著者
外山 美樹 桜井 茂男
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.72, no.4, pp.329-335, 2001-10-25 (Released:2010-07-16)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
6 9 2

The purpose of this study was to examine positive illusion phenomena among Japanese students. In Study 1, students were asked to rate themselves and the average same-sex student of their university or vocational school, in terms of their personality, optimism about the future, and belief in personal control. Results indicated that participants showed positive illusions in their ratings of agreeableness, conscientiousness, optimism for negative future events, and personal control. However, negative illusions were found in their ratings of extraversion, openness to experience, and appearance. In Study 2, participants were asked to compare themselves with the average same-sex student of their university or vocational school. Results were similar to those of Study 1. Cultural factors appeared to be responsible for those positive and negative illusions.
著者
大塚 攻
出版者
日本動物分類学会
雑誌
タクサ:日本動物分類学会誌 (ISSN:13422367)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, pp.1-12, 2006-08-20 (Released:2018-03-30)
参考文献数
53

Free-living copepods are regarded as one of the most ecologically important animal groups in aquatic ecosystems, but systematic and phylogenetic surveys of these crustaceans are still incomplete. In recent years my colleagues and I have newly established five families, 11 genera, three subgenera, and 59 species of copepods. Our success in finding previously unknown forms is partly a result of our focus on collections from hitherto poorly sampled hyperbenthic layers. The peculiar swarming behavior, distinct vertical migrations, and unknown life cycles of many species also make their collection difficult. We were the first to discover copepods of the order Platycopioida in the Indo-Pacific region; based on a circumtropical distribution and has thus come to be understood as a Tethyan relict. Another example of biogeographical significance is a new cavernicolous species of the calanoid copepod genus Ridgewayia that we described from Palau, which shows a closer relationship to the Atlantic-Mediterranean species group of this genus than to the Indo-West Pacific species group. This suggests dispersal by the westward circumtropical current that existed from the late Jurassic to the Miocene. We have also described three families, three genera and four species of parasitic copepods that infect fishes, sea urchins, bivalves and mysids. In addition to copepods, four tantulocaridans, one ascothoracidan, and three peracaridans were newly described as a result of collaboraive work with specialists on these groups. Copepods with a basic developmental pattern comprising six naupliar, and six copepodid stages, are a relatively easy group to tracehomologous features when compared to other crustaceans. This fact makes phylogenetic analyses of copepods feasible. Better understanding of the phylogeny of copepods not only leads to revisions of their classification system, but also allows us to make certain deductions concerning evolutionary patterns and processes that are related to, for example, their habitat exploitation, direction of dispersal, and switching of feeding mode or host. Our analyses have thus led us to infer that members of the calanoid superfamily Arietelloidea have exploited a wide range of habitats, both horizontally from coastal to oceanic regions and vertically from the surface to the deep hyperbenthic layers, with recolonization therefrom into the original, coastal benthic habitat. We have also been able to reconstruct a switch in feeding from suspension feeding to carnivory in the calanoid family Heterorhabdidae, a trend leading to carnivorous taxa that employ a venom-injecting system for capture of prey. This sophisticated feeding structure seems to have been constructed by modification of prototypes that were present in the suspension-feeding ancestor, resulting in a drastic functional change in feeding without much alternation of its form.
著者
神谷 政幸
出版者
一般社団法人 日本在宅薬学会
雑誌
在宅薬学 (ISSN:2188658X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.1, pp.3-10, 2019 (Released:2019-05-20)
参考文献数
7

団塊の世代が後期高齢者となる2025 年に向けて,国は地域包括ケアシステムの構築を推し進めている.そのなかで薬局は医療提供施設として健康サポート機能を発揮することが期待されている.2018 年年末に公表された薬機法改正に伴う「とりまとめ(案)」において,薬剤師は調剤時のみならず,薬剤の服用期間を通じて,over-the-counter(OTC)医薬品等を含む必要な服薬状況の把握や薬学的知見に基づく指導を行う義務があることを明確化するべきと記載されている.しかしながら,健康食品やOTC 医薬品に関する薬剤師への信頼は低く,かつ健康被害が起こっている状況を鑑みると,体調変化を継続して把握できる体制の構築が急がれる.そして,それは疾患発症後の薬物治療においても継続して行うことで,医療を質的に向上させることが可能になる.それを地域で連携して行うためには,患者やさまざまな医療職,介護職にその薬局がもつ機能を積極的に提示していくことが求められる.社会の変化に伴うニーズに応えていくことで,薬局・薬剤師が地域医療に大きく貢献する未来につながると信じている.
著者
柳本 ひとみ 櫻井 秀彦 古田 精一 黒澤 菜穂子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本在宅薬学会
雑誌
在宅薬学 (ISSN:2188658X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.1, pp.11-26, 2019 (Released:2019-05-20)
参考文献数
22

