著者

田中 宏

出版者

経済理論学会

雑誌

季刊経済理論 (ISSN:18825184)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.31-41, 2015-07-20 (Released:2017-07-03)

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Does Hungary, one small EU member country located in the Central Eastern Europe, metamorphose into state capitalism? To study his topic is a main task of this paper. This task makes us, however, realize that almost any one did not recognize in the 1990s where Hungary would arrive at through the systemic transformation and preparing for joining the EU, with becoming aware that Hungary had four systemic change tasks to be solved: restoring the national independence and sovereignty, political democratization, joining the EU and transforming into a market economy. More than two decades of transformative struggles show us that capitalisms in Central Easter Europe seem to have been converted into a diff erent type of capitalism from those in Western Europe and that Hungarian capitalism becomes a different type among Central East European countries in many terms. The unorthodox economic reforms and policies implemented by Fidesz governmental party and its leader Victor Orban after 2010 are not only called 'Orbanomics', but also criticized as state capitalism both inside and outside of Hungary. This paper sheds light on whether and in what terms Hungary is turned into state capitalism. The second part of this paper, following the introduction, first, conducts book and literature reviews, second, discusses state capitalism in the 19th century and 20th century, and then defines state capitalism 3.0 in the 21st century, characterizing its particular features of newly and successfully entering into the world market, and multi-nationalizing of firms with the various helps and supports by the state organs and institutions. The third part describes actual historical processes of the systemic transformation in Hungarian economy from the end of 1980s till the beginning of 2010s, focusing on significant influences upon Hungarian economy exercised by the EU integration, Global Financial and Economic Crisis, and Euro Crisis along with the results of national election every four years. And then the fourth part, uncovering emergent relationships between the state and economic-business circles, examines activities of Hungarian emerging multinationals and re-nationalization movements of firms and public services. Finally, the fourth part reaches conclusions and considers some implications for further studies concerning on this topic. The conclusions summerize characteristic features of Hungarian economy as state capitalism in terms that the state has changed and expanded its role in economic development and interventions, like suspending functions of checks & balances on the state activities, giving (un)preferential treatments to specific groups, increasing the state ownership's share, increasing influences of the state upon newly emerging sectors, abolishing decentralised decision-making, centralizing decision-making and thier competences, changing institutional frameworks of regulations, increasing state-regulations of prices, increasing state regulations and state-capitals especially in the financial sectors, and moving public service activities from under market norms to under the state management and regulations. It reveals legacies of state socialism and traces of neo-liberal type of privatization and market liberalization, providing the evidences to show state capitalism 3.0 in Hungary. In addition it includes new unconventional features of taking special tax measures and regulations on bank-financial sectors. And finally, the paper reconfirms the necessity to look at Hungarian capitalism not only from the state capitalism perspective, but also from the mixed multiple perspectives.

著者

生田目 大介

出版者

徳島大学

雑誌

研究活動スタート支援

巻号頁・発行日

2021-08-30

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咀嚼筋痛障害は,主症状として筋痛,運動痛,運動障害を示すことが知られており,治療が困難なことが多い。口腔顔面痛は,三叉神経節における炎症性サイトカインであるTNF-αを介したニューロンと三叉神経節内に存在するグリア細胞との相互作用によって調節され,三叉神経節へグリア細胞機能抑制薬のミノサイクリンを投与することで痛みの軽減を認めたことが報告されている。しかしながら,咀嚼筋痛の伝達メカニズム,およびミノサイクリン投与による鎮痛効果や作用経路については不明である。本研究では咬筋痛モデルラットを用いて,咀嚼筋痛の伝達メカニズムを解明し,新規の咀嚼筋痛治療法開発の基盤を形成することを目的とする。

著者

Keiko ODAGIRI Masaaki HAMANO Yasuhiro YOSHIKAWA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.6, pp.595-601, 1999-06-25 (Released:2000-04-12)

