著者
小林 哲
出版者
Ecology and Civil Engineering Society
雑誌
応用生態工学 (ISSN:13443755)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.3, no.1, pp.113-130, 2000-07-21 (Released:2009-05-22)
参考文献数
98
被引用文献数
24 22

日本の本州・四国・九州などを流れる河川に生息するカニ類の生態をまとめ,河川環境におけるカニ類の生態的地位と現状について考察を加えた.カニ各種の分布と回遊のパターンから,6タイプを分けた.タイプAとタイプBは感潮域付近でのみカニ期を過ごし,タイプAは繁殖のための回遊はないがタイプBは繁殖のため河口域から海域へ水中を移動する.タイプCとタイプDはカニ期を感潮域から淡水域に沿った陸域で過ごし,タイプCは河川の淡水域から感潮域にかけてで卵を孵化させ,幼生は広い塩分耐性があり感潮域へと流れくだる.タイプDは繁殖のためカニが海域へと移動し,海域で孵化を行う,タイプEは河川の淡水域でカニ期を過ごし,成熟したカニが川を降り感潮域に達しそこで繁殖する.これらのタイプはいずれも浮遊生活期の幼生が海域を分散する.タイプFは全生活史を淡水域上流部で過ごし,幼生期は短縮される.河川ではカニの分布は感潮域周辺に集中している.干潟に多くみられるスナガニ類は底質の粒度組成に応じてすみわけており,ヨシ原など後背湿地にはイワガニ類が多く出現する.淡水域の下流~中流域では,モクズガニが水中に,ベンケイガニ類3種(ベンケイガニ,クロベンケイガニ,アカテガニ)が水辺から陸上に出現する.上流域では,サワガニが水中から陸上にかけて分布する.代表的なスナガニ科8種,コブシガニ科1種イワガニ科10種,サワガニ科1種についての生態をまとめ,紹介した.河川生態系においては,カニ類は感潮域で腐食連鎖の上で重要な位置を占めていると考えられる.特にスナガニ類およびイワガニ類は,感潮域において有機物を消費している.また巣穴を多数掘ることで堆積物に沈積した有機物の分解を助け,環境浄化を助けている.近年,底質の変化によりカニ類の生息場所が損なわれ,堰の建設による流れの遮断により回遊の過程が妨害を受けている.河川改修による後背湿地における植生の喪失も,カニ類の生息場所を奪う危険性がある.以上のような,カニ類の生態を考慮に入れた改修事業が必要と考えられる.
著者
石川 知夏 小林 哲生
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第85回大会 (ISSN:24337609)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.PI-005, 2021 (Released:2022-03-30)

言語音の印象に関する研究では,半濁音・清音・濁音の順に丸い印象を持つことが報告され,音象徴との関連から研究が進められている。しかし,日本語の濁音と半濁音はそれぞれに対応する記号(濁点と半濁点)が存在し,その形状が言語音の印象評定に影響を与える可能性がある。そこで本研究では,日本語話者と英語話者を対象として濁点と半濁点が仮名文字の丸さ-鋭さ評定に影響を与えるかを検討した。濁点・半濁点を付与可能な文字(は・ひ・ふ・へ・ほ;既存文字)と通常付与しない文字(れ・よ・レ・ヨ;新奇文字)に対して濁点と半濁点を付与したものとしないものを提示し,それぞれの文字の丸さ-鋭さを7段階で評定させた。その結果,既存・新奇いずれの文字でも日本語話者は半濁点を含む文字・清音を示す文字・濁点を含む文字の順で有意に丸いと評定し,半濁音・清音・濁音の順に丸い印象を持つという結果と一致していた。一方,英語話者は既存・新奇いずれの文字でも日本語話者と同様の結果は得られなかった。これらの結果から,母語話者にみられる濁点と半濁点の記号に関する知識が濁音と半濁音の印象評定に影響を与えている可能性が示唆された。
著者
原 広司 佐藤 圭 小林 哲
出版者
日本マーケティング学会
雑誌
マーケティングレビュー (ISSN:24350443)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.4, no.1, pp.3-10, 2023-02-28 (Released:2023-02-28)
参考文献数
10

