著者

菱本 明豊

出版者

横浜市立大学医学会

雑誌

横浜医学 = YOKOHAMA MEDICAL JOURNAL (ISSN:03727726)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.2, pp.83-87, 2021-04-30

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本邦における10~54歳の死因上位を自殺が占める.今般のCOVID19パンデミックの影響による経済状況の悪化・社会的孤立・心理的ストレス等が引き金となり,自殺率のさらなる悪化が強く懸念される.個人が自殺に至る背景は失業・貧困・病苦・いじめなど様々であるが,家族・双生児・養子研究から自殺には生来の遺伝負因が存在するといわれてきた.我々は遺族の深いご理解の下,世界最大規模 1 ,250例超の自殺者血液試料を保有し,精力的に自殺の遺伝学的研究に取り組んできた.最近,日本人自殺者746名(vs対照者としてバイオバンクジャパン14,049名)のゲノムワイド関連解析(GWAS)を行い,これまで疫学レベルでしか示されてこなかった「自殺の遺伝負因」のエビデンスをGCTA解析やポリジェニックリスクスコア(PRS)解析等により世界で初めて実験科学的に証明した.同研究で日本人自殺について,遺伝負因が強い統合失調症や双極性障害に匹敵する約40%という一塩基多型由来遺伝率を検出した.さらにGWASデータから算出できる個人ごとの自殺PRSが,個人の自殺リスクを予測できる可能性を見出した.今後,自殺GWASのサンプルサイズが向上していくことで,強いストレス下の自殺リスクに寄与する遺伝子領域の同定や,PRS算出による確度の高い自殺リスク判定が可能となることが強く示唆される.

著者

千葉 広子

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00480444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.310-335, 1961-02-15 (Released:2010-10-14)

参考文献数

68

著者

島田 義則 内田 成明 山中 千代衛 河崎 善一郎 山中 龍彦 藤原 閲夫 石窪 雄二 川端 欣哉 長坂 幸二 滝沢 靖史 林 昶煥 井澤 靖和 丸山 和伸 野黒 隆 藤井 淳 仁木 秀明 北嶋 巌 大知 渉之 山口 直洋 藤川 知栄美 原 民夫 鈴木 将之 山神 晋 酒屋 典之 大道 博行 H. Fiedorowicz A. Bartnikc 中山 斌義 八木 隆志 広瀬 秀男 草間 秀晃 大前 吾一 林 茂樹 本田 一匡 小島 勇夫 村井 健介 遠山 祐典 加藤 義章 S. Sebban A. Klisnik P. Zeitaun H. Tang Y. Gu G. Huang S. Wang Huajing TANG Takahisa JITSUNO 真家 大樹 永田 豊 小原 實 緑川 克美 岡坂 和遵 尾方 明日香 河内 哲哉 安藤 剛三 島村 暁 中本 智士 吉田 弘樹 阪上 幸男 廣瀬 厚三 山下 泰弘 福田 剛士 下田 大介 小松 義治 中野 人志 服部 哲治 小鹿 沙織 桑原 研爾 高橋 栄一 松本 裕治 加藤 進 大和田野 芳郎 奥田 功 津田 紀生 山田 諄 武田 和也 河島 信樹 橋本 和久 杉本 隆爾 山田 純子 早坂 高雅 中野 葉子

出版者

The Laser Society of Japan

雑誌

レーザー研究 (ISSN:03870200)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.Supplement, pp.55-56,59, 1999 (Released:2010-08-25)

著者

金田 鈴江 矢加部 茂 竹尾 貞徳 前川 宗一郎 吉田 康洋 池尻 公二

出版者

一般社団法人 国立医療学会

雑誌

医療 (ISSN:00211699)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.4, pp.329-333, 1986-04-20 (Released:2011-10-19)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

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先天性疾患のほとんどが染色体と関係をもつて発生することが最近の研究から明らかにされつつあり, 重症心身障害児に関しても, これまで原因不明とされていたもののなかに遺伝的発生要因をもつものがあることが明らかにされてきている.当院では重症心身障害児病棟に入院中の患児について染色体学的研究を行つているが, 本稿では15番染色体の部分トリソミーをもつ12才男子の症例を報告する.患児は精神発達遅滞, 言語発達遅滞, 行動異常, 難聴, 耳介下方付着, 後頭部扁平などの臨床所見を示し, 染色体検査でY染色体の短腕の過長(Yp+)が見い出された. 父親の染色体分析により, 父親の均衡型挿入転座が遺伝したことによる15番染色体の長腕の部分トリソミー(46, XY, der(Y) ins(Y;15) (P11;q11q13) pat)であることが明らかにされた. これまでに報告された15番染色体部分トリソミーについての文献と比較し, 考察した.

