著者
村田 陽平
出版者
一般社団法人 人文地理学会
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.6, pp.533-551, 2000-12-28 (Released:2009-04-28)
参考文献数
80
被引用文献数
4 5

Over the decades since the 1970s, feminist geography has challenged the exclusion of women from the production of geographical knowledge. With the emergence of feminist geography, gender perspectives have attracted considerable attention. However, men who feel alienated by changing gender roles have not received much attention. The purpose of this article is to elucidate the empirical situation of the masculinity of geographical knowledge by highlighting the major characteristics of alienated middle-aged single men in contemporary Japan.In the introductory section, an overview and the significance of feminist geography are discussed. This is followed by a discussion of the importance of men's studies within gender research in geography. The development of men's studies has enabled an interrogation of masculinity from varied angles.The second section is devoted to an explanation of the interview method employed in the article and its limitations. The informants are ten single men, aged 35-64. Their narratives are quoted as evidence of their alienation.The third section interprets the concrete places within which middle-aged single men feel alienated. The specific contents of these places of alienation are presented as follows:1. In rural areas, where they do not play an important role within patriarchy, they are not regarded as 'full-fledged' men.2. At the workplace, where they are unable to participate in male bonding which is a feature of homosocial workspaces.3. At home, where the lack of women results in their homes being labelled as 'dirty', as men are considered to lack the ability to do housework.4. In contemporary gendered urban spaces, where despite an image of these spaces allowing diversity, middle-aged single men feel suppressed.The evidence from the research points to the above four factors being the main considerations underlying the alienation of single and middle-aged men.Based upon the discussion of the preceding sections, the fourth section interprets the meanings of space and place from the standpoint of men who feel alienated, with reference to feminist geography. Firstly, it is noted that place in humanistic geography, which has been criticized by feminist geography as having a masculinist bias, alienates middle-aged single men, as well as women. Moreover, feminist geography points out that the notion of space in Marxist geography is also gendered. This paper draws attention to the fact that gendered space does not privilege all men, but just those men who meet certain conditions of masculinity.The final section discusses the conclusion reached, that hegemonic masculinity in geographical knowledge oppresses not only women, but also men. Therefore, it follows that we need to elucidate differences among men.
著者
毛塚 和宏
出版者
数理社会学会
雑誌
理論と方法 (ISSN:09131442)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.2, pp.337-354, 2013 (Released:2014-09-01)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
3

教育達成の階層間格差を説明する相対リスク回避仮説(Breen and Goldthorpe 1997)の検証は世界各国で行われたが,日本においてはおおむね否定的な結果が得られている.本稿では,日本における受験制度を考慮して,下降回避仮説の代替モデルとして,定員と自分の成績を参照して,進学するか否かを決定するという「単純進学モデル」を構築し,マクロ・ミクロの両面から下降回避仮説と比較・検討を行った.下降回避仮説としては,BreenとGoldthorpeの相対リスク回避モデルと,学歴に対する下降回避を考慮した二重回避モデルを想定した.マクロレベルでは,数理モデルを構築し,各モデルに基づいて大学進学率を導出した.これを経験的データと照らし合わせてモデルの妥当性を検討する.ミクロレベルでは,数理モデルから導出された個人の意思決定に関する命題に対して,JGSS-2000, 2001データを用いて検討を加えた.ミクロレベルの分析には,ロジスティック回帰モデルを用い,モデルを同定するために,一部の変数に対しプロビット変換を施した.結果,下降回避仮説を導入した2つのモデルは現実のデータに対する説明力を欠き,,単純進学モデルが最も妥当性が高いことが示された.特に,相対リスク回避モデルはマクロレベルの検討において棄却された.
著者
市川 健二郎
出版者
Japan Society for Southeast Asian Studies
雑誌
東南アジア -歴史と文化- (ISSN:03869040)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1971, no.1, pp.79-100, 1971-10-28 (Released:2010-03-16)