日本では生活習慣病予防が最重要課題であり,特定保健用食品は経済活動を通じた健康増進政策の一つである。健康増進の観点では,行動経済学・ナッジにおけるゲインフレームを用いることで健康活動を促進することが知られている。本研究はこの知見を特定保健用食品の説明文に応用し,ゲインフレームが購買意思決定に影響を与えるかどうかについて層別化RCTを用いて検証した。その結果,ロスフレームよりもゲインフレームの方がWTP(Willingness To Pay)を高めることが明らかになった。一方で,購買意思決定に対する影響は確認されなかった。ゲインフレームは主観的価値を高めるものの,購買促進に影響するかどうかはさらなる検証が必要である。健康増進と経済活動の二面性を持つ特定保健用食品では,行動経済学・ナッジおよびマーケティングの知見を組み合わせた新しいアプローチが重要である。
著者
堀内 正子 相良 篤信 吉田 梨紗 小林 百代 竹ノ谷 文子 琉子 友男 小林 哲郎 仲間 若菜 黄 仁官 里 史明 湯本 哲郎
出版者
一般社団法人日本医療薬学会
雑誌
医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.12, pp.659-666, 2021-12-10 (Released:2022-12-10)
参考文献数
15

The number of people taking nutritional supplements has increased rapidly due to heightened health consciousness; however, cases of doping through supplement intake have also increased. Therefore, pharmacists need to share not only instructions related to medication, but also anti-doping (AD) directions for supplements with athletes. However, reports on the use of supplements in athletes are limited, and the actual situation is unknown. Then, we conducted a questionnaire survey on 1,249 physical education university students regarding the use of supplements and their awareness on doping. We also examined the steps that need to be taken by pharmacists to facilitate AD.We found that 60% of the respondents had taken supplements, 50% of whom (i.e., 30% of the total respondents) continued to do so. Furthermore, 40% took multiple supplements and were at risk of ‘inadvertent doping.’ Most of the respondents took supplements for improving muscle strength, fatigue recovery, and malnutrition. Furthermore, friends and seniors were often the triggers for supplement intake, suggesting that leaders and teams were also involved. Since many respondents purchased supplements at drug stores, it is important for pharmacists to educate athletes and their leaders about AD. Further, supplements, like pharmaceuticals, are constantly advancing and therefore pharmacists need to expand their knowledge and strive to expand their role.
著者
相川 慎也 芦原 貴司 天野 晃 有末 伊織 安藤 譲二 伊井 仁志 出江 紳一 伊東 保志 稲田 慎 井上 雅仁 今井 健 岩下 篤司 上村 和紀 内野 詠一郎 宇野 友貴 江村 拓人 大内田 研宙 大城 理 太田 淳 太田 岳 大谷 智仁 大家 渓 岡 崇史 岡崎 哲三 岡本 和也 岡山 慶太 小倉 正恒 小山 大介 海住 太郎 片山 統裕 勝田 稔三 加藤 雄樹 加納 慎一郎 鎌倉 令 亀田 成司 河添 悦昌 河野 喬仁 紀ノ定 保臣 木村 映善 木村 真之 粂 直人 藏富 壮留 黒田 知宏 小島 諒介 小西 有人 此内 緑 小林 哲生 坂田 泰史 朔 啓太 篠原 一彦 白記 達也 代田 悠一郎 杉山 治 鈴木 隆文 鈴木 英夫 外海 洋平 高橋 宏和 田代 洋行 田村 寛 寺澤 靖雄 飛松 省三 戸伏 倫之 中沢 一雄 中村 大輔 西川 拓也 西本 伸志 野村 泰伸 羽山 陽介 原口 亮 日比野 浩 平木 秀輔 平野 諒司 深山 理 稲岡 秀検 堀江 亮太 松村 泰志 松本 繁巳 溝手 勇 向井 正和 牟田口 淳 門司 恵介 百瀬 桂子 八木 哲也 柳原 一照 山口 陽平 山田 直生 山本 希美子 湯本 真人 横田 慎一郎 吉原 博幸 江藤 正俊 大城 理 岡山 慶太 川田 徹 紀ノ岡 正博 黒田 知宏 坂田 泰史 杉町 勝 中沢 一雄 中島 一樹 成瀬 恵治 橋爪 誠 原口 亮 平田 雅之 福岡 豊 不二門 尚 村田 正治 守本 祐司 横澤 宏一 吉田 正樹 和田 成生
出版者
公益社団法人 日本生体医工学会
雑誌
生体医工学 (ISSN:1347443X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.Dictionary.1, pp.1-603, 2022 (Released:2022-03-31)
著者
齋藤 岳人 樋口 大樹 井上 和哉 小林 哲生
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
2022

