著者

Zen Faulkes

出版者

Carcinological Society of Japan

雑誌

Crustacean Research (ISSN:02873478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.75-92, 2015 (Released:2015-11-17)

参考文献数

120

被引用文献数

18 42

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The sale of crayfish in the pet trade has increased in recent decades, and a substantial fraction of the world's entire range of crayfish species is available in the pet trade. The market for pet crayfish creates two major concerns: the potential for over exploitation of natural populations of crayfish to supply the pet trade, and the negative consequences resulting from the release of non-indigenous crayfish into natural habitats. The chain from the source of crayfish to the final owner can be lengthy, and each step in the supply chain needs to be studied by different methods. While there are often regulations intended to limit the trade of crayfish as pets, they differ widely from place to place and seem to have limited success in changing the behaviour of owners of pet crayfish.

著者

Dusan SOKOLOVIC Boris DJINDJIC Jelenka NIKOLIC Gordana BJELAKOVIC Dusica PAVLOVIC Gordana KOCIC Dejan KRSTIC Tatjana CVETKOVIC Voja PAVLOVIC

出版者

Journal of Radiation Research Editorial Committee

雑誌

Journal of Radiation Research (ISSN:04493060)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.6, pp.579-586, 2008 (Released:2008-11-28)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

80

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Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the intensity of oxidative stress in the brain of animals chronically exposed to mobile phones and potential protective effects of melatonin in reducing oxidative stress and brain injury. Materials and methods: Experiments were performed on Wistar rats exposed to microwave radiation during 20, 40 and 60 days. Four groups were formed: I group (control)- animals treated by saline, intraperitoneally (i.p.) applied daily during follow up, II group (Mel)- rats treated daily with melatonin (2 mg kg-1 body weight i.p.), III group (MWs)- microwave exposed rats, IV group (MWs + Mel)- MWs exposed rats treated with melatonin (2 mg kg-1 body weight i.p.). The microwave radiation was produced by a mobile test phone (SAR = 0.043-0.135 W/kg). Results: A significant increase in the brain tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl group concentration was registered during exposure. Decreased activity of catalase (CAT) and increased activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) remained after 40 and 60 days of exposure to mobile phones. Melatonin treatment significantly prevented the increase in the MDA content and XO activity in the brain tissue after 40 days of exposure while it was unable to prevent the decrease of CAT activity and increase of carbonyl group contents. Conclusion: We demonstrated two important findings; that mobile phones caused oxidative damage biochemically by increasing the levels of MDA, carbonyl groups, XO activity and decreasing CAT activity; and that treatment with the melatonin significantly prevented oxidative damage in the brain.

著者

川野 義長 伊藤 裕

出版者

一般社団法人 日本糖尿病学会

雑誌

糖尿病 (ISSN:0021437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.3, pp.100-103, 2018-03-30 (Released:2018-03-30)

参考文献数

5

著者

藤田 和也 岡田 謙介

出版者

日本行動計量学会

雑誌

行動計量学 (ISSN:03855481)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.53-71, 2019 (Released:2020-03-31)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

1

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Measurement of subjective probability may theoretically be achieved based on the decision making tasks which require participants to choose between two gambles with known and unknown outcome probabilities. However, this approach is known to suffer from the effect of a human cognitive factor known as the ambiguity aversion. Moreover, because this approach is not based on statistical model, the estimation precision of the subjective probability cannot be evaluated. In the current study, we introduce the cumulative prospect theory model to this problem, and derive its Fisher information matrix. Using this information, we propose an adaptive presentation of the decision making tasks. Simulation studies and an empirical application confirmed that the derived Fisher information corresponds well with the empirical posterior standard deviation, and that the proposed adaptive task selection method performs much better than selecting the tasks at random. Furthermore, adaptive task selection which fixes the rewards of the two gambles was found to perform worse than the unconstrained ones. We conclude that unconstrained adaptive task selection is desirable for measurement of subjective probability under ambiguity.