参考文献数

17

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The present study aimed to clarify an individual character of squirrel monkey by analysing a complicated behaviour, the egg-eating behaviour series (ES), of laboratory-reared squirrel monkeys. Eight types of unit movements were observed in the ES: the initial taking of the egg by hand; rolling it between the fingers; sniffing it in its shell; biting it in its shell; pressing or rubbing it against a surface of the cage; opening or peeling it; eating it; or putting it down without eating. In the first experiment, the behaviour of 72 monkeys was recorded by direct observation or by a video camera, following which the sequences of the movement from a total of 378 ES were analysed. Three statistically significant ES were detected (Ta-Bi-Op/Pe-Ea, Ta-Ro-Bi-Op/Pe-Ea and Ta-Pr/Ru-Bi-Op/Pe-Ea). In the second experiment, eight squirrel monkeys were selected at random from the same group and 31 to 36 ES for each monkey were observed and analysed. These monkeys were classified into a pressing/rubbing (Pr/Ru) group and a no-Pr/Ru group. Pr/Ru appeared to have no relationship to the monkey's age or sex. Furthermore, the Pr/Ru group monkeys contained individuals always exhibiting Pr/Ru in their ES and others sometimes lacking Pr/Pu in their ES. In short, the monkeys could be divided into two groups (ie., Pr/Ru and no-Pr/Ru) and they displayed their own individual characteristic ES. We concluded that the ES observed in this experiment suggest that the squirrel monkeys acquired individual characteristics in their ES in the laboratory environment.

著者

鈴木 健介 浅井 武 平嶋 裕輔 中山 雅雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, pp.261-275, 2021 (Released:2021-04-29)

参考文献数

29

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In soccer, as the number of goals determines victory or defeat, the top priority of soccer attacks is to score goals. In many competitions, more than 70% of goals are scored by shooting from within the penalty area (PA). Thus, entering the PA is an important factor in scoring goals to win games and advance in a tournament. However, as no previous research has analyzed in detail attacking play involving entry into the PA, players are unable to receive effective coaching. Focusing on the group stage of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, the present study compared attacking play into the PA between top-ranked teams that advanced (top teams) and lower-ranked teams that were defeated and did not advance (lower teams) in order to identify the characteristics and differences of the two groups. Samples were obtained from all 48 games played in the tournament at this stage. For statistical analysis, the unpaired t test and c2 test were used. No significant inter-group differences were found in the number of attacks or entering the PA and the number of shots, but the top teams had higher success rates in shooting and attacking, suggesting that they had excellent finishers or created better shooting situations. With regard to movements for receiving passes by players who entered the PA, the top teams showed a higher frequency of moving from the outside to the inside of the PA and receiving passes there, suggesting that their players received the ball as they moved toward the PA. Moreover, compared to the players of lower teams, they received passes inside the PA when no opposition defenders were in the attacking direction. These findings suggest that players of top teams evaded marking by opponents by receiving the ball while moving toward the PA. Furthermore, since top teams had higher scoring rates when their players dribbled into the PA, they likely had players more highly skilled in dribbling, thus resulting in goals.

著者

渡邊 浩史

出版者

昭和文学会

雑誌

昭和文学研究 (ISSN:03883884)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, pp.36-50, 2003 (Released:2023-05-15)

著者

相澤 真一 池田 大輝

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育学会

雑誌

教育学研究 (ISSN:03873161)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.4, pp.670-682, 2022 (Released:2023-04-25)

参考文献数

21

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本稿では、PISA2018データを用いて、日本・韓国・イギリス・オーストラリアを比較しながら、各国の男女別学あるいは男女共学のなかでのいじめ反対意識の違いを分析した。分析の結果、男子の方がいじめ反対意識が低い傾向は4ヶ国で共通しており、日本の男子校男子・共学校男子はほかの3ヶ国と比較して有意にいじめ反対意識が低かった。交互作用項を用いた分析によって、日本の男子校男子では、社会経済的地位が高いほど、あるいは、数学的リテラシーが高いほど、いじめに反対しない傾向がみられることが示された。

著者

石塚 敏

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.5, pp.301-306, 2014-05-01 (Released:2015-05-01)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2 1

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古くは大腸がん発症,最近ではメタボリックシンドロームとの関係で注目される胆汁酸には多様な分子種が存在し,その生理作用は分子種により大きく異なる.胆汁酸は肝臓で合成され,脂質の吸収に関与する両親媒性のステロイドである.胆汁を介して消化管腔内へ分泌された胆汁酸は,腸内細菌により脱抱合や二次胆汁酸への変換を受ける.胆汁酸は腸内細菌による代謝を受けるだけでなく,胆汁酸の存在が腸内細菌の存在にも影響を及ぼすという相互関係がある.一方で,胆汁酸分子は宿主でのさまざまな代謝調節に関与することが明らかになった.本稿では,胆汁酸の構造と代謝,腸内細菌への作用と食事条件による影響,メタボリックシンドロームなどの病態生理を解析するうえで考慮すべき点などについて概説する.