Because she was not a Western colonial country, but an Asian Kingdom and a member of the Axis Power, wartime Thailand was free from Japanese military administration and a able to keep aloof from warfare after the friendly entry of the Japanese army, Thai political leaders assumed a pattern of “compromise” rather than “hostility” in response to the Japanese impact. Although intellectually, most Thai leaders did not agree with the Japanese idea of “The Great East Asia Go-prosperity Sphere, ” they accelerated an allied relationship with Japan to avoid a possibly critical situation of Japanese militarism sweeping all over the country. For her own national benefit in facing increasing Japanese power in Southeast Asia, Thailand put pressure on the anti-Japanese boycott movement of the Chinese within a country, sat on her fence of neutrality and tried to remain out side the Japanese military occupation until the opening day of the war. Even after December 8, 1941, when she recognized the friendly entry of the Japanese army, Thailand tried hard to stand behind the bay line by contributing economic ally to the Japanese military operation in Burma, Malaya and Singapore.In wartime, Pibul Songkram, Prime Minister of the Government, promoted Rathaniyom (Patriotic Movement) and Thai Yai (Great Thai Nation Movement through which he wanted to keep national stability based on of traditional Thai sentiment rather than the idea of individual freedom from the Constitutional Revolution in 1932. In terms of motivation, therefore, these movements were quite different from the Japanese idea of the “Co-prosperity Sphere.” Meanwhile, the dynamics of the anti-Japanese “Free Thai” movement were accelerated by Thai elites and university students then in the United States and the United Kingdom. There they carried out the actual plan to develop their resistance against Japan. On the other hand, Thai leaders, except several domestic “Free Thai” leaders, outwardly continued their friendly relations with the Japanese while secretly linking up with the “Free Thai” members in order to find a new place for themselves after the war. With the benefits of this duality, they reserved their own clear cut opinion and left rooms for changing attitudes to their advantage.Chinese leaders in economic circles also had similar patterns of response. Although they started the anti-Japanese National Salvation Movement in 1937, which was motivated from loyalty to their native land, they joined neither the all Chinese united front in Southeast Asia nor the overseas Chinese good-will tour party to Chungking and Yennan in 1938. However, from 1938 the Chinese in Thailand began cooperating with the national policy of the Thai government and, after war erupted, made contributions by procuring for the Japanese army. In reply to a requisition for labour for army railway construction between Burma and Thailand in 1943, the Chinese again tried to keep their security in the country by means of economic cooperation in offering munitions war, rather than by sending labour power for dreadful construction. In the meantime, however, they donated funds secretly to members of the “Free Thai” movement. Chang Lan-ch'en, former President of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce in Thailand, was a leader of pro-Japanse group during the war, but was able to return to the some position again in 1948 and held thee post until 1961 when he died. Pibul was also reinstalled in his former position in 1948 and was Prime Minister until 1957. These two political and economic leaders began to leave room for changing attitudes by the end of the war, to enhance their reinstatement in the post-war period.
著者
鈴木 健斗 福井 隆雄
出版者
日本認知心理学会
雑誌
日本認知心理学会発表論文集 日本認知心理学会第17回大会
巻号頁・発行日
pp.4, 2019 (Released:2019-10-28)

本研究では、「物理的な刺激がないにも関わらず触覚を経験する」現象である擬似触覚(pseudo-haptics)に着目し、VR空間上でも生成可能か検討し、擬似触覚の主観的評価値と個人特性(この場合、自閉症スペクトラム指数)との関連についても調べた。実験では、ヘッドマウントディスプレイを装着し、右手を台の上に置き、VR空間内に提示されるモデルの手腕に自分の手腕を重ねる姿勢をとり、モデルの手腕が触れている白いチューブ上を左から右へと手腕に向かって流れてくる灰色の円筒がモデルの手腕に触れる瞬間に、当初の速度(5.7deg/秒)から0.1~0.9倍に減速する、あるいは速度変化がない条件を設定した。その結果、減速の割合が大きいほど、実験参加者は強い擬似触覚を経験した。さらに、自閉傾向が高いほど擬似触覚を経験する可能性が示唆された。
著者
井原 庸
出版者
日本蜘蛛学会
雑誌
Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, no.2, pp.87-109, 2008-12-31 (Released:2009-02-10)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
4

