著者
平岡 瑞恵 岡村 聡
出版者
日本地学教育学会
雑誌
地学教育 (ISSN:00093831)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.1, pp.29-39, 2015-05-31 (Released:2016-07-20)
参考文献数
24

高等学校地学の教科書では,火成岩の多様性は結晶分化作用に重点が置かれ,それ以外の火成岩生成説の記述は不十分である.また,偏光顕微鏡を用いた薄片観察が扱われているが,その観察と火成岩の多様性とを関連づけた解説はなされていない.これらの問題点を解決するために,北海道有珠火山を題材にした学習プログラムの開発を試みた.学習プログラムには,結晶分化作用のモデルを検証するための各種火成岩の噴出量の見積もりと比較,マグマ混合モデルを検証するためのケイ長質岩の肉眼および偏光顕微鏡観察が含まれる.
著者
安田 つくし 三原 鉄也 永森 光晴 杉本 重雄
雑誌
じんもんこん2015論文集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2015, pp.255-262, 2015-12-12

マンガやアニメーションを題材とした創作やその交流に端を発する同人活動が急
著者
山下 博樹
出版者
地理科学学会
雑誌
地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.1, pp.1-19, 1993
被引用文献数
1

近年,多くの研究者によって指摘されている大都市圏の構造変化に関して,東京大都市圏周辺部への都市諸機能の集積,さらにそれらが顕著にみられる周辺中核都市の成長に着目し,1975年〜1985年の変化について考察をおこなった。個々の周辺中核都市の特性を解明するに際して,通勤・通学流動,物品販売機能の集積状況,および業務管理機能の集積状況を明らかにした。その結果は次の通りである。(1)東京への通勤・通学人口率をみると,周辺部への高等教育機関移転の結果,とりわけ通学人口率の相対的低下が進んだ。(2)通勤・通学人口率から周辺中核都市は,その人口吸引の特性によって4つの類型に分類できる。また人口吸引力に優れた機能の集積が,大都市圏周辺部において周辺中核都市を成長させている。さらにかかる都市の成長にともない人口流動現象が複雑化してきた。(3)小売商業力指数から判断して,都心部での水準維持に対して,周辺部では全体的に平準化が進み,地域格差が縮小した。また東京への通勤・通学率がおおむね30%以下と高い周辺部内帯では,東京の近郊都市としての性格を強めた結果,上記の指数の低下傾向が認められた。(4)上場企業の支所オフィスは,東京区部へ一極集中すると同時に県域統括レベル支所オフィスの周辺中核都市への著しい集積がみられた。さらに下位の都市でもその立地増加が確認された業種もある。かかる状況から,大都市圏における周辺中核都市のもつ機能は重要性を増大しつつあると言える。したがって,そうした動向は大都市圏における構造変化の一断面であると規定できる。
著者
一杉 正仁 菅谷 仁 平林 秀樹 妹尾 正 下田 和孝 田所 望 古田 裕明
出版者
獨協医科大学
雑誌
Dokkyo journal of medical sciences (ISSN:03855023)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.3, pp.175-178, 2008-10-25
被引用文献数
1

マークミスが生じやすい試験問題を明らかにするために,同一受験生を対象に,問題の種類や解答肢数の違いといった質的な変化あるいは問題数の変化がマークミスの発生頻度におよぼす影響を検討した.医学部6年生が4パターンの試験(530問,複択問題6.8 %;1130問,複択問題2.0 %;530問,複択問題11.8%;530問,複択問題57.2%)を受験し,それぞれにおけるマークミスの発生頻度を調査した.問題数が約2倍になっても,複択問題のしめる割合が低下するとともに,1人当たりのマークミス発生率は有意に低下した.問題形式および問題数が同じ場合,複択問題のしめる割合が4.8倍に増加すると,1人あたりのマークミス発生率は2倍に増加した.問題数を増加させるより,複択問題のしめる割合を増加させた方が,マークミスを誘発しやすいことがわかった.したがって,今後は複択問題のしめる割合を増加させた試験問題を利用して,マークミスの予防対策を講じることが有効と考える.
著者
加納 恭卓
出版者
石川県農業短期大学
雑誌
石川県農業短期大学研究報告 (ISSN:03899977)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, pp.17-24, 1993-12-15

