著者

Gerald STANHILL Shabtai COHEN

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.1, pp.57-67, 2008 (Released:2008-05-12)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

44 48

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Annual values of sunshine duration (SS) measured in Japan between 1890 and 2002 were used as a proxy for global irradiance (Eg↓) to study trends and changes in solar forcing at the Earth's surface. Proxy relationships established for the two SS recorders used in the JMA network both yielded estimates of mean annual values of Eg↓ with RMS &1t; 6%. A first order integrated moving average model (ARIMA) adequately described the time course of SS and Eg↓, which indicated a small, irregular but significant annual increase in solar forcing during the 20th century averaging 0.08 W m-2 or 2.3 hours of Jordan SS recorder sunshine, equivalent to 0.5% per decade. The rate of increase was four times the average in the first four and last three decades of the century reaching a maximum after 1980. The negative effect of the five major volcanic eruptions on Eg↓ was shown to yield a significant linear negative forcing of -41 W m-2 per unit AOD stratospheric aerosol optical depth). The degree of negative solar forcing was related to latitude: between 25° and 44°N each degree shift to the North was associated with an annual increase in Eg↓averaging 0.02%. The time course of changes in solar radiation in Japan during the 20th century resembled that measured in air temperature; correlations between annual values of Eg↓and those in the air temperature of the Northern Hemisphere were very highly significant (P < 0.001) both for the concurrent and preceding year.

著者

水岡 不二雄

出版者

交通権学会

雑誌

交通権 (ISSN:09125744)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1994, no.12, pp.2-4, 1994 (Released:2017-04-10)

著者

安達 智子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.1, pp.27-34, 2008 (Released:2011-03-16)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

4 4

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This questionnaire study investigated career consciousness among 348 Japanese female freshman and sophomore college students. Variables included career consciousness (belief in the idea of a best-fit vocation, passivity, and giving priority to personal interests), vocational motives (self-improvement, interpersonal, status), as well as career decision-making self-efficacy (self-appraisal, gathering occupational information) and career exploration (self and environmental exploration). The results of causal analyses showed that the belief in the idea of a best-fit vocation and passivity had effects on all three vocational motives, but giving priority to personal interests had an effect only on motivation for self-improvement. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models were constructed with career exploration as dependent variables, career consciousness as fixed factors, and career decision-making self-efficacy as covariates. The results of the analyses showed that students who had high career decision-making self-efficacy engaged in both self exploration and environmental exploration activities with a higher frequency. Students with a greater passive tendency toward their career engaged in both self and environmental exploration with a lower frequency. Belief in the idea of a best-fit vocation was associated only with differences in frequency of self exploration. Giving priority to personal interests did not produce differences in career exploration activities.

著者

瀧上 凱令

出版者

学校法人 甲子園短期大学

雑誌

甲子園短期大学紀要 (ISSN:0912506X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.1-7, 2013-03-25 (Released:2020-02-22)

参考文献数

6

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Abstract The home advantage has been popular phenomenon in sport. However, very little systematic research has been carried out in Japan. The purpose of the present paper is to provide an empirical evidence of the home advantage in the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). The results revealed that home winning percentage in the NPB was 55.3%. There were no differences in degree of home advantage between the NPB and the Major League Baseball (MLB). We discussed four factors thought to be responsible for home advantage.

著者

大平 英樹

出版者

JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.132-141, 2019 (Released:2019-11-22)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

3

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Studies on psychiatric disorders in abnormal psychology have shown several cognitive and affective features of psychiatric patients such as attentional bias, deficits in working memory, deviations in the parameters of reinforcement learning such as learning rate, inverse temperature, and discounting rate. However, causal relationships between such cognitive and affective features and symptoms of the disorders are unclear. The hypothesis of this study is that the dysregulation of homeostasis and allostasis via mechanisms of the predictive coding of interoception may be a critical mediator of the link between cognitive and affective features and psychiatric disorders. In this paper, a computational model combining the predictive coding of interoception and reinforcement learning is proposed to provide suggestions for the hypothesis. Simulations using the model suggested that (1) a reduced learning rate and inverse temperature, which are observed in depressed patients, can lead to unstable decision-making and maintained higher levels of reward predictive errors and (2) can consequently result in dull physiological reactivity and chronically higher levels of autonomic responses. These results provide a perspective that can integrate cognitive and affective features, physiological states, and symptoms of psychiatric disorders.