ナミハグモ属の種多様性には,著しい地理的種分化と,体サイズの分化による同所的な種の組み合わせという2つの側面がある. 日本から70種以上が記録されているが,まだ多くの未記載種が残されている.ナガトナミハグモ種群は生殖器の形態に著しい地理的分化を示し,種内の複雑な地理的変異,環状重複,近縁種の側所的分布や同所的共存といった異所的種分化のさまざまな過程がみられた.また,体サイズは種分化とその後の同所的共存に重要な役割を果たすと考えられ,カチドキナミハグモ種群では体サイズの分化が種分化を促進した可能性がある.
著者
金井 雄一
出版者
政治経済学・経済史学会
雑誌
歴史と経済 (ISSN:13479660)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.1, pp.16-29, 2017-10-30 (Released:2019-10-30)
参考文献数
66

Expansionary monetary policies (policies for increasing the money supply) are often adopted when the economy is in a slump. However, a fundamental issue in monetary policy is whether a central bank can control the money supply by manipulating the monetary base. As is well known, this question has effectively divided the field of economics into two schools. The exogenous and endogenous money theories have offered conflicting views on money supply since the mid‒18th century, and even today’s application of econometric methods to the question has ended in fruitless debate. This perhaps means that we should look beyond econometric approaches to settle the dispute. This paper argues that an examination of banknotes from a historical perspective might bring about the resolution of the longstanding debate.From its foundation in 1694, the Bank of England issued pieces of paper (running cash notes) as receipts in exchange for deposits, and these pieces of paper gradually began to circulate. This is how the Bank of England’s notes came into being. Originally they acted simply as notes that the Bank of England promised to repay to the depositors or bearers; they were entered as debts in the book of outstanding banknotes, known as the “Clearer.” The Bank of England also issued its notes in other banking activities such as discount drafts and loans. The notes with their varying written amounts ultimately evolved into notes with printed denominations.As suggested above, banknotes came into existence only when a credit relationship was established, and they expired with the expiry of that credit relationship. Since a banknote went from the bank of issue into the real economy only when a credit transaction was conducted, the bank of issue could not control quantity of banknotes in circulation. As previous studies have shown, goldsmith bankers had by the end of the 17th century constructed a payment and settlement system that used transfers of deposit monies. Banknotes became a means for adding or withdrawing money from one’s balance.In summary, it was not banknotes that enabled the settlement of payments by allowing the transfer of deposits, but rather that the settlement of payments through the transfer of deposits gave rise to banknotes. Banknotes were a product of the credit system. In other words, a bank of issue can not increase or reduce deposits or banknotes arbitrarily. Should we therefore recognize that both deposits and banknotes are born endogenously?
著者
神原 陽一
出版者
一般社団法人 日本物理学会
雑誌
日本物理学会誌 (ISSN:00290181)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.74, no.11, pp.798-799, 2019-11-05 (Released:2020-05-15)

新著紹介磁性と超伝導の物理;重い電子系の理解のために
著者
阿部 康久 高木 彰彦
出版者
The Association of Japanese Geographers
雑誌
地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.78, no.4, pp.228-242, 2005-04-01 (Released:2008-12-25)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
1 1

