment, and wasn't for the use of man. In case of using of civilian who aren't trained, the hatch of the ISS isn't secure enough to ensure their safety. We observed the emergency evacuation behavior of crowds flocking to the hatch, under microgravity conditions. This underwater experiment simulates microgravity conditions. This study also verified the validity of the appropriate positions of handrails used to evacuate. The underwater experiments where the 3 handrails were positioned in the direction of the exit, allowed for the shortest evacuation times. It was proven that the specific alignment of the handrails decreased the speed of the crowd, which allowed for all participants to exit in an orderly manner. We can conclude that an efficient and controlled evacuation of a crowd is a result of the handrails and their strategic positioning.
著者
早乙女 誉 S.Nicole CULOS-REED
出版者
日本スポーツ産業学会
雑誌
スポーツ産業学研究 (ISSN:13430688)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.4, pp.4_287-4_294, 2018 (Released:2018-10-12)
参考文献数
28

The purpose of this article was to introduce the case of the Aspen Institute Project Play and to consider a few current topics in Japanese youth sports. In 2013 this project was launched by the Aspen Institute Sports and Society Program in the U.S. Subsequently, it has produced multiple reports regarding issues surrounding youth sports in the U.S and has held annual summits to address these issues (2016, 2017). Additionally, it has succeeded in obtaining various stakeholders’ support (e.g. MLB, NBA, NBC Sports Network and NIKE) through implementation of its nationwide projects. The primary issues around childhood play/movement that Project Play has highlighted are the impact of childhood obesity and inactive lifestyles. To address these concerns, they developed eight strategies, including the “Sport for All, Play for Life Model”. This model aims to encourage all young people in the U.S to participate in competitive and/or recreational sports throughout their lives. In summary, the strengths of this project can be described as improving the cycle “research → strategy → evaluation” based on the above-referenced model. Furthermore, the vast network of stakeholders has enhanced the impact of its resources. Therefore, in the Japanese youth sports setting, it might be useful to consider the development of a similar model which encompasses both competitive and lifelong sports. Two key steps, as demonstrated by Project Play, are development of an effective network and utilizing the existing data related to youth sports in Japan.
著者
Yasushi Hori Manami Fujisawa Kenji Shimada Akira Oda Shinichiro Katsuyama Keiji Wada
出版者
The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
雑誌
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.4, pp.486-491, 2004 (Released:2004-04-01)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
11 32

We have established a new method of HPLC analysis for the rapid separation from human serum and the quantification of 4-O-methylpyridoxine (MPN), which is contained in Ginkgo biloba seeds, and which, when consumed in large amounts, causes vomiting and convulsions. As a result of using IPCC-MS3 (GL Science, Tokyo, Japan), an ion-pair reagent, in the mobile phase, we succeeded in separating MPN in the deproteinized serum sample which was introduced directly onto the reverse-phase HPLC column. For the calibration curve of MPN standard solution, prepared with fluorescence detection at an excitation wavelength of 290 nm and an emission wavelength of 400 nm, a good linear relationship was obtained within the HPLC injection range of 10 ng—10 pg (in terms of the injected sample concentration, range: 1.0 μg/ml—1 ng/ml), allowing the detection of minute amounts, with the limit of detection (concentration of injected sample: 500 pg/ml) being 5 pg. In addition, when MPN solution was added to human reference serum to give a concentration of 0.002 μg/ml, the mean recovery rate was 92.5%, with RSD=7.09% (n=5). The time required for one analysis using this method is approximately 30 min, and thus it offers the advantages of greater speed and superior analytical sensitivity over the conventional methods, which require solid-phase extraction. We employed our new method to determine both the serum levels of MPN in 5 patients with Ginkgo biloba seed poisoning and the levels of free-form MPN in such seeds obtained in 8 regions of Japan.
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.9, pp.818-819, 2016 (Released:2016-09-02)

特集にあたって:近年,様々な分野で「大麻・カンナビノイド」が注目を浴びつつある.大麻はもちろん大麻取締法で規制される依存性薬物であるが,医療用大麻は日本以外では鎮痛や食欲増進,吐き気の緩和などを目的に使われているのも事実である.そこで本特集号では大麻草や内因性カンナビノイドシステムの現況をより深く知り,米国での医療用大麻使用や社会問題化した危険ドラッグの実情に迫るとともに,創薬標的としてカンナビノイドCB1,CB2受容体に焦点を当て,化学系・生物系・医療系など多分野の先生方にご執筆いただき,分野横断的な特集とした.表紙の説明:近年,大麻草(右下)に注目(一筋の光り)が集まりつつある.医療用大麻は世界では欠かせない医薬品になりつつあり,大麻の主要成分であるΔ9-THC(左手上の化合物)が特異的に作用するカンナビノイドCB1,CB2受容体(イラスト)は新たな創薬標的として研究が進むが,カンナビノイド受容体は危険ドラッグ(右手)の作用点でもあり,影の部分があることも否めない.