著者

山口 庸子 土屋 みさと 津田 淑江

出版者

一般社団法人 日本家政学会

雑誌

日本家政学会誌 (ISSN:09135227)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.7, pp.397-406, 2007 (Released:2010-07-29)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

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In recent years, sales of electric dishwashers for household use (called dishwashers) have increased rapidly due to the increasing number of women in the workplace and also to the appeal of these devices in reducing housework. For these reasons, dishwashers have become popular within a short period of time. This study examined the environmental load of dishwashing using one old and one new dishwasher compared with washing by hand, under conditions of constant cleaning efficiency, and examined ways to reduce the environmental load of dishwashing. Cleaning efficiency was evaluated after washing using the BLT-DW method and the ATP method. In addition, the average amounts of power and water consumed for one dishwashing were also measured. As a result, it became clear that the amounts of CO2 emissions during use greatly exceeded the amounts of CO2 emissions during manufacturing for both dishwashers, regardless of the age of the dishwasher or the dishwashing program selected. In addition, the CO2 emissions attributable to power consumption comprised the highest group of such emissions compared with emissions corresponding to the use of detergent and water. A method that included presoaking for 20 min was shown to reduce CO2 emissions significantly by reducing the amount of detergent used, although the total amount of water used increased. Therefore, we confirmed that presoaking was an effective method for reducing the environmental load when using dishwashers. The CO2 emissions through dishwashing by hand in cold water were shown to be approximately 25% of those generated using a dishwasher. However, it became clear that the CO2 emissions for dishwashing by hand exceeded those of a dishwasher if the water was gas-heated by 5°C or more. Therefore, it was confirmed that dishwashing using a dishwasher represented a more environmentally-friendly method in the winter, when water is cold.

著者

牧野富太郎

出版者

植物研究雑誌編集委員会

雑誌

植物研究雑誌 (ISSN:00222062)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.2, pp.E2-E10, 1928-04-18 (Released:2023-03-31)

著者

根来 宏明

出版者

社団法人 におい・かおり環境協会

雑誌

におい・かおり環境学会誌 (ISSN:13482904)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.5, pp.350-356, 2015-09-25 (Released:2019-02-20)

参考文献数

7

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アルコール飲料の摂取により呼気が“酒臭く”なるのは,飲酒を経験した多くの人が体験することであろう.中には,清酒,焼酎,ビールなど酒類によってにおいの質が異なると感じる人もいる.我々は,飲酒後の呼気を分析することで,“酒臭さ”に寄与する成分の同定を行い,さらにアルコール飲料の種類による呼気成分の差異を明らかにすることを試みた.得られたいくつかの知見について紹介する.

著者

岡部 芳彦

出版者

ユーラシア研究所

雑誌

ロシア・ユーラシアの社会 (ISSN:24353191)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2021, no.1057, pp.2-13, 2023 (Released:2023-03-08)

著者

井澤 龍

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.3-24, 2016 (Released:2019-03-30)

被引用文献数

1 1

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The aim of this study is to clarify the historical premises of the establishment of the tax treaty between the UK and the US in 1945. Particularly, the UK-US treaty to prevent the international double taxation made an economic and political impact on the UK multinationals and the government. It was the first time that the UK government concluded a general tax treaty with elsewhere in the British Empire.The problem of international double taxation on business income between UK and US occurred since the First World War. However, the UK government did not introduce a foreign tax relief for foreign investment to the US until 1945 because the government persisted to abhor reduction of the tax revenue. Thus, the tax issue became one of the causes that the British investment to the US had been sluggish. In addition, not a few UK multinationals were forced to change their organization alongside the tax environment during the period, raising cries of protest through some employer's associations such as the Federation of British Industries. The organizational changes like Phelps Dodge or Courtaulds sometimes influenced corporate long term investment strategy. Finally, the introduction of the American dividend tax in 1936 and the outbreak of the Second World War pushed the UK multinationals into further tax planning to alleviate the tax burden. The corporate behaviors and complaints of those firms made the UK government reconsider the tax regime of the interwar period. As a result, the general tax treaty between the UK and the US was concluded in 1945, a prototype of tax treaty of not only both countries but many countries in the Post Second World War.

著者

國貞 雄治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面真空学会

雑誌

表面と真空 (ISSN:24335835)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.10, pp.572-573, 2023-10-10 (Released:2023-10-10)

参考文献数

2

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The division of Young Researchers was established in 2018. This division organizes interdisciplinary workshops in a format that facilitates learning for students and young researchers. In this special issue, the recent research achievements have been introduced by young researchers and lecturers at the previous workshop. The presented topics cover angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, water molecule networks on solid surfaces, simulation of laser processing of semiconductors, and in situ observation of electrode surfaces by high-speed atomic force electron microscopy. This special issue also contains an article on how to write a scientific paper.