著者

大泉 さやか

出版者

一般財団法人 アジア政経学会

雑誌

アジア研究 (ISSN:00449237)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.1, pp.21-36, 2020-01-31 (Released:2020-03-12)

参考文献数

39

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This paper investigates the control exerted by the Vietnamese government on the distribution and performance of South Vietnam era songs after the end of the Vietnam war—which is referred to as the Liberation of the South—and explains why the government recently announced the abolition of the special control system intended to censor these songs. Soon after the end of the Vietnam war, the government prohibited South Vietnam era songs, due to their decadent and antigovernment characteristics. However, Vietnamese people living overseas, most of whom had been exiled from former South Vietnam to Western countries, have continued to sing these songs in their communities. From the latter half of the 1980’s, Vietnam incentivized Vietnamese people living overseas to return, either temporarily or permanently, because of their financial potential. The government also gradually eased restrictions on South Vietnam era songs. Until 1999, several government agencies maintained control on the use of South Vietnam era songs. Until 2012, provincial-level government agencies remained in control of local stage performances. After 2012, the Department of Performing Arts (DPA), under the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, was tasked with controlling permissions related to songs composed in South Vietnam before 1975 and overseas, and in 2016, the range of the DPA’s control expanded to songs composed before 1975 and overseas. Ongoing debates reveal that the contemporary censorship system had already reached its limit because (1) no authoritative entity, including the DPA itself, fully understands which songs had been permitted since the end of the 1980’s, and (2) the DPA cannot control the vast number of songs that fall under the literal interpretation of the present decree, as “the songs composed before 1975” technically includes all songs composed in Northern Vietnam before 1975. Considering Vietnamese song markets, Vietnamese singers living or traveling internationally tend to return or expand their business to Vietnam due to the international markets’ shrinkage; this encourages singers to refrain from engaging in politically sensitive activities in international communities. From around 2012, Boléro songs, which are often South Vietnam era songs, have comprised a major trend in Vietnam. However, people superficially refer to nostalgia for songs that were sang in former Saigon, concealing the South-Vietnamese identity of these songs. The Vietnamese government intends to remove the special control system to overcome such procedural limitations, accompanied by the atmosphere in Vietnamese song markets as they attempt to limit the proliferation political messages in South Vietnam era songs.

著者

團 康晃

出版者

関東社会学会

雑誌

年報社会学論集 (ISSN:09194363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2017, no.30, pp.75-86, 2017-07-31 (Released:2018-09-01)

参考文献数

17

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This paper analyzes how the meaning associated with the word “shikohin” evolved and was extended in the Meiji era. “Shikohin” was originally introduced as a word for knowledge of German hygiene in a textbook translated by Goto Shinpei, who worked for the Board of Health. Soon after, in a fast-changing environment of consumption, “shikohin” was used in the public relations magazine ‘Shiko’, where it connoted not only a knowledge of hygiene but also knowledge relevant to taste.

著者

成田 健太郎 中村 覚 水野 遊大

出版者

書学書道史学会

雑誌

書学書道史研究 (ISSN:18832784)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2020, no.30, pp.71-82,158, 2020-10-31 (Released:2021-03-16)

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In recent years, an increasing number of Hojo images have been made public in web data archives. This paper examines a method of, as described below, and its practicability in processing properly a group of archived image data using presently available techniques, thereby enhancing the efficiency of comparative research of Hojos, and thus contributing to the development of research into the history of calligraphy.  First, an identifier is given to each of the works listed in Hojos to create source data. The same identifier is given to images of the same work in different materials in order to achieve source control in detecting all the reproduced images of the same work in different materials in a single action.  Second, a mechanism is devised to recognize the line breaks in the images, line breaks are given to Hojo images semi-automatically, and an identifier is given to the respective lines. By relating these line identifiers to the above-mentioned work identifiers, it is possible to cut out the image of the target work from the overall image data and display it.  Third, an arbitrary string of letters is selected and the mechanism detects images of identical parts among different materials using image-processing technology. This makes it possible to reference different versions of the same work listed in different Hojos without adding text information to the images.  Despite the necessity of further technical improvement regarding the referencing of different versions as described in step three, a series of experiments conducted to establish the above-mentioned method suggested the possibility that image processing technology can be developed as a tool to examine more detailed differences found among different lines of Hojos.