著者

佐久間 菜月 二瓶 美里 鎌田 実

出版者

ライフサポート学会

雑誌

ライフサポート (ISSN:13419455)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.4, pp.120-127, 2017-12-31 (Released:2019-03-29)

参考文献数

20

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The prevention of injuries during parasports is important for safety and to enjoy sports. However, in wheelchair rugby, there are few systematic studies on trauma precautions because of the differences in the physical function level of parasports athletes and the small number of players overall. We have proposed defensive motions to minimize injuries to the front and sides by analyzing videos of falls, a simulation using a multi-body model, and evaluating the injury to the head and upper limbs. By classifying the range of motion and muscular strength into three categories, the difference in disabilities was expressed using a multi-body model. The index, ULIC, was proposed to evaluate injuries to the upper limbs. It is calculated from the maximum moment value of the bones, using a simplified cylindrical model. The head injury criteria (HIC) and ULIC made it possible to evaluate the extent of injury by classification into one of four categories, depending on the presence or absence of injuries in the above regions. Furthermore, defensive actions not resulting in serious injuries and matching the difference between the degree of disability and fall, by predicting the potential injury to the head and upper limbs using the indexes, were proposed.

著者

久野 邦義

出版者

一般社団法人 日本農村医学会

雑誌

日本農村医学会雑誌 (ISSN:04682513)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.6, pp.548-552, 2007

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&nbsp;&nbsp;Anjo Kosei Hospital was instituted in March 1935. In those days many people in rural areas of our country were suffering from poverty and illness. Of the numerous agricultural cooperative hospitals and clinics that were established across the nation in the 1930s with the spirit of cooperation, many were inaugurated with a heroic resolve. However, the Kosei Hospital in Anjo founded by the Maruheki Association was fraught with optimism and great promise. The reason for this was that the county of Hekikai-gun was, at the time, called the &ldquo;Denmark of Japan&rdquo; and boasted the largest business expenses among all the counties in the nation. In order to return the surplus to group members, a plan to build a hospital was drafted with the advice of Nobukichi Yamazaki, the first principal of Anjo Norin (Agricultural and Forestry) Senior High School. He used to say, &ldquo;The greatest threats to a farmer's livelihood are accidents and sicknesses. There can be no happiness without good health. We should build an agricultural cooperative hospital to provide its members with modern health care.&rdquo;<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;Initially, the hospital had 34 beds, eight medical departments, and 40 staff members, including seven physicians. Control over the hospital was transferred to Aichi Koseiren (the Aichi Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives for Health and Welfare) in 1948, after having tided over a shortage of labor prior to World War II and during the chaotic postwar period. The hospital began togrow rapidly, measuring up to the expectations and trust placed by local residents. Through enrichment of functions and expansion of the wards, the institution went on to become what could be called a citizens' hospital of Anjo and in fact, the largest hospital in the Nishi-Mikawa area. With the passage of time, the hospital got cramped for space and the buildings decrepit, adversely affecting not only the care environment but also disaster prevention measures. To maintain medical standards, hospital relocation was a must. In May 2002, the hospital moved to the present site, thanks in part to the support of the City of Anjo.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;After relocation, the hospital decided to give priority to treatment of acute diseases. Now, the number of hospital employees has been increased to 1,205, including 128 physicians and 676 nurses. In addition, there are 40 interns. Designated as an emergency medical care center, the hospital is the nucleus medical institution in the southern part of the Nishi-Mikawa area.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;However, due to the excessive concentration of patients in this hospital, it has come to pass that all the 692 beds are almost always occupied. This has inevitably made it difficult for the hospital to accept emergency patients. Measures to combat the situation, such as bed control, shortening the length of hospital stay and referring patients to other facilities have reached their limit. Therefore, further effort must be put into the division of hospital functions in the community. The required number of personnel such as physicians and nurses currently reaches the full quota, though