出版者

東海国立大学機構 名古屋大学大学院法学研究科

雑誌

名古屋大学法政論集 (ISSN:04395905)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.299, pp.nujlp.299.7, 2023 (Released:2023-09-28)

著者

沖永 友輝 山本 隆彦 越地 耕二

出版者

The Japan Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics

雑誌

日本AEM学会誌 (ISSN:09194452)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.105-110, 2021 (Released:2021-05-12)

参考文献数

13

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In recent years, wireless power transmission technology has attracted a lot of attention. By using wireless power transmission, it is possible to easily supply power to tablets and smartphones without connecting to a cable. However, the impedance of spiral coils is difficult to derive from the external form and it is difficult to assume the impedance at the design stage. In this study, the impedance is derived based on the equation of electromagnetism with the addition of a geometric approach. As a result, we have derived a formula that makes the computational process more theoretical and easier than the conventional one.

著者

石川 力山

出版者

Japanese Association of Indian and Buddhist Studies

雑誌

印度學佛教學研究 (ISSN:00194344)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.597-602, 1984-03-25 (Released:2010-03-09)

著者

大村 纂

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.121, no.4, pp.626-634, 2012-08-25 (Released:2012-09-03)

参考文献数

20

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The article presents a summary of the development of geography in Switzerland since the late 19th century. After initial development placed weight on physical geography, there was a period after the Second World War until the early 1970s when human geography blossomed, mainly because of the need for regional planning. During the 1970s, geography in Switzerland searched for a new direction either as an environmental science or as a part of the Earth sciences. In a method-oriented development, satellite-based remote sensing and computer-based Geographic Information System were actively introduced. During the last thirty years, the field of physical geography has been productive, while human geography has failed to establish itself either as an environmental science or a scientific discipline with a global perspective. Notable accomplishments at universities in Berne and Zurich, as well as at the Federal Institute of Technology (E.T.H.), are summarized. Coordinated contributions that are internationally acknowledged have been made in various fields of climatology and geomorphology. Furthermore, the teaching of geography at Swiss high schools and teaching training methods at universities are outlined.

著者

Masanori IYE

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.99, no.8, pp.228-240, 2023-10-11 (Released:2023-10-11)

参考文献数

7

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A catalog of 13,591 papers published by the Japan Academy in three phases over a century in the Proceedings of the Imperial Academy (1913–1945), the Proceedings of the Japan Academy (1945–1977), and Proceedings of the Japan Academy, divided in Series A and B (1977–2022), is made available for public access. The catalog contains information about the authors, the title of the paper, published year, volume, issue, start page, end page, the field of sciences, and the academy member who introduced the paper in the monthly academy meeting. This article reports some analyses of the catalog and discusses the trends and background of the academies’ publications during the past century.

著者

竹山 佳奈 上田 正樹 岩本 裕之

出版者

日本水産工学会

雑誌

日本水産工学会 学術講演会 学術講演論文集 2005年度 日本水産工学会 学術講演会 講演論文集 (ISSN:09173943)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.83-86, 2005 (Released:2020-01-06)

参考文献数

4

著者

中野 満紘

出版者

The Institutew of Noise Control Engineering of Japan

雑誌

騒音制御 (ISSN:03868761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.128-131, 1995-06-01 (Released:2009-10-06)

著者

杉本 英晴 浦上 昌則 矢崎 裕美子 高綱 睦美

出版者

日本キャリア教育学会

雑誌

キャリア教育研究 (ISSN:18813755)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.15-26, 2023-09-30 (Released:2023-10-11)

参考文献数

34

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The purposes of this study were to confirm the reliability and validity of the Circumstance Utilization Skills Scale (CPFOST) and to clarify the temperamental basis of the circumstance utilization skills in relation to the behavioral inhibition/activation systems (BIS/BAS). Study 1 tested the reliability and validity of the CPFOST in 228 university students. As a result, the CPFOST had sufficient internal consistency and validity. In Study 2, the temperamental basis was examined in the circumstance utilization skills in relation to the BIS/BAS. Analysis of data from 145 university students revealed that BIS prevents the formation of circumstance utilization skills, while BAS may encourage the formation of circumstance utilization skills. In addition, the interaction effect of BIS and BAS was confirmed in the “interpersonal ties” skill in the circumstance utilization skills. These results suggest that that BIS/BAS are the temperamental basis for skills in circumstance utilization and suggest the need for career education and support considering such individual differences.