著者

岡﨑 友輔

出版者

日本微生物生態学会

雑誌

日本微生物生態学会誌 (ISSN:24241989)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.80-82, 2021-09-01 (Released:2021-09-15)

参考文献数

25

著者

Naoyuki Takashima Hisatomi Arima Yoshikuni Kita Takako Fujii Naomi Miyamatsu Masaru Komori Yoshihisa Sugimoto Satoru Nagata Katsuyuki Miura Kazuhiko Nozaki

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.11, pp.1636-1646, 2017-10-25 (Released:2017-10-25)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

40 116

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Background:This study determined the current status of the incidence, management, and prognosis of stroke in Japan using a population-based stroke registry.Methods and Results:Shiga Stroke Registry is an ongoing population-based registry that covers approximately 1.4 million residents of Shiga Prefecture. Cases of acute stroke were identified using standard definitions through surveillance of both all acute-care hospitals with neurology/neurosurgery facilities and death certificates in 2011. A total of 2,956 stroke cases and 2,176 first-ever stroke cases were identified. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence rate for first-ever stroke using the 2013 European Standard Population as standard was per 100,000 person-years: 91.3 for ischemic stroke, 36.4 for intracerebral hemorrhage, and 13.7 for subarachnoid hemorrhage. It was estimated that approximately 220,000 new strokes occurred in 2011 in Japan. Among the 2,956 cases, most stroke patients underwent neuroimaging, 268 received surgical or endovascular treatment, and 2,158 had rehabilitation therapy; 78 patients received intravenous thrombolysis. A total of 1,846 stroke patients had died or were dependent at hospital discharge, and 390 died within 28 days of onset.Conclusions:Incidence rates of stroke by subtypes were clarified and the total number of new strokes in Japan was estimated. More than half of stroke patients die or become dependent after a stroke. This study re-emphasized the importance of public health measures in reducing the burden of stroke in Japan.

著者

西成 勝好

出版者

社団法人 日本食品科学工学会

雑誌

日本食品工業学会誌 (ISSN:00290394)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.61-68, 1987-01-15 (Released:2009-04-21)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

1

著者

兵頭 政光 弘瀬 かほり 長尾 明日香 吉田 真夏 大森 孝一 城本 修 西澤 典子 久 育男 湯本 英二

出版者

日本音声言語医学会

雑誌

音声言語医学 (ISSN:00302813)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.1-6, 2016 (Released:2016-02-23)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1 4

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本邦における痙攣性発声障害患者数や臨床像を明らかにすることを目的として,アンケート方式による疫学調査を実施した.本疾患の音声所見を収録したサンプルCDを作成したうえで,全国の主要な耳鼻咽喉科医療機関655施設に調査表を送付した.その結果,過去2年間にこれらの医療機関を受診した患者は1,534例あり,このうち新規患者は887例(0.70人/10万人)いることが確認できた.これにより,有病率は3.5~7.0人/10万人以上になることが推測された.臨床像としては,年齢は20および30歳代が59.0%を占め,男女比は1:4.1と女性が多かった.病型は内転型が約93.2%を占め,症状は内転型では声のつまりや努力性発声,外転型では失声や声が抜けるなどが特徴的であった.症状発現から医療機関受診までの期間の中央値は3.0年であった.治療はA型ボツリヌス毒素の内喉頭筋内注入療法や甲状軟骨形成術Ⅱ型などが,一部の医療機関で集約的に行われていた.今回の調査を通して,痙攣性発声障害は耳鼻咽喉科医においてもまだ十分に認識されていないことが推測された.調査結果などを基にして,診断基準の作成や治療指針の確立が望まれる.