薬剤師の在宅業務において,薬物療法に有益な業務と課題を探索することを目的とし,web アンケート調査を行った.回収数は208 名であった.回答は5 件法とし,属性により層別化し比較を行った.「薬剤師が行う業務確認項目」および「患者/家族あるいは多職種からの情報確認項目」について,因子分析およびクラスター分析により回答群を分類し,属性と関連付けた.結果として,薬剤師は,「薬効」「副作用」などは確認しているが,患者の日常生活動作の確認には「性別」で差が見られ,患者/家族あるいは多職種からの情報収集の頻度は低くかった.分類された5 つのグループと「性別」は関連があった.薬物療法評価に役立つものは,「アセスメントシートを多職種で共有する」であった.今回示した16 項目の業務例の中で必要と思う業務を実施した場合,薬剤師は,「薬物療法の成果」「患者/家族のQOL」が向上し,「医師や看護師など多職種との連携が良くなる」「医師の治療方針に自分の意見が反映される可能性が高くなる」と考えていた.今後,薬剤師は,在宅業務確認ツール作成や,多職種共通尺度により薬物療法の評価を行うことで業務向上を図る必要がある.
著者
大久保 直美 鈴木 一典 近藤 雅俊 谷川 奈津 中山 真義 柴田 道夫
出版者
一般社団法人 園芸学会
雑誌
園芸学研究 (ISSN:13472658)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.2, pp.183-187, 2007 (Released:2007-04-23)
参考文献数
15

沖縄産ヒメサザンカ野生種13系統,芳香性ツバキの花粉親の一つであるヒメサザンカの系統1118(海外経由系統),芳香性ツバキ4品種の香気成分の比較を行った.ヒメサザンカの香気成分について,新たにリモネンおよび6種の芳香族化合物,安息香酸ベンジル,オイゲノール,サリチル酸メチル,o-アニス酸メチル,フェニルアセトアルデヒド,ベンズアルデヒドを同定した.沖縄産野生種13系統の香気成分量は,ほとんどのものが海外経由系統より多く,特に系統3と36が多かった.この二つを比較すると,花様の香調の2-フェニルエタノールやフェニルアセトアルデヒドの割合が多い系統36の香りの方が強く感じられた.ヒメサザンカを花粉親とする芳香性ツバキ‘姫の香’,‘港の曙’,‘春風’,‘フレグラントピンク’の香気成分の組成もヒメサザンカとほぼ同じであったが,組成比は品種ごとに大きく異なり,花様の香調を持つ成分の割合の多い‘姫の香’,‘港の曙’で香りが強く感じられた.
著者
市川 真士 陳 志謙 冨田 睦雄 道木 慎二 大熊 繁
出版者
The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan
雑誌
電気学会論文誌D(産業応用部門誌) (ISSN:09136339)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.122, no.12, pp.1088-1096, 2002-12-01 (Released:2008-12-19)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
42 64

Salient-pole permanent magnet synchronous motors have been widely used in industrial applications for their high efficiency. To control these motors, knowledge of rotor position and velocity are necessary and expensive sensors have been used to detect these signals. Although many sensorless control algorithms have been developed for cylindrical permanent magnet motors, they cannot be applied for salient-pole machines without any approximation because of the complicated mathematical model, and this may lead to unstable problems. To solve this problem, new extended electromotive force models for synchronous motors have been proposed in this paper. The proposed models have a simple structure integrating position information both in the magnet and in the inductance into one extended electromotive force term. Using these models, no approximation is necessary. Experimental results show that the proposed model and method are valid.
著者
北澤 俊彦 塩見 康博 田名部 淳 菅 芳樹 萩原 武司
出版者
公益社団法人 土木学会
雑誌
土木学会論文集D3(土木計画学) (ISSN:21856540)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.5, pp.I_501-I_508, 2014 (Released:2015-05-18)
参考文献数
20