著者

星野 倫

出版者

イタリア学会

雑誌

イタリア学会誌 (ISSN:03872947)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, pp.49-72, 2019 (Released:2021-01-23)

参考文献数

54

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Benché la pubblicazione dei saggi di Bruno Nardi Dal «Convivio» alla «Commedia» abbia a lungo relegato il Convivio al ruolo di opera minore e intermedia utile all’interpretazione del Poema, oggi gli studiosi tornano a guardare quest’opera con rinnovata attenzione e ad interrogarsi sul progetto che l’ha portata alla luce. In questa direzione si muove anche la presente indagine, volta ad individuare fonti e modelli dell’opera, da Brunetto Latini a Cicerone.Dante, nel noto capitolo (Conv. II, xii) in cui espone la propria formazione culturale fiorentina dopo la morte di Beatrice, indica due testi: il De consolatione Philosophiae di Boezio e il De amicitia di Cicerone: mentre sul primo, racconto autobiografico in forma di prosimetro, non vi sono dubbi, risulta più difficile inquadrare il peso del dialogo ciceroniano nell’elaborazione del Convivio. Per quest’opera, infatti, è stato piuttosto indicato come modello il Tresor di ser Brunetto, che di Cicerone fu volgarizzatore e commentatore a Firenze.Brunetto, nella Commedia, affida a Dante il proprio lavoro con le parole «Sieti raccomandato il mio Tesoro» (Inf. XV, 119): segno dell’esplicito riconoscimento dell’opera enciclopedica del maestro come uno dei testi di riferimento da parte dell’allievo. Per quanto siano almeno sette i casi in cui il Convivio mostra riferimenti alla Rettorica, traduzione parziale del De inventione ciceroniano con ampio commento, e ben venticinque al Tresor, ciò non consente di definire il Tresor quale modello del Convivio. La leggerezza e la gioia che traspaiono dalla narrazione del Tresor (l’autore paragona le virtù cardinali con gioielli in Tres. II, i, 3), non si riflettono nella gravità e scientificità ricercata dal testo di Dante, e la lingua del Tresor, il francese, è lontana da quella dell’allievo.Simone Marchesi (2001) ha individuato nel primo trattato del Convivio (Conv. I, xii, 10) la citazione di un passo del Tresor (Tres. II, xci, 2, che è in realtà una libera traduzione del ciceroniano De Officiis II, xi, 40) senza evidenziarne l’eco brunettiano, citato tuttavia esplicitamente dal poeta nel quarto trattato. La ricezione dantesca di Cicerone appare aver acquisito progressivamente peso anche nel processo di composizione del Convivio, il che induce a considerare l’opportunità di indagare l’opera ciceroniana come fonte e modello dell’opera.Nel Convivio Cicerone è esplicitamente citato ventuno volte. Dante dichiara di aver letto a Firenze il De amicitia, citandolo nel primo trattato quasi letteralmente; il De senectute, che affiancava il De amicitia nella didattica medievale, è citato una volta nel secondo trattato e sette nel quarto; del De Officiis invece, come già osservato, non si rilevano tracce nei primi tre trattati, ma nel quarto ne compaiono sette citazioni.Il testo che si intende sottoporre all’attenzione qui è il De finibus bonorum et malorum, opera citata da Dante prima di tutti gli altri testi ciceroniani. Al De finibus, opera filosofica corposa e distante da opuscoli didattici quali il De amicitia o il De senectute, il poeta si ispira in Conv. I, xi, 14, allo scopo di giustificare la scelta linguistica del volgare, richiamandosi al passo ciceroniano (Fin. I, [ii], 4) che difende la legittimità dell’uso del latino per la disquisizione filosofica. Esaminando la diffusione dei manoscritti ciceroniani nell’Italia medievale, L. D. Reynolds (1992) ha messo in luce come il De finibus fosse giunto a Padova a fine Duecento e da lì avesse preso a circolare nel Nord della penisola. L’esiliato Alighieri viene in contatto con quest’opera, ne legge l’inizio del primo volume e lo cita nel primo trattato del Convivio, illustrando estesamente (dal cap. v al xiii) la scelta del volgare per il commento delle sue canzoni filosofiche. Potrebbe dunque essere proprio il(View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)