著者

吾郷 由希夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.7, pp.686-690, 2017 (Released:2017-07-01)

参考文献数

24

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うつ病の生物学的な原因は未解明であり,臨床研究と同時に,その病態解明や創薬には実験動物を用いた研究が必要不可欠である.うつ病の動物モデルとしての意味には二通りあり,一つは,薬物の抗うつ効果の判定などに用いられる行動モデルとしての動物モデルであり,もう一つは,特定の病因仮説に基づいた疾患モデルとしての動物モデルである.本稿では,うつ病の中心的症状である無快感症(アンヘドニア)を齧歯動物で評価する行動試験について,最新の研究を紹介する.また,臨床開発が進んでいるケタミンを例に,抗うつ薬の新しい標的分子について概説する.

著者

小林 正法

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.92.20213, (Released:2021-02-26)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

2

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Conducting psychological experiments online has become popular in Japan and is useful for psychological research during the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies found that well-known psychological phenomena were successfully observed through online experiments. However, using recall tests, including a free recall test or a cued recall test, might be difficult in an online experiment. This is because the suggestion function, which is included in the Input Method Editor (IME), can aid recall when participants type their response. Recently, a plugin for online experiments, which might overcome this problem, was developed. However, it remains unclear if this technique is effective for psychological studies that use recall tests. Therefore, I examined whether false memory and retrieval-induced forgetting were replicated by recall tests in online experiments when the IME was bypassed by using the plugin. The results indicated that false recall and retrieval-induced forgetting were successfully observed. Given my results, online experiments using some types of recall tests can be conducted without the suggestion function.

著者

大羽 成征

出版者

日本神経回路学会

雑誌

日本神経回路学会誌 (ISSN:1340766X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.113-122, 2018-09-05 (Released:2018-10-31)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

4

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自由エネルギー原理(FEP)および能動推論(AIF)は,動物の脳が環境を知覚し認識しこれに基づいて行動を起こす過程の情報処理機構全般を対象とした説明原理であり,脳の神経計算機構のモデルであるのみならず,動物やヒトを取り巻く実環境タスクに向き合う人工知能設計のためにも示唆するところが大きい.本論では,FEPおよびAIFが依って立つ基盤である変分推論および確率的推論としての制御について,それぞれその基礎を確認することによってFEPおよびAIFの意義を浮かび上がらせることを試みる.

著者

男性型および女性型脱毛症診療ガイドライン作成委員会 眞鍋 求 坪井 良治 板見 智 長田 真一 天羽 康之 伊藤 泰介 乾 重樹 植木 理恵 大山 学 倉田 荘太郎 幸野 健 齊藤 典充 佐藤 明男 下村 裕 中村 元信 成澤 寛 山﨑 正視

出版者

公益社団法人 日本皮膚科学会

雑誌

日本皮膚科学会雑誌 (ISSN:0021499X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.127, no.13, pp.2763-2777, 2017-12-20 (Released:2017-12-20)

参考文献数

107

著者

大門 純平 伊藤 元裕 綿貫 豊

出版者

公益財団法人 山階鳥類研究所

雑誌

山階鳥類学雑誌 (ISSN:13485032)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.95-104, 2019-12-15 (Released:2019-12-15)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 3

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The status of seabirds breeding on Daikoku Island, eastern Hokkaido, Japan, was updated. The number of nest burrows of Leach's Storm Petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa was estimated using nest densities and areas of each habitat in 2014, and was 415,674; about half of the annual population estimates for 1972–1994. The number of nest burrows of the Rhinoceros Auklet Cerorhinca monocerata was estimated similarly, and was 77,734; about 10 times the estimate for 1986. These population changes were due to changes of both nest density and area of habitats. The number of nests of the Slaty-backed Gull Larus schistisagus was directly counted, and was 5–30 in 2014–2018; less than 5% of that recorded annually from 1982–1994 (3,500–8,200 pairs). The number of nests of the Japanese Cormorant Phalacrocorax capillatus was counted directly and was 120–245 in 2014–2018, except 2016; similar to that seen in 1980–2015 (172–321 nests). Disturbance by White-tailed Eagles Haliaeetus albicilla was observed in the colonies of Slaty-backed Gulls and Japanese Cormorants.