<p>Perimetric complexity, which is a simple metric of character (letter) complexity defined by an image's area and peripheral length, has been widely used, especially in alphabetic orthographies. We examined whether perimetric complexity is also a valid index for Japanese <i>kana</i> characters (<i>hiragana and katakana</i>) by comparing it with subjective complexity. We obtained evaluations of subjective complexities from Japanese and English speakers and calculated the mean of each character for each type of speaker for character-based analyses. The analyses revealed three main findings: (a) Perimetric complexity was highly correlated with subjective complexity (<i>r</i>s > .85), and its correlation was higher than that between the subjective complexity and other measures for character complexity (i.e., stroke count). (b) The perimetric complexities were highly correlated across different typefaces, except for significantly different typefaces. (c) Subjective complexity was highly correlated between Japanese and English speakers. These findings suggest that perimetric complexity can also be used as an index for Japanese <i>kana</i> character complexity.</p>
著者
齋藤 岳人 樋口 大樹 井上 和哉 小林 哲生
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.93.20237, (Released:2022-02-10)
参考文献数
24

Perimetric complexity, which is a simple metric of character (letter) complexity defined by an image’s area and peripheral length, has been widely used, especially in alphabetic orthographies. We examined whether perimetric complexity is also a valid index for Japanese kana characters (hiragana and katakana) by comparing it with subjective complexity. We obtained evaluations of subjective complexities from Japanese and English speakers and calculated the mean of each character for each type of speaker for character-based analyses. The analyses revealed three main findings: (a) Perimetric complexity was highly correlated with subjective complexity (rs > .85), and its correlation was higher than that between the subjective complexity and other measures for character complexity (i.e., stroke count). (b) The perimetric complexities were highly correlated across different typefaces, except for significantly different typefaces. (c) Subjective complexity was highly correlated between Japanese and English speakers. These findings suggest that perimetric complexity can also be used as an index for Japanese kana character complexity.
著者
石川 知夏 小林 哲生
出版者
日本認知科学会
雑誌
認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.4, pp.522-529, 2021-12-01 (Released:2021-12-15)
参考文献数
13

Given recent evidence that the visual shape of alphabetic characters such as “B” and “K” influences the bouba/kiki effect (Cuskley et al., 2017), it is interesting to rate and analyze the roundness-sharpness of characters in other languages. To address this issue, the present study experimentally rated the roundness-sharpness of Japanese Hiragana characters using Japanese-speaking, Japanese hearing-impaired, and English-speaking adults. The results showed significantly high correlations of roundness-sharpness ratings between all groups of participants, suggesting that in Japanese, character roundness-sharpness ratings are stable regardless of the amount of auditory input in Japanese. Moreover, in order to examine the roundness-sharpness of characters corresponded to nonsense words in previous bouba/kiki experiments, we analyzed the effects of consonants ([m], [n], [r] vs. [k], [t], [s]) and vowels ([u], [o] vs. [i], [e]) on character roundnesssharpness ratings. The participants of all groups showed significantly rounder ratings toward characters that corresponded to round related sounds ([m], [n], [r], [u], [o]) than sharp related sounds ([k], [t], [s], [i], [e]). These findings suggest a correspondence between the visual shape of characters and the visual figures of previous bouba/kiki experiments in terms of roundness-sharpness.
著者
小林 哲夫
出版者
特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会
雑誌
火山. 第2集 (ISSN:04534360)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.4, pp.277-292, 1982-12-28
被引用文献数
12