衆議院への新選挙制度の導入によって,個人後援会に代表される国会議員の政治組織が,空間的にどのような変容を遂げつつあるのかを長崎県を事例として検討した.並立制導入以降も,議員の多くは,新選挙区から外れた地区においても政治活動を行い,中選挙区時代の後援会組織を,基本的には維持している.その要因として,選挙区外の支持者であっても,選挙の際には支援を受けられるという点があるが,中選挙区時代の区割りが,現在でも議員や後援者の意識に,強い影響力を有しているという側面も指摘できる.これに対して,現在の選挙区が,交通アクセスが悪い諸地域から成り立っているところでは,中選挙区時代の後援会組織を維持することに消極的である.また,衆院から参院議員や知事に鞍替えした議員は,広大な選挙区をカバーする後援会組織を作ることが難しく,その空間的範囲は,衆院時代のものに限定されている.党派別に見ると,与党系の議員は,自前の後援会組織だけでなく,党所属の地方議員や支持団体からも支援を受けられるのに対して,保守系野党議員は,このような支援を受けにくく,従来の後援会組織に集票活動を依存する傾向が強くなっている.
著者
辻 絵理子
出版者
美学会
雑誌
美学 (ISSN:05200962)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, no.2, pp.25-36, 2016 (Released:2018-01-01)

The Tokalı Kilise has a rare architectural plan, which is the reason for its local nickname, ‘the Church of the Buckle’. This paper enquired closely into the programme of the northern small apse, that is, the Prothesis of the New Church. The Prothesis was used for the preparation of the Eucharist in the liturgy, often decorated by iconography related to the Communion. The Hospitality of Abraham and the Communion of Mary of Egypt under the conch emphasize the Eucharistic meaning of the place. In this article, it is focused on the themes with irregular direction and with a different layout. Christ is duplicated in the Marriage Feast at Cana spanning between the north frieze and the half spandrel of the eastern arcade. In the half spandrel, there are the servant filling the jar, the steward tasting wine, and Christ’s right hand alone blessing the water. Above her son’s hand, Mary keeps the water of ordeal in the Trial by Water. Her gesture of accepting the cup from the priest resembles closely those of Apostles taking wine from Christ in the Communion of Apostles. These themes stressing the relation to the Communion are located in the place adjacent to the Prothesis.
著者
池田 千恵子
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地理学会
雑誌
日本地理学会発表要旨集 2019年度日本地理学会春季学術大会
巻号頁・発行日
pp.265, 2019 (Released:2019-03-30)

本研究では,京都市におけるゲストハウスなどの簡易宿所の急激な増加に伴う影響について,ツーリズムジェントリフィケーションの観点で検証を行う.ツーリズムジェントリフィケーションは,地域住民が利用していた日常的な店舗が減少する一方で,娯楽や観光に関わる施設や高級店が増加し,富裕層の来住が増えることにより賃料が上昇し,低所得者層の立ち退きを生じさせる現象である(Gotham 2005).簡易宿所が急増した背景や簡易宿所の増加が地域に及ぼした影響について示す. 京都市内の簡易宿所の数は,2011年の249軒から2018年9月末時点では2,711軒と7年間で約11倍(988.8%増)になった.東山区でもっとも簡易宿所が多い六原は91軒で,2018年9月30日時点において京都市内で一番簡易宿所が多い地区でもある.下京区で簡易宿所が一番多い菊浜は,2016年の14軒から2018年の47軒(図1)と1年10ヶ月で33軒増加した.南区では山王が44軒である. 簡易宿泊が増加している地区には特徴がある.一つめは,交通の利便性である.六原と菊浜は清水五条駅,山王は京都駅の南側と主要な駅に隣接している.二つめは,既存産業の衰退である.六原は京焼・清水焼などの窯業の衰退とともに人口流出や高齢化が進み,空き家が増加した.大正から昭和中期頃まで京都市内最大の娼妓がいた菊浜は,2010年に全ての貸座敷が廃業になった(井上 2014).三つめは地域の負のイメージによる.菊浜は性風俗などのイメージがあり(内貴ほか2015),山王は京都市内最大の在日朝鮮人が集住し,貧困化・不良住宅化が進んだ地域(山本 2012)が含まれている.このように,地域の負のイメージにより地価も低く,空き家などが活用されていなかった地域で,簡易宿所の開業が進行したと想定される.簡易宿所の急激な増加による不動産価格の高騰や住民の立ち退きなどについて報告を行う.
著者
和田 健太郎 野田 智之 槇 英樹 雄山 博文 鬼頭 晃
出版者
一般社団法人 日本脳卒中の外科学会
雑誌
脳卒中の外科 (ISSN:09145508)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.41, no.6, pp.452-457, 2013 (Released:2014-01-29)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
1