空洞の発達したスイカ果実は市場での評価が著しく低くなる。本報告では低節位と高節位に着果し生長した果実について,果実生長,果肉細胞ならびに細胞間隙の数と大きさ,および空洞の発達状況を調査し空洞の発生機構を明らかにしようとした。1.第7,8節目の低節位に着果し生長した果実では,第16節目の高節位のものに比べ,受粉後10日目の果実の大きさは小さいが,果実の生長速度が大きく,空洞発生率も空洞面積も大きかった。低節位,高節位のいずれの果実でも10日目の果実に比べ,30日目の果実では,果皮部や外壁部の細胞の大きさは変わらなかったが,果皮部や外壁部を除く果肉部の細胞の大きさは大きくなった。 30日目では,低節位の果実では高節位の果実に比べ,果皮部や外壁部の細胞の大きさはほぼ同じであったが,果肉部ではより大きな細胞と細胞間隙が認められた。2.受粉後40日目の果実について,果実の横断面の端から中心を通り端までの細胞および細胞間隙の大きさと数を調査したところ,低節位の果実では果実中の細胞数は少なく,より大きな細胞が多くあった。また,細胞間隙の数も多く,しかも大きな間隙が多かった。以上より,スイカの果実中の空洞の発達について次のように考えることができる。果実中の細胞数の少ない低節位の果実では,果実の生長にともない,細胞肥大のみによる果実内部の生長と細胞分裂もともなう果実外側節の生長との間に不均衡が生じ,果実内部で内部組織を引っ張るような力学的な歪みが発生し空洞が発達する。しかし,細胞数の多い高節位の果実ではたとえ果実の生長が促進されても内部の生長は外側部の生長と均衡が保てるため力学的な歪みも生じず空洞は発達しない。
著者
鈴木 義武
出版者
公益社団法人 高分子学会
雑誌
高分子 (ISSN:04541138)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.7, pp.445-447, 2000-07-01 (Released:2011-10-14)
参考文献数
6

ウェアラブルな通信機器の具現化を目指して,腕時計形PHS電話機を開発した.音声認識機能と拡声通話機能を搭載し,超小型化を実現した.また,低消費電力LSIを搭載し,小型電池の使用を可能にした.今後のウェアラブル通信機器のマルチメディア化に向けて,透過型HMD,液晶表示,ポリマー電池などへの高分子技術の応用が期待される.
著者
小池 克明 西山 孝 石田 志朗 藤田 和夫
出版者
Japan Association for Quaternary Research
雑誌
第四紀研究 (ISSN:04182642)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.5, pp.395-404, 1990
被引用文献数
4 1

Facies analysis of sediments based on the boring database systems of the Osaka, Kyoto, and Kameoka basins situated in the central part of the Kinki district, Japan, have been carried out to correlate their subsurface sediments. The analytical method is the one which calculates the appearance percentage of clay, sand, and gravel at the same elevations and at 0.5m intervals in each of the basins, and then smooths these data using the moving average method for 21 terms. As a result, it has been revealed that the fluctuations in the appearance percentage of clay in the Osaka basin occur with a frequency very similar to the fluctuations of oxygen-isotope ratio in the upper part of core V28-239 raised from the Solomon Rise at lat 3°15′N, long 159°11′E from a depth of 3, 490m. Furthermore, the fluctuation patterns of the appearance percentage of gravel in each of the basins are similar to one another, which suggests a common sedimentation related to the global paleoclimate in the basins of the same drainage system.<br>Spectral analysis using the Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) reveals that the appearance percentage of clay and sand in the Osaka basin each have a preeminent period of about 30m, while gravels in the northern part of the Kyoto basin and the Kameoka basin have a 12-13m period in common.
著者
Ohnishi Yasuo Beppu Teruhiko Horinouchi Sueharu
出版者
The Japanese Biochemical Society
雑誌
The Journal of Biochemistry (ISSN:0021924X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.121, no.5, pp.902-913, 1997

A serine protease (SSP) of <i>Serratia marcescens</i> is one of the extracellular enzymes secreted from this Gram-negative bacterium. SSP is produced as a large precursor and converted to a mature protein by cleavages removing an NH<sub>2</sub>-terminal signal sequence and a COOH-terminal pro-region. This COOH-terminal pro-region is integrated into the outer membrane and has a functional role for the export of the mature protein across the outer membrane. Southern hybridization analysis with a DNA fragment encoding the COOH-terminal pro-region as the probe showed a wide distribution of nucleotide sequences encoding SSP exporter-like proteins among <i>Serratia</i> species. Moreover, S. marcescens IFO 3046, from which the ssp gene had been cloned, was found to contain two ssp homologues (<i>ssp-h1</i> and <i>ssp-h2</i>). They were cloned and their nucleotide sequences were determined. The two ssp homologues were found to exist in tandem on the genome and their amino acid sequences showed 81% identity to each other. Both of them showed 55% identity in amino acid sequence to preproSSP. In addition, both showed end-to-end similarity to the 100 kDa serotype-specific antigen (Ssa1) of Pasteurella haemolytica. Escherichia coli JM105 containing <i>ssp-h1</i> gene produced a 53 kDa protein corresponding to the NH<sub>2</sub>terminal portion and a 49 kDa protein corresponding to the COOH-terminal portion, both of which were rigidly integrated in the outer membrane. Consistent with the significant similarity of the COOH-terminal portions of the homologues to that of SSP, they showed the ability to translocate the mature SSP part across the outer membrane into the medium. Furthermore, the NH<sub>2</sub>-terminal portion of the homologue was not translocated into the outer membrane without its COOH-terminal part. All of these data show that the SSP homologues are outer membrane proteins that are translocated into the outer membrane with the aid of the translocator function of their COOH-terminal part.
著者
岡本 真
出版者
公益財団法人史学会
雑誌
史學雜誌 (ISSN:00182478)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.124, no.4, pp.528-552, 2015-04-20