Sakurajima Volcano consists of two main stratovolcanoes, Kitadake and Minamidake, which are composed of pyroclastic rocks and lava flows of pyroxene andesites and dacites. The basement rocks are composed of sedimentary rocks such as shale, sandstone, and acidic tuff, welded tuff, and granitic rocks. Geomorphology, large-scale historic eruptions, and the classification of surface textures of andesitic lava flows are briefly summarized. Volcanic history on the basis of the correlation between tephrochronology and the welded pyroclastic deposits is also presented. Taisho and An-ei lavas extruded at the later stage of the eruptions contain microphenocrysts of olivine. Orthopyroxenes of Bunmei pumice of later stage are rich in En content than those of early stage. These facts suggest that the volcanic products of the large eruptions were derived from zoned magma chambers.
著者
長谷川 健 柴田 翔平 小林 哲夫 望月 伸竜 中川 光弘 岸本 博志
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 日本火山学会
雑誌
火山 (ISSN:04534360)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.3, pp.187-210, 2021-09-30 (Released:2021-10-29)
参考文献数
57

Based on detailed fieldwork, petrological and paleomagnetic investigations, we present a revised stratigraphy of deposits from the 7.6 ka eruption at Mashu volcano and the formation process of its summit caldera, eastern Hokkaido, Japan. As previously described, the eruption products consist of an initial phreatomagmatic unit (Ma-j) and the overlying three pumice-fall layers (Ma-i, -h, and -g), which are in turn overlain by pyroclastic-flow deposits (Ma-f). In the present study, we divide Ma-f into 4 subunits: Ma-f1/2, Ma-fAc, Ma-f3a and Ma-f3b in descending order. Ma-f3b is a valley-ponding, pumice-flow deposit with limited distribution. Ma-f3a comprises clast-supported facies (fines-depleted ignimbrite: FDI) and matrix-supported (normal ignimbrite) facies, the two changing across topography. The FDI is characterized by a gray, fines-depleted, lithic-breccia-rich layer with materials incorporated from the substrate. Impact sag structures from large (>50 cm) dacite ballistic blocks were recognized at the base of the Ma-f3a within 10 km from the source. Ma-fAc is a minor eruption unit consisting of accretionary lapilli. Ma-f1/2 is a most voluminous (8.8 km3), widely distributed and weakly stratified ignimbrite. Both Ma-f3a and Ma-f1/2 can be classified as “low aspect ratio ignimbrite (LARI)”. Dacite lithic fragments are ubiquitously observed throughout the sequence and are not considered to be juvenile; they have distinctly different chemical compositions from the pumice fragments in the early pumice-fall (Ma-g~Ma-i) and pyroclastic-flow (Ma-f3b) deposits, but those of pumice clasts in the late pyroclastic-flow units (Ma-f3a and Ma-f2) lie between the two on a FeO*/MgO vs. SiO2 diagram. The 7.6 ka caldera-forming eruption of the Mashu volcano was initiated by Plinian fall (Ma-j~-g), and then, a small-volume high aspect ratio ignimbrite (Ma-f3b) was deposited by a valley-confined pyroclastic flow that was generated by partial column collapse. After that, a violent pyroclastic flow was generated probably during a strong explosion of a dacite lava edifice on the summit of Mashu volcano. This flow emplaced Ma-f3a. The caldera collapse that followed the explosion generated a climactic pyroclastic flow that emplaced Ma-f1/2. Ma-f3a flow was extremely fast. Ma-f1/2 flow was related to sustained flow due to low settling velocity and high discharge volume. These are supported by field observations and numerical simulation that shows the ability of the flow to surmount high topographic obstacles and spread widely. The 7.6 ka caldera-forming process of Mashu volcano was driven not only by subsidence of roof block but also by violent explosions.
著者
藤田 早苗 小林 哲生 南 泰浩 杉山 弘晃
出版者
日本認知科学会
雑誌
認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.4, pp.604-620, 2015-12-01 (Released:2016-06-01)
参考文献数
30
被引用文献数
7

We aim to create gradual readability (or target age) measures from infants to elder children. For Japanese texts, several readability measures have been proposed, none of which is applied to texts for infants. Therefore, in this paper, we employ 123 pic-ture books which are clearly decided fine-grained target ages as criterial corpus. Then we investigate the applicability of two previous works to these picture books. Both works show modelate performance. Then we propose a method using new learner and features, and we achieved higher performance to guess the target age.
著者
小林 哲也
出版者
日本ペット栄養学会
雑誌
ペット栄養学会誌 (ISSN:13443763)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.Suppl, pp.suppl_9-suppl_12, 2019-06-30 (Released:2019-07-24)
参考文献数
5
著者
藤野 直樹 小林 哲夫
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 日本火山学会
雑誌
火山 (ISSN:04534360)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.3, pp.195-211, 1997-06-30 (Released:2017-03-20)
参考文献数
26
被引用文献数
3