著者

Chihiro Kodama Akira Kuwano-Yoshida Shingo Watanabe Takeshi Doi Hiroki Kashimura Tomoe Nasuno

出版者

Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

雑誌

JAMSTEC Report of Research and Development (ISSN:18801153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.5-34, 2019-04-01 (Released:2019-04-03)

参考文献数

133

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The JAMSTEC Model Intercomparison Project (JMIP) provides a first opportunity to systematically compare multiple global models developed and/or used in JAMSTEC with the aim of moving toward better weather and climate predictions. Here, we evaluate climate simulations obtained from atmospheric models (AFES and MIROC5), atmospheric model with slab ocean (NICAM.12), and fully coupled model (SINTEX-F1 and SINTEX-F2). In these simulations, the sea surface temperature is fixed (for AFES and MIROC5) or nudged (NICAM.12, SINTEX-F1, and SINTEX-F2) to the observed historical one. We focus on the climatology and variability of precipitation and its associated phenomena, including the basic state, the energy budget of the atmosphere, extratropical cyclones, teleconnection, and the Asian monsoon. We further discuss the possible causes of similarities and differences among the five JMIP models. Though some or most of the dynamical and physical packages in the JMIP models have been developed independently, common model biases are found among them. The AFES and MIROC5, and the SINTEX-F1 and SINTEX-F2, show strong similarities. In many respects, NICAM.12 shows unique characteristics, such as the distributions of precipitation, shortwave radiation, and explosive extratropical cyclones and the onset of the Asian summer monsoon. To some extent, the similarities and differences among the JMIP models overlap with those among the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase-5 (CMIP5) models, suggesting that JMIP can be used as a simple and in-depth version of CMIP to investigate the mechanisms of model bias. We suggest that this JMIP framework could be expanded to an intercomparison of weekly-to-seasonal scale weather forecasting; here, more fruitful discussion is expected through intensive collaboration among modeling and observation groups.

著者

鈴木 智之

出版者

法政大学社会学部学会

雑誌

社会志林 = 社会志林 (ISSN:13445952)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.41-70, 2016-07

著者

多湖 淳 三船 恒裕 稲増 一憲 大坪 庸介 日道 俊之 小浜 祥子

出版者

早稲田大学

雑誌

挑戦的研究(開拓)

巻号頁・発行日

2017-06-30

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本研究プロジェクトは「集団間の謝罪と赦し」をテーマとして、心理学・政治学の若手研究者が協働し、今までにない分野横断融合研究を実施する。アメリカ政治、国際政治、政治心理学、社会心理学、進化心理学といった多分野の若手研究者が結集し、世界をリードする社会科学研究を推進する。具体的には、心理学のメタ理論を、政治学における集団のアイデンティティや歴史的文脈に関する知見と融合して集団間謝罪の理論として発展させ、文脈や集団の特性を鍵とするような実験シナリオ・刺激を構築し、実験室実験やサーベイ実験により実証する。これにより、集団の抱える歴史的文脈がいかに一般的な心理学的予測を阻害するのかを総合的に解き明かす。

著者

戸次 加奈江 山口 一郎

出版者

国立保健医療科学院

雑誌

保健医療科学 (ISSN:13476459)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.3, pp.186-190, 2023-08-31 (Released:2023-09-21)