著者

髙橋 隆

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面真空学会

雑誌

表面と真空 (ISSN:24335835)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.10, pp.603-607, 2023-10-10 (Released:2023-10-10)

著者

乙部 智仁

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面真空学会

雑誌

表面と真空 (ISSN:24335835)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.10, pp.587-592, 2023-10-10 (Released:2023-10-10)

参考文献数

15

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Recent developments in the simulations of processing of semiconductors and metals by femto- (10-15) second pulse laser, especially silicon and aluminum, are presented. Laser processing is a complex process involving nonlinear phenomena. We have developed microscopic first-principles calculations that describe the light-electron interaction, the semiclassical Vlasov equation that can also include relaxation in metal, and a novel temperature model that allows us to study the entire initial processing process. Each method allows us to analyze the entire process from the moment of laser irradiation to the stage of energy transfer to the lattice. This paper describes the details of the methods and the findings obtained from the results.

著者

Akira Yamazaki Ao Takezawa Kazusa Nishimura Ko Motoki Kyoka Nagasaka Ryohei Nakano Tetsuya Nakazaki Munetaka Hosokawa

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.QH-094, (Released:2023-10-17)

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Chili pepper is cultivated in the absence of fruit-promoting treatments or insect pollinators. The fertilization ability of both males and females, as well as natural self-pollination ability under high temperatures, are necessary for autonomous set fruit under high temperatures. The reproductive traits related to autonomous self-pollination ability and fertilization ability of both males and females after pollination under control (CK) and high temperature (HT) treatments were investigated in this study. ‘Takanotsume’ (TK) showed a significantly higher percentage of autonomous fruit set than ‘Peruvian Purple’ (PP) in both CK and HT treatments, suggesting that TK has a strong autonomous fruit set regardless of temperature. On the other hand, the percentage of autonomous fruit set of PP was 0% in the HT treatment, while autonomous fruit set was observed in the CK treatment. Therefore, TK had autonomous fruit set ability even at high temperatures when PP did not have any. TK had more pollen on the stigma than PP, suggesting that TK has a higher ability for autonomous self-pollination. Flower morphology was not considered a factor in the autonomous self-pollination of TK. In contrast, TK tended to release more pollen than PP. One factor that can support autonomous self-pollination is pollen dispersion. A significant difference was observed in the fruit set rate during artificial pollination between the treatments (CK and HT) of the pollen parent and the cultivars (TK and PP) of the seed parent. In fact, female fertility in TK was higher than that in PP, regardless of the temperature condition. Almost no fruit set of PP was observed via autonomous self-pollination in the HT treatment, but fruits were set by artificial pollination using both the pollen and pistil of PP in the HT treatment. This result is consistent with the finding that PP exhibits decreased autonomous self-pollination at high temperatures. The higher autonomous fruit-set ability of TK than PP under high temperatures may be attributed not only to superior female fertility, but also to its autonomous self-pollination ability under high temperatures. Therefore, pollen dispersal ability under high temperatures was considered a key factor for autonomous fruit-set.

著者

稲垣 良典

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.17-28, 1984-11-24 (Released:2009-05-29)

著者

岡崎 弘樹

出版者

日本中東学会

雑誌

日本中東学会年報 (ISSN:09137858)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.69-98, 2021-08-15 (Released:2022-09-30)

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The purpose of this paper is to examine historically and sociologically the depiction of “Palestine” in contemporary Syrian literature through two important works. Saadallah Wannous, a prominent Syrian dramatist, in his drama Al-Ightisab (1989), focused on two worlds, the Palestinian and the Israeli. In the epilogue of this drama, Wannous emphasized that the Arab regimes were nothing but a replica of the “Zionist entity”, relying upon occupation and oppression. On the other hand, ‘Ali al-Kurdi, a Palestinian who was born and grew up in Syria, published his novel Shamaaya Castle (2010), a work of fiction inspired by his memories of his childhood in the former Jewish quarter of Damascus during the 1950s and 1960s. As an “intermediate supporter” of the Palestinian cause, Wannous tried to demonstrate the various “actualities” of the Palestinian issue for Syrian and Arab audiences. By contrast, in Al-Kurdi’s novel, the author, despite being a veritable “victim” of the Nakba, focused on the diverse dimensions of the “realities” faced by Syrian Palestinians, describing their misery, embarrassment, stigmas, human friendships and tolerance across diverse religious communities. It is obvious that writing this kind of novel is a creative act for building resilience out of past traumatic experiences in Palestine as well as for reevaluating the history of coexistence in Syria.