A 49-year-old woman presented with a sudden onset of right hemiparesis and motor aphasia. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) localized in the interhemispheric fissure and cerebral infarction in the territory of the left anterior cerebral artery (ACA). Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) demonstrated segmental narrowing and dilatation at the left A2 segment, leading to a diagnosis of ACA dissection. The day after the onset, we planed trapping of the dissecting portion and A3–A3 side-to-side anastomosis. As a result, we performed only the wrapping of the dissection portion, because the dissection was longer than we expected. Neither aneurysmal dilatation nor narrowing progressed almost six months after the operation. This case indicates wrapping is also effective as a treatment of dissecting aneurysms, and it is important to consider longer-than-expected ACA dissections.
著者
STEVENS Bjorn ACQUISTAPACE Claudia HANSEN Akio HEINZE Rieke KLINGER Carolin KLOCKE Daniel RYBKA Harald SCHUBOTZ Wiebke WINDMILLER Julia ADAMIDIS Panagiotis ARKA Ioanna BARLAKAS Vasileios BIERCAMP Joachim BRUECK Matthias BRUNE Sebastian BUEHLER Stefan A. BURKHARDT Ulrike CIONI Guido COSTA-SURÓS Montserrat CREWELL Susanne CRÜGER Traute DENEKE Hartwig FRIEDERICHS Petra HENKEN Cintia Carbajal HOHENEGGER Cathy JACOB Marek JAKUB Fabian KALTHOFF Norbert KÖHLER Martin LAAR Thirza W. van LI Puxi LÖHNERT Ulrich MACKE Andreas MADENACH Nils MAYER Bernhard NAM Christine NAUMANN Ann Kristin PETERS Karsten POLL Stefan QUAAS Johannes RÖBER Niklas ROCHETIN Nicolas SCHECK Leonhard SCHEMANN Vera SCHNITT Sabrina SEIFERT Axel SENF Fabian SHAPKALIJEVSKI Metodija SIMMER Clemens SINGH Shweta SOURDEVAL Odran SPICKERMANN Dela STRANDGREN Johan TESSIOT Octave VERCAUTEREN Nikki VIAL Jessica VOIGT Aiko ZÄNGL Günter
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2020-021, (Released:2020-01-28)
被引用文献数
85

More than one hundred days were simulated over very large domains with fine (0.156 km to 2.5 km) grid spacing for realistic conditions to test the hypothesis that storm (kilometer) and large-eddy (hectometer) resolving simulations would provide an improved representation of clouds and precipitation in atmospheric simulations. At scales that resolve convective storms (storm-resolving for short) scales, the vertical velocity variance becomes resolved and a better physical basis is achieved for representing clouds and precipitation. Similar to past studies we find an improved representation of precipitation at kilometer scales, as compared to models with parameterised convection. The main precipitation features (location, diurnal cycle and spatial propagation) are well captured already at kilometer scales, and refining resolution to hectometer scales does not substantially change the simulations in these respects. It does, however, lead to a reduction in the precipitation on the time-scales considered – most notably over the Tropical ocean. Changes in the distribution of precipitation, with less frequent extremes are also found in simulations incorporating hecto-meter scales. Hectometer scales appear more important for the representation of clouds, and make it possible to capture many important aspects of the cloud field, from the vertical distribution of cloud cover, to the distribution of cloud sizes, to the diel (daily) cycle. Qualitative improvements, particularly in the ability to differentiate cumulus from stratiform clouds, are seen when reducing the grid spacing from kilometer to hectometer scales. At the hectometer scale new challenges arise, but the similarity of observed and simulated scales, and the more direct connection between the circulation and the unconstrained degrees of freedom make these challenges less daunting. This quality, combined with an already improved simulation as compared to more parameterised models, underpins our conviction that the use and further development of storm-resolving models offers exciting opportunities for advancing understanding of climate and climate change.
著者
藁科 侑希 笹井 浩行 中田 由夫 白木 仁
出版者
日本運動疫学会
雑誌
運動疫学研究 (ISSN:13475827)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.1, pp.29-36, 2015-03-31 (Released:2020-04-10)
参考文献数
7
被引用文献数
2