参考文献数

10

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利便性の高い豊かな生活へとライフスタイルが変化し続ける中,生活用品や住環境において,未規制の化合物の利用が増加していることや,原子力発電所の事故による放射性物質の環境への放出,5Gシステムの普及など電波による健康リスク,細菌やウイルスによる食中毒事故の発生など,我々は多くのハザードと隣り合わせにありながら日々生活している状況にある.また近年,有害性の高い既知物質の使用が禁止または規制を受ける一方で,大気汚染や異常気象に絡んだ自然災害,新型コロナウイルス感染症など,これまで想定されていなかった多様なリスクが身の回りに存在している.このようなリスク因子の主な疾病への寄与は,世界保健機関によりDALY(障害調整生存年数)を指標に示されており,さらに疾病予防の指標となる環境リスクが提示されているが,これらに対し,我が国ではレギュラトリーサイエンスの理念のもと,環境調査による科学的知見に基づくリスク評価や,人を対象とした環境疫学調査,さらに規制・施策の実施による安全管理の取組がより一層必要とされているところである.さらに,世の中の環境リスクは,産業や工業活動などの人為由来のものから,地震や火山の噴火などの自然災害,さらには,越境汚染や海洋汚染などによる国境をまたいだ問題に至るまで,時代と共に,複雑かつ不確実性を持ち合わせた対応困難な問題も次々と浮上している.そのため,日本は,これまでの自然災害への対応などの経験と共に,先進国として国際的な共通認識の中で,環境リスク低減に向けた対策に貢献していく必要があり,将来的な課題解決に対応していく上では,化学,物理学,生物学,医学など自然科学だけでなく社会科学も含めた分野横断的な研究の推進と,産学官の専門家による連携がますます必要になるであろう.

著者

Hiroshi Yokomichi Mie Mochizuki Reiji Kojima Sayaka Horiuchi Tadao Ooka Yuka Akiyama Kunio Miyake Megumi Kushima Sanae Otawa Ryoji Shinohara Zentaro Yamagata

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.1, pp.9-21, 2022 (Released:2022-01-28)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1 4

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In this study, we aimed to determine the association of neonatal/post-neonatal hypothyroidism with mother’s iodine exposure, especially povidone iodine disinfection, and hysterosalpingography. Participants were mother–child pairs in a Japanese birth cohort (n = 100,286). Risk factors of hypothyroidism were supplement intake, seaweed intake, other daily iodine intake, povidone iodine disinfection at delivery, and maternal history of hysterosalpingography, thyroid disease (Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis), and medication (thiamazole and levothyroxine). Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) at age 1 year was assessed using a questionnaire. Transient hypothyroidism was defined as elevated thyroid stimulating hormone level at birth and absence of CH at age 1 year. The incidence of CH at age 1 year per 100 children was 1.1 for those born at 22–30 weeks’ gestation, 0.17 following povidone iodine disinfection, and 0.07, 0.95, 0.81, 1.17, and 1.15 with a maternal history of hysterosalpingography, Graves’ disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, thiamazole use, and levothyroxine use, respectively. Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of CH at age 1 year for povidone iodine disinfection, hysterosalpingography history, maternal Graves’ disease, and maternal Hashimoto’s thyroiditis were 1.13 (0.71–1.79), 0.47 (0.07–3.36), 7.06 (3.70–13.5), and 5.93 (2.90–12.1), respectively. For transient hypothyroidism for povidone iodine disinfection and hysterosalpingography history, these values were 1.99 (1.51–2.62) and 0.63 (0.20–1.96), respectively. Maternal thyroid disease greatly increased neonatal/post-neonatal hypothyroidism risk. Povidone iodine disinfection may increase transient hypothyroidism risk but not the risk at 1 year of age. Hysterosalpingography does not increase hypothyroidism risk from birth to age 1 year.

著者

津田 良夫 金 京純

出版者

日本衛生動物学会

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.3, pp.113-118, 2023-09-25 (Released:2023-10-18)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1

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Mosquito collections using dry-ice traps were conducted at Izumo, Shimane, Japan, from May to October 2008. Trap sites with different surrounding environments (reservoir, riverside vegetation, a shrine in rice fields) and a breeding colony of heron were selected. A total of 4,890 mosquitoes of 16 species in 6 genera were collected by dry-ice traps. Among them Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. pipiens pallens, Aedes albopictus, and Cx. bitaeniorhynchus were the dominant species. The species composition of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was the highest in riverside vegetation, and Cx. pipiens pallens showed a high species composition at the shrine surrounded by rice fields. The species diversity was compared using the Shannon–Weaner Index. The species diversity was the highest at the breeding colony of heron and lowest in riverside vegetation. A total of 312 females were collected by a sweep net at the breeding colony of heron and 21.5% of them had fed on a blood meal. The proportion of fed females was the highest in Cx. pipiens pallens (80.8%) and next was Uranotaenia novobscura (61.5%) and then Cx. bitaeniorhynchus (30.0%). The breeding colony of heron was found to be an excellent entomological study site to investigate ecological interactions between vector mosquitoes and wild birds.