著者

岩堀 博

出版者

日本膜学会

雑誌

膜 (ISSN:03851036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.26-27, 2006 (Released:2015-07-01)

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Membrane separation technology, applying to seawater desalination, contributes to provide a safer, more stable and less expensive alternative water supply in arid and/or highly populated regions.

著者

国際法学会編

出版者

三省堂

巻号頁・発行日

2001

著者

芳村 康男 五味 伸太郎 大内 一之 佐藤 正明

出版者

公益社団法人 日本船舶海洋工学会

雑誌

日本船舶海洋工学会講演会論文集 23 (ISSN:24241628)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.189-192, 2016-11-21 (Released:2022-11-10)

著者

Joan Haslip

出版者

Holt, Rinehart and Winston

巻号頁・発行日

1972

著者

岸田 杏子 野村 泰之 地家 真紀 御子柴 郁夫 岸野 明洋 木村 優介 三浦 正稔 戸井 輝夫 増田 毅 鴫原 俊太郎 大島 猛史

出版者

一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.3, pp.157-163, 2019-06-30 (Released:2019-08-02)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1 1

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Purpose: This present study was aimed at evaluating the effects of our original teaching method called “Bang Bang, Hu, Kacha” on the learning efficiency. Methods: We invented this method, which involves hand modulation and vocalization of words, for medical students to enable them to easily understand and memorize the anatomy of the inner ear and vestibular organs. We evaluated its effectiveness based on self-completed questionnaires by the students. Results: The results suggested that the comprehension level of the 30 medical students of the anatomy of the inner ear organs, especially the positional relationships of the semicircular canals and cochlea improved dramatically after they underwent training using this methodology. The medical students assigned high scores to this relational hand modulation method. Conclusion: This “Bang Bang, Hu, Kacha” method seemed to be a very useful for medical education, and allowed easy comprehension and memorization of the inner ear and vestibular anatomical structures.

著者

JUN IIJIMA TOSHIHIRO YAMASE

出版者

The Society for Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents, Japan

雑誌

Journal of Microorganism Control (ISSN:27586383)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.3, pp.101-107, 2023 (Released:2023-10-23)

参考文献数

30

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Abstract: Considering the lack of detailed research on the antibacterial mechanism of polyoxometalates, we examined the synergistic effect of novel bulky mixed Ti/W hetero-polyoxometalates (K9.5H2.5 [α-Ge2Ti4W20O78]・ 29H2O; αTi4, K9H5 [α-Ge2Ti6W18O77]・16H2O; αTi6, K23H5[α-Ge4Ti12W36O154]・39H2O; αTi12, K9H5 [β-Ge2Ti6W18O77]・ 45H2O; βTi6) with the antibiotic oxacillin against vancomycin intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) using fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index and growth curve in this study. All polyoxometalates used in this study showed remarkable synergistic effects with oxacillin. Its synergistic antibacterial mechanism was examined using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and penicillin binding protein-2’ (PBP2’) latex agglutination test. The results suggested that these polyoxometalates did not inhibit mecA gene transcription but resulted in PBP2’ protein malfunction. From these results, we concluded that the substances producing resistance in VISA were affected by polyoxometalates depending on their molecular size, facilitating a synergistic antibacterial effect with oxacillin.

著者

小峯 裕己 宇野 努 田中 重夫

出版者

公益社団法人 空気調和・衛生工学会

雑誌

空気調和・衛生工学会大会 学術講演論文集 平成6年 (ISSN:18803806)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.665-668, 1994-09-01 (Released:2017-08-31)

著者

Kazuki Okamoto Tomohito Wakasa Jun Taniguchi Shin-ichi Satake

出版者

The Society of Photopolymer Science and Technology(SPST)

雑誌

Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology (ISSN:09149244)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.125-130, 2022-12-16 (Released:2023-03-14)

参考文献数

20

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Performing the minimum number of ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography imprints is important for ensuring high throughput and low costs. The stamp lifetime can be estimated quickly from little information during imprint processing. We proposed two methods to predict the stamp lifetime from durability test data with a line-patterned mold. We characterized the contact angle, concentration of release resin, and the number of imprints from the data. Both of the proposed methods used machine learning. One method was binary classification, and the other was regression analysis. Under the binary classification method, the recall was 50% and the prediction showed that the recall becomes 0% when Gaussian random noise is added. Under the regression analysis, the prediction did not drastically change, with an approximately 100-fold increase in the mean absolute error. The results show that regression analysis is useful for predicting the lifetime of a line-patterned mold.