近距離無線規格であるBluetoothの普及を背景とし,諸外国ではBluetoothのMACアドレス(個体識別ID)を路側で把握することで旅行時間計測やOD計測など交通調査に活用する試みがなされている.わが国でもBluetoothを搭載した電子機器や通信機器が市場に出回るようになっていることから,受信機を設置した任意地点間の旅行時間が計測可能と考えられる.本研究では,BluetoothのMACアドレスを計測・記録して旅行時間計測を行うための調査システムについて検討するとともに,実環境で容易に利用可能な計測ツールの開発を行った.さらに,一般道路や都市高速道路を対象として旅行時間を観測したケーススタディを通じて,Bluetoothを用いた旅行時間計測に関する基礎的な分析を行い,現段階でも旅行時間調査に適用可能なシステムであることが確認できた.
著者
三輪 恕昭 小野 二三雄 折田 薫三
出版者
一般社団法人 日本消化器外科学会
雑誌
日本消化器外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:03869768)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.7, pp.868-873, 1980 (Released:2011-03-02)
参考文献数
30

大腸癌例にlevamisole (LMS) を1日150mg, 連続3日間投与, 後11日休薬のスケジュールを手術3日前より1ヵ月以上可能な限り継続し, 術後6ヵ月以上の経過の判明した44例の生存率を, 対照群90例の値と比較検討した.LMSの生存率上昇効果はStage I~IV例でみられず, 最も進行したStage V例でみられた.またその効果は, 腫瘍占居部位が腹膜翻転部より口側の大腸である時, 腫瘍の拡がりが大腸管周の1/2未満である時, 腫瘍の深達度が漿膜面に及ばない時にみられた.LMSの大腸癌例への抗腫瘍効果をみた報告は, 本報告が2例目であり, 他臓器癌例へのLMSの効果と関連づけて若干の文献的考案を行った.
著者
真田 樹義 宮地 元彦 山元 健太 村上 晴香 谷本 道哉 大森 由実 河野 寛 丸藤 祐子 塙 智史 家光 素行 田畑 泉 樋口 満 奥村 重年
出版者
一般社団法人日本体力医学会
雑誌
体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.3, pp.291-302, 2010 (Released:2010-07-15)
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
17 8

The purpose of this study was to develop prediction models of sarcopenia in 1,894 Japanese men and women aged 18-85 years. Reference values for sarcopenia (skeletal muscle index, SMI; appendicular muscle mass/height2, kg/m2) in each sex were defined as values two standard deviations (2SD) below the gender-specific means of this study reference data for young adults aged 18-40 years. Reference values for predisposition to sarcopenia (PSa) in each gender were also defined as values one standard deviations (1SD) below. The subjects aged 41 years or older were randomly separated into 2 groups, a model development group and a validation group. Appendicular muscle mass was measured by DXA. The reference values of sarcopenia were 6.87 kg/m2 and 5.46 kg/m2, and those of PSa were 7.77 kg/m2 and 6.12 kg/m2. The subjects with sarcopenia and PSa aged 41 years or older were 1.7% and 28.8% in men and 2.7% and 20.7% in women. The whole body bone mineral density of PSa was significantly lower than in normal subjects. The handgrip strength of PSa was significantly lower than in normal subjects. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and age were independently associated with SMI in men; and BMI, handgrip strength and waist circumference were independently associated with SMI in women. The SMI prediction equations were applied to the validation group, and strong correlations were also observed between the DXA-measured and predicted SMI in men and women. This study proposed the reference values of sarcopenia in Japanese men and women. The prediction models of SMI using anthropometric measurement are valid for alternative DXA-measured SMI in Japanese adults.
著者
間宮 郁子
出版者
日本文化人類学会
雑誌
文化人類学 (ISSN:13490648)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.77, no.2, pp.306-318, 2012-09-30 (Released:2017-04-10)