著者

関本 美貴 島田 淳子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本調理科学会

雑誌

日本調理科学会誌 (ISSN:13411535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.67-71, 2005-01-20 (Released:2013-04-26)

参考文献数

12

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Rice was washed by using a whisk at three mixing speeds: one revolution per second, two revolutions per second and four revolutions per second. The rice was also washed by hand at two revolutions per second as a control. The proportion of rice granules broken when the whisk was used was higher than that when washed by hand under all the conditions examined, the higher the mixing speed, the higher the breakage ratio. The amount of solid material separated from the rice granules into the water during washing was also higher when a whisk was used than when washed by hand, although there was no effect from the mixing speed. The textural and sensory properties of the cooked rice that had been washed by using a whisk were not significantly different from those of the cooked rice that had been washed by hand. We conclude from these results that washing rice by whisking affects the integrity of the grains and offers no advantages over hand washing.

著者

花田 恵介 勝山 美海 河野 正志 竹林 崇 平山 和美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本作業療法士協会

雑誌

作業療法 (ISSN:02894920)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.4, pp.503-511, 2021-08-15 (Released:2021-08-15)

参考文献数

20

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要旨:体性感覚障害は脳卒中後にしばしば起きる症状だが,体性感覚障害に対する介入が,対象者の内観や生活行動にどのような変容をもたらすかは明らかでない.今回我々は,重度の体性感覚鈍麻によって,日常生活で左手の使用に困難をきたした脳卒中慢性期の男性を経験した.Careyらが示した原則(1993,2012)に準じて,体性感覚刺激を弁別したり同定したりする能動的感覚再学習を1回1時間,週2回,8週間行ったところ,左手の体性感覚の一部と日常生活における使用感が改善した.改善の背景に,残存能力を用いた意識的な代償がうかがわれ,能動的感覚再学習がそれを促した可能性が考えられた.

著者

前川 友香里 鈴木 馨

出版者

日本ペット栄養学会

雑誌

ペット栄養学会誌 (ISSN:13443763)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.7-11, 2017-04-10 (Released:2017-05-02)

参考文献数

5

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エキゾチックペットとして広がりつつあるデグーは粗食に適応した草食齧歯類であり、飼育下での高栄養食給餌は糖尿病や脂質異常症の発症などが危惧されている。本研究では、デグーとのコミュニケーションをはかるための高嗜好性食物の検討とそれらの食餌による血糖への影響を検討した。臨床的に健康な成熟個体(n=6)を用いて、あらかじめ空腹時血糖値(64.2±2.2mg/dl、平均値±標準誤差)を測定後、通常食(ペレット)、高繊維質食(チモシー)、高糖質食(乾燥パイン)、および高脂質食(ヒマワリの種)の嗜好性、ならびに給与後の食後血糖値変動を調べた。17時間絶食後の摂食量は最も多いものから、高脂質食(2.7±0.2g、平均値±標準誤差)、高糖質食(2.4±0.2g)、高繊維質食(1.6±0.3g)、通常食(0.6±0.1g)の順序であった。食後血糖値は、高糖質食で最もピーク値が高く(91.8±7.8mg/dl)、高脂質食で最も低かったが(68.7±3.9mg/dl)、いずれも生理的変動の範囲内であり、150分以内で空腹時血糖値付近に戻った。以上より、常用・長期の場合は除き、高嗜好性食物の利用がデグーの健康に直ちに悪影響を及ぼす可能性は低いことが示唆された。

著者

下野 嘉子

出版者

日本雑草学会

雑誌

雑草研究 (ISSN:0372798X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.4, pp.287-294, 2010 (Released:2011-04-22)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

10 7