著者

仙石 学

出版者

日本政治学会

雑誌

年報政治学 (ISSN:05494192)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.2, pp.2_44-2_56, 2021 (Released:2022-12-15)

参考文献数

15

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本論文においては、ポーランドにおける若年層の政党支持に関する傾向を検討した。現在のポーランドでは、若年層の男性は反欧州を主張する自由独立連合を、女性は女性の立場やLGBTの権利を重視する左派を支持する傾向がある。この点については、まずはそれぞれの政党が、法と正義の政権のもとでは自分たちの利益が反映されないと考える若年層をひきつけることにある程度成功したことが作用している。ただそこで政党支持にジェンダーの差が生じた理由としては、反欧州と反ジェンダーが 「EUからの強制への反発」 という点で結びついているという要因が作用している。今後は今の若年層が社会の中心となっていく中で、この対抗関係がどのように変化するかを検討することが、一つの課題となるであろう。

著者

小畠 廉生 斎藤 卓

出版者

日本スポーツ運動学会

雑誌

スポーツ運動学研究 (ISSN:24345636)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, pp.87-101, 2022-12-26 (Released:2023-10-16)

参考文献数

46

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Gymnastics techniques change over time. The technique and value of each element in the gymnastics have also been changing. We cannot understand the elements and techniques that are currently being practiced without recognizing the values that have been shared and developed historically, nor can we predict the direction of future development without doing those. In order to understand the value associated with gymnastics development, it is necessary to research the historical transition of elements and techniques that has ever occurred. The evolution of elements and techniques up to around 1970 was described in “Coaching of Artistic Gymnastics” (Kaneko,1974). However, the historical evolution of elements and techniques since then has not been well studied.Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand the development trends and changes in techniques, consider the factors behind the occurrence of techniques due to changes in scoring rules and equipment, and predict the future developments by focusing on the support forward swing system on the parallel bars, one of the gymnastic techniques.As a result, the following results were obtained.1. In the 1970s, changes made to the code of points brought about an appreciation of the technology brought to “back support”. As a result, several new elements were developed for “back support.”2. In the 1990s, there was a good balance between the original technical development and the structural complexity technical development.3. In the 1990s, there was a bias towards technical development that made exsting techniques structurally complicated, but that trend has also plateaued.4. In the 2000s, only one new elements occurred, and technological development has been stagnant.5. After 2010, technological development continued to stagnate, with new element occurring at a rate of only one every 10 years.

著者

福田 桂子 杉山 広 熊沢 秀雄 多々良 成紀 金崎 依津子

出版者

日本野生動物医学会

雑誌

日本野生動物医学会誌 (ISSN:13426133)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.21-24, 2017-03-31 (Released:2017-06-08)

参考文献数

15

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高知県立のいち動物公園で飼育されていたマンドリル(Mandrillus sphinx)1頭が死亡し,肺に形成された虫嚢に吸虫の寄生を認めた。成虫と糞便内虫卵の形態および成虫DNAの塩基配列から,虫体は宮崎肺吸虫(Paragonimus miyazakii)と同定された。マンドリルは,飼育施設に侵入したサワガニ(Geothephusa dehaani)を摂食して感染したと考えられた。本事例は,日本においてヒト以外の霊長目が宮崎肺吸虫に自然感染した初めての報告である。

著者

池田 菊苗

出版者

公益社団法人 日本化学会

雑誌

東京化學會誌 (ISSN:03718409)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.8, pp.820-836, 1909 (Released:2009-02-05)

被引用文献数

15

著者

田上 貴寛

出版者

公益社団法人 日本食品科学工学会

雑誌

日本食品科学工学会誌 (ISSN:1341027X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.10, pp.493-498, 2022-10-15 (Released:2022-10-14)

参考文献数

16

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Genome editing technology can be used to extensively modify genetic information in DNA, and such applications are expected to be widely applied in the fields of medicine and agriculture. In chickens, genome editing of primordial germ cells has made it possible to create genome-edited chickens, which may lead to improvements in breeds that have been difficult to achieve using conventional breeding methods. The development of products derived from genome-edited chickens for the market should be approached with caution, and identification of problems and consumer acceptance should be carefully considered.

著者

根來 秀樹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本児童青年精神医学会

雑誌

児童青年精神医学とその近接領域 (ISSN:02890968)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.98-101, 2019-02-01 (Released:2020-02-28)

参考文献数

15

著者

YAMAGISHI Daijiro

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, no.1, pp.38-40, 2023-09-30 (Released:2023-09-29)

参考文献数

2

著者

夏 天

出版者

Japanese Council on Family Relations

雑誌

家族研究年報 (ISSN:02897415)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.75-89, 2023-07-15 (Released:2023-10-13)

参考文献数

39

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家族の多様化とその子どもへの影響に関する先行研究からは非婚・離婚などの家族行動は低い学歴層に生じやすいこと、ひとり親世帯の子どもは教育達成が低いことが明らかにされている。中国における親の不在は親の離婚よりも「外出労働」に起因することが多く、その「外出労働」は低い学歴層に生じやすいことから、子どもの「分岐する運命」は「留守児童」経験によって生じていることが予想できる。高校進学以降のトラッキングはその後の社会経済的地位達成を大きく規定するため、本研究は「留守児童」経験とトラッキングの入り口にある普通科高校進学との関連について検討する。China Family Panel Studies(CFPS) データを使用し傾向スコアマッチング法による分析を行った結果、「留守児童」経験のある者は普通科高校に進学しにくいことが明らかになった。「留守児童」経験がライフコース上の長期的な不利を生み出す可能性がある。

著者

松尾 牧則

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.Supplement, pp.66, 1998 (Released:2012-11-27)