Previous research on the dispatch of tribute ships from Japan to Ming China (kenminsen 遣明船) during the Sengoku period claimed that the Ouchi Clan of the northern Kyushu and western Chugoku regions achieved a monopoly on this activity after the Ningbo Incident of 1523, in which ships dispatched by the Ouchi Clan attacked a ship dispatched by the Hosokawa Clan of the Kinai and Shikoku regions. However, whether this commonly accepted theory reflects the actual situation is questionable. The purpose of this article is to examine this theory by focusing on the ships referred to as "Sakai Totosen" 堺渡唐船 (tribute ships planned to embark from Sakai to China) in the primary sources, considering specifically the parties involved in their dispatch, their crews and passengers, the purpose of their dispatch, and their overall historical significance. First, the parties involved in the project of dispatching these ships are discussed. The sources, including Tenbun Nikki 天文日記, a mid-16th century diary written by the abbot of Honganji Temple, indicate that these ships planned to embark from Sakai and were prepared by the shogunal deputy (kanrei 管領) Hosokawa Harumoto and the Sakai merchants. The other players, Honganji Temple and the Ichijo Clan of Tosa Province, merely supported this project, while Sengoku Daimyo Ouchi Yoshitaka and Hatakeyama Tanenaga attempted to prevent the dispatch. Next, regarding those aboard the ships and the purpose of their dispatch, the author introduces two newly discovered diplomatic documents from Katto 活套, a mid-16th century miscellanea concerning Sakai, the content and dates of which prove that they are related to these ships. According to these documents, the ships were to be outfitted like their predecessors as bearing official tribute to the Ming Court. The Zen monk Chushuku Shojo was meant to be on board as ambassador along with the physician Nakarai Akifusa. The purposes of the dispatch were 1) to present the tribute goods carried by the previous Hosokawa ship and supposedly left behind in China after the Ningbo Incident; 2) to acquire the return of personal belongings of the previous ship; 3) to secure the release and return of Song Suqing, the member of the previous ship; 4) to acquire new tallies (kango 勘合) for tribute trade along with the related gold seal from the Chinese authorities; and 5) to secure permission for Nakarai to study Chinese medicine. Finally, concerning the historical significance of these ships, it is clear that Hosokawa Harumoto and the Sakai merchants intended this project to continue diplomatic negotiations with the Ming Dynasty, which had been carried out by the Muromachi shogun Ashikaga Yoshiharu and the shogunal deputy Hosokawa Takakuni in the aftermath of the Ningbo Incident. The transfer of the previously unknown provisional tally for tribute trade issued in the Jiajing period (Kasei jun-kango 嘉靖准勘合) illuminates the process leading from the original negotiations to this project. Furthermore, when comparing this project with the ships dispatched by Ouchi Yoshitaka in 1539, we find that both were meant to recover cargos related to the Ningbo Incident and to acquire new tallies. While it was previously thought that the Ouchi Clan eliminated competition from the Hosokawa Clan following the Ningbo Incident, the information above shows that the rivalry over the dispatch of tribute ships actually continued unabated.
著者
Misa Yamamoto Toshihiko Yamauchi Kozue Okano Mutsuo Takahashi Shoji Watabe Yoshimi Yamamoto
出版者
東北ジャーナル刊行会
雑誌
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.217, no.3, pp.193-201, 2009 (Released:2009-03-13)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
11 18

Neurofibromas are benign tumors that comprise primarily of Schwann cells and fibroblasts. Mast cells have been found scattered in the tumor tissue, and their role in promoting the proliferation of neurofibroma has been suggested. Tranilast (N-[3,4-dimethoxycinnamolyl]anthranilic acid) is an anti-allergic drug that inhibits release of the chemical mediators from mast cells and it used for the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars by its inhibition of growth-promoting transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 from fibroblasts. We assumed that tranilast would suppress neurofibroma cell growth. In order to prove this hypothesis, we investigated the effectiveness of tranilast in inhibiting the tumor growth using a new cell culture system obtained from patients with neurofibromas. We called this culture system with the mixture of Schwann cells and fibroblasts “NF1 cells culture”. Mast cells were differentiated from CD34+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells of normal healthy subjects, and were co-cultured with NF1 cells. Three days after tranilast (10 ∼ 100 μM) added to the culture dishes, we counted viable cell numbers and measured the concentrations of TGF-β1, stem cell factor (SCF) and tryptase, which exists in the histamine granule, in the culture medium. Tranilast significantly suppressed proliferation of the NF1 cells and lowered the levels of TGF-β1, SCF and tryptase. These results suggest that tranilast retards tumor proliferation through not only suppression of cell growth factor, but also the inhibition of a chemical mediator released from mast cells. Thus, tranilast can be a potent therapeutic agent to inhibit the growth of neurofibromas.

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