著者

榎本 光信 今井 忍 八木 洋 上松瀬 勝男

出版者

Japanese Heart Rhythm Society

雑誌

心電図 (ISSN:02851660)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.6, pp.587-595, 2003-11-25 (Released:2010-09-09)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

2 1

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【目的】洞不全症候群 (SSS) に対して陽性変時作用を有するシロスタゾールが, SSSにおける工過性高度心房停止を抑制しうるかを検討した.【方法, 結果】対象はSSS23例.シロスタゾールを3カ月間内服前後でホルター心電図検査を施行した.20/23例で内服後2.5秒以上の心停止は消失し, 症状は改善した上有効20例の内服前の最大心房停止間隔 (max.PP) は3.4±1.3秒であった.心停止が残存した無効3例では内服前のmax.PPはいずれも6秒以上と高度に延長しており, 内服後も効果が不十分のためペースメーカ植込み術を施行した.内服前に施行した心臓電気生理検査では, 心房頻回刺激により全例洞房ブロックを認め, 4.2±3.4個の孤立性洞結節電位を伴い洞結節回復時間 (SRTi) は5, 518±3, 808msecと延長した.シロスタゾール有効例では内服3カ月後, 心房頻回刺激により洞房ブロックは改善しSRTiは1, 765±550msecと短縮した.【結語】シロスタゾールは洞房伝導を改善し, SSSにおける工過性心房停止の抑制効果を認めた.

著者

加納 寛子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育工学会

雑誌

日本教育工学会研究報告集 (ISSN:24363286)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2023, no.3, pp.61-65, 2023-10-16 (Released:2023-10-16)

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テレワークに対する意識と年収および幸福感の関連について分析した結果,年収が高い人ほどテレワークを希望する傾向が見られた.

著者

埴田 健司 村田 光二

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.3, pp.307-317, 2013-09-01 (Released:2014-12-05)

参考文献数

26

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In general, people tend to associate men with work-related concepts and women with home-related concepts. In this study, we examined whether these beliefs about sex-roles that people had implicitly and also explicitly were influenced by remembering exemplars of homemakers (i.e., traditional women) or career women (i.e., nontradi-tional women). Participants were asked to remember as many exemplars of traditional or nontraditional women as they could and write down their names. Following this manipulation, they completed the paper-and-pencil IAT measuring their implicit asso-ciations between gender and concepts related to work and home. They then completed a measure of explicit belief about sex-roles. The results showed that participants who remembered exemplars of nontraditional women revealed weaker implicit male-work and female-home associations than participants who remembered exemplars of tradi-tional women. On the other hand, the explicit belief about sex-roles was not influenced by the type of the remembered women exemplars. These results suggested that the belief that people have implicitly about sex-roles might depend on the type of women exemplars activated in situation. Finally, we discussed possible processes of the change in implicit belief about sex-roles.

著者

橋本 将志

出版者

岡山大学

雑誌

若手研究

巻号頁・発行日

2020-04-01

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近年脚光を浴びるようになったがん免疫療法も予後不良な膵がんにおいてはその効果は限定的である.がんウイルス療法は,既存の治療とは異なるメカニズム抗腫瘍効果を発揮し,がん免疫療法との相性がよいと報告されている.我々が開発した腫瘍融解アデノウイルス製剤のテロメライシンは現在臨床試験の段階にあるが,さらにp53がん抑制遺伝子を搭載した,p53発現腫瘍融解アデノウイルス製剤(OBP-702)を開発し,テロメライシンでは効果が不十分であった難治性がんの治療に挑戦している.本研究では,マウス・ヒトの膵がん細胞株を使用し,OBP-702が既存化学療法と比較し免疫学的治療効果を期待できる薬剤であるかを検討する.