目的:国内バドミントン競技者における肩関節痛の実態を記述疫学的に明らかにすることを目的とした。方法:対象は国内のバドミントン競技団体に所属する中学生,高校生および大学生とした。2011年10月~12月に関東近郊の中学15校,高校23校,大学16校,計1410名に対し質問紙調査を行い,1002名(中学生202名,高校生411名,大学生389名)から有効回答(71.0%)を得た。質問項目は,肩関節痛の既往,過去1年以内の痛みの有無,痛みによるプレーへの支障の有無とした。結果:過去に1度でも肩関節痛を有した既往者は53.3%(中学生58.4%,高校生38.2%,大学生66.6%)であった。過去1年以内に肩関節痛のある有痛者は46.0%(中学生50.5%,高校生32.6%,大学生57.8%)であった。有痛者461名のうち,プレーへの支障があると回答した者は48.4%(中学生41.2%,高校生50.0%,大学生50.7%)であった。結論:本研究により,国内バドミントン競技者の約半数に肩関節痛の既往があり,その割合に中学,高校,大学間で差のあることが示唆された。有痛者の中で,プレーへの支障がある者も約半数であった。こうした現状を踏まえ,プレーへの支障を来たす肩関節痛の予防に向けた対策を講じる必要がある。
著者
小口 千明
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地理学会
雑誌
地理学評論 Ser. A (ISSN:00167444)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, no.9, pp.638-654, 1994-09-01 (Released:2008-12-25)
参考文献数
46
被引用文献数
1 1

本研究は,位置選定にかかわる日本の伝統的な吉凶判断において方位がきわめて重要視されるのに対し,距離や寸法にはあまり関心がもたれないことに着目して,日本における伝統的な空間認識の特質を寸法とのかかわりから捉えようとしたものである. 沖縄県を中心として唐尺と呼ばれるものさしが存在し,このものさしを用いて,寸法による吉凶判断が行なわれている.そこで,現実の景観のなかにこのものさしに基づく吉凶の観念がどのように投影されているかを,沖縄県の波照間島と鹿児島県の与路島を事例として検討した. 沖縄県の波照間島では,住居の門の幅と墓の特定部分の寸法が唐尺による吉凶判断の対象とされる.奄美の与路島では唐尺は用いられていないが,唐尺と類似の目盛りを有するさしがねが門の位置と幅を定めるための判断基準として用いられている.両島内の集落で住居の門幅を実測したところ,それぞれの地域の判断方法に基づき吉寸を示すものが高率であった.これは,寸法に対する吉凶の観念が投影された住居景観が現実に存在することを示している.ただし,両島に方位にかかわる習俗が存在しないことを意味するものではない. 日本では,位置選定にかかわる吉凶判断において,空間の評価軸が方位に置かれる場合が多い.しかし,現在までのところ沖縄や奄美地方でのみ確認された例ではあるが,寸法の概念も評価軸として存在することが示された.理論的には方位も寸法もともに空間評価のための座標軸となりうるなかで,現実としてどの尺度が座標軸として選択されるかは地域によって相対的であるといえる.したがって,方位による吉凶を著しく重視した空間認識は,見方を変えれば寸法による吉凶を重視しない空間認識としてその特質を把握することが可能となる.