Kaimondake Volcano, situated in the Ibusuki Volcanic Region of southern Kyushu, is an undissected volcano which consists of a basal stratovolcano and a small central volcano. We established the eruptive history of this volcano by tephrochronology. Kaimondake Volcano started its eruption ca. 4 ka, and the latest eruption occurred in A. D. 885 (ca. 1.1ka). For about 2,900 years during this period, the volcano had been active, and 12 major eruption deposits (Km 1-Km 12) were recognized. The repose periods between these eruptions were estimated to range from 100 to 400 years. The mode of eruption of this volcano was mainly scoriaceous sub-plinian type, and was frequently associated with phreatomagmatic eruptions because the volcano originated from the shallow sea or near-shore environment. Lava flows were often associated with the scoria eruptions. Submarine lava flows which flowed southeastward are topographically divided into three; among them the lowest one is the most voluminous and is thought to have flowed out in the early stage, probably before Km6 eruption period. Among the 12 major eruption deposits, Km1, Km9 (ca. 2 ka), Km11 (ca. 1.5 ka), and Km12 (ca. 1.1 ka) were voluminous, and largely contributed to the formation of the volcanic edifice. During the latest eruption (Km 12), a central volcano was formed in the summit crater. This central volcano is not a simple lava dome, but a mound of complex volcanic materials with a composite structure. It consists of a basal scoria cone associated with fluid lava flows, which is later capped by viscous lava dome, and then subsequently penetrated by volcanic plug around the summit. The summit crater, which is named Hachikubo, had been thought to be a collapse crater, but it was geologically proved to be a large explosion crater which was successively enlarged during the eruption of Km12a. The total amount of volcanic products was calculated to be 3.1 km3 and 2.3 km3 for tephra and lava flows, respectively. Although there are no systematic relations between eruption volumes and the preceding repose period, the eruption materials containing tephra were more voluminous in the later stage than in the early stage, while those of lava flows were exceptionally large in the early stage of volcanic history.
著者
小林 哲郎 柏木 悠 相馬 満利 藤戸 靖則 平野 智也 山岸 道央 和田 匡史 船渡 和男
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
日本体育学会大会予稿集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, pp.182_2, 2016

<p> 【目的】全力クロール泳におけるキックが水平速度(SV)、ストローク頻度(SR)、ストローク長(SL)、ストロークサイクル内の水平速度変動(IVV)に及ぼす影響を明らかにすること。【方法】被験者は日本代表経験者を含む男子水泳選手5名(身長;175.2 ±6.5cm、体重;78.1 ±7.5kg、50mベストタイム;23.82 ± 0.73s)であった。試技はクロール泳の通常の泳ぎ(スイム)と足首をロープ固定した腕によるストロークだけの泳ぎ(プル)で、25m全力泳をそれぞれ行った。デジタルビデオカメラ(60fps)を用いて選手右矢状面より水中映像撮影を行った。分析区間は右手の1ストロークサイクルとし、選手の右大転子点よりSVを算出した。【結果及び考察】SVはプルに対してスイムで約20%の速度増加がみられ、SRには有意差がなく、SLはスイムの方が大きい値を示した。IVVは、スイムとプルでそれぞれ7.84 ±1.76、9.73 ± 1.87%であり、スイムの方が統計的に有意に小さい値を示した(p<0.05)。スイムはキックにより1ストロークあたりの距離を大きくすることで高い速度を得ていることが推測された。</p>
著者
小林 哲郎 池田 謙一
出版者
日本社会心理学会
雑誌
社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.1, pp.58-71, 2006-08-25 (Released:2017-02-08)
被引用文献数
1

The development of social capital in an online community was investigated by creating survey data of online game players. The results showed that the frequency of collective communication, the homogeneity of members, and the openness of the online community had positive effects on trust, while the size of community and community hierarchy had negative effects. This shows that participation in online communities can create social capital. Furthermore, the results showed that online social capital influences real-life behavior. For example, reciprocity online facilitated offline social participation, even after controlling for offline social capital and other real-life determinants. These results demonstrate the positive contribution of collective online communication to a democratic social system.