Japan has more in-patient days than any other country, as well as the highest number of beds in mental hospitals as a ratio of the total population. People with mental disorders used to be hidden away under the law, either in the medical or welfare system, and suffered from a social stigma. In recent years, however, mental patients have left such isolated medical institutions and started to live among the general community, not as psychiatric patients but as persons whose will is respected and who can get social-welfare support. As that drastic paradigm shift happened rapidly, Japanese institutions for persons with mental illness have come to design various support systems in response. This paper describes the experiences of several schizophrenic persons who utilize a social welfare facility in Hokkaido: Bethel's House in Urakawa, which has developed unique ideas about dealing with schizophrenic symptoms. The members of Bethel's House diagnose their own symptoms on their own terms, and are able to study their physical conditions, sensuous feelings, and mental worlds through their own experiences of living in the community. They carry out that work studies with friends - the other members of Bethel's House - and develop and train skills for communication with their friends and the rest of the real world. The paper looks at the case of a woman at Bethel's House who had difficulty holding down a job because of voices she heard and hallucinatory delusions she saw. She only realized that the voices and hallucinations might be coming from her own mind after talking with the other members of the house. Although she suffered from the voices, she gradually gained skills to communicate with her "friends." The staff members of Bethel's House did not try to ignore the voices, but instead were told to greet them (the "friends" were just the voices that she had heard). The staff members also urged her to try to experiencing talking with her friends using those greetings. Through such daily communications, schizophrenic persons at Bethel's House, such as this woman, learn to have specific physical experiences using their own words, thereby constructing practical communities. We also found that medical institutions and welfare facilities in Japan have kept away schizophrenic experiences, having removed patients from the community in the context of psychiatric treatment, responsible individuals, and human rights. In contrast, Bethel's House lets schizophrenic persons live with their voices and hallucinations, meaning that they live in a continuous world that includes both the hospital and the outside world. On the other hand, some residents in Urakawa Town wanted to exclude Bethel's House from the community because they felt it was accommodating "irresponsible" or "suspicious" persons, or subsidizing non-working people with public monies from the town budget. Although individual daily contact was maintained between Urakawa residents and the members of Bethel's House, those exclusionary attitudes against social institutions meant that Bethel's House has come to function as an asylum for schizophrenic people in such situations, increasing the feeling of isolation in schizophrenic persons' lives, both internally and externally.
著者
武田 憲昭
出版者
耳鼻咽喉科臨床学会
雑誌
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 補冊 (ISSN:09121870)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1991, no.Supplement41, pp.197-207, 1991-02-05 (Released:2012-11-27)
参考文献数
85
被引用文献数
1

Though many different pathologies cause vomiting, they can be divided into three categories. The first is vestibular vomiting such as that caused by motion sickness. The second is vomiting mediated by chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) in the area postrema, such as that seen in poison-induced vomiting. The third is vomiting from the gastro-intestinal tract. Vestibular stimuli, signals from the CTZ, and afferent signals from the gastro-intestinal tract stimulate the vomiting center in the medulla to cause vomiting independently.Histamine H1-blockers (diphenhydramine, promethazine) prevent vestibular vomiting selectively. Dopamine D2-blockers (metoclopramide, domperidone) act on the CTZ to inhibit CTZ-mediated vomiting. Serotonin 5-HT3-blockers block afferent signals from the stomach induced by cisplatin. Diphenidol may inhibit the vomiting center because diphenidol prevents both motion and cisplatin-induced vomiting.
著者
種市 幸二 芝木 秀俊
出版者
The Japan Society for Clinical Immunology
雑誌
日本臨床免疫学会会誌 (ISSN:09114300)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, no.2, pp.207-214, 1987-04-30 (Released:2009-01-22)
参考文献数
27
被引用文献数
1 2

著者らの経験した無菌性脳脊髄膜炎(AME)を合併したシェーグレン症候群(SjS)の5症例の臨床像の検討を行った.自験例は男性1例女性4例で,年齢は19歳~56歳(平均38.8歳)であった.成人スチル病の合併が1例のみ認められたが,その他はSjS単独であった.臨床所見としてはレイノー現象および関節炎を呈したものが5例中3例,尿細管性アシドーシスの合併は5例中2例に認めた. HLA抗原に共通するものはなかった. 5例中4例はsubclinical SjSであった.髄液所見は,細胞数は中程度の増加でリンパ球優位,タンパクは8回中5回増加,糖は5回中4回に低下が認められた. AMEは4例中2例が再発性であった.AMEがSjSの多臓器病変の1つとして位置づけられるかどうかを論じ, AMEを合併したSjSの症例の蓄積とその長期にわたる観察がAMEとSjSの関連を明らかにすることを強調した.
著者
久能 若葉 杉本 麻樹 杉浦 裕太
出版者
一般社団法人 映像情報メディア学会
雑誌
映像情報メディア学会誌 (ISSN:13426907)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.73, no.3, pp.595-601, 2019 (Released:2019-04-26)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
2

本研究では,ウェアラブルデバイスを用いて手の甲の皮膚変形を計測して手指の姿勢を推定する手法を提案する.本研究で開発したウェアラブルデバイスは反射型光センサによって手の甲の皮膚を計測する.本手法は手の甲の皮膚変形から手指の姿勢を推定するため手指の位置を直接計測せず,手指の可動域を制限することなく姿勢情報を得られる.本手法はバーチャル空間におけるインタラクション手法などに使用できる.提案手法の姿勢推定精度を評価するためにユーザ実験を行った.
著者
杉山 敦史 吉野 正洋
出版者
一般社団法人 表面技術協会
雑誌
表面技術 (ISSN:09151869)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.4, pp.191-195, 2017-04-01 (Released:2018-04-01)
参考文献数
25
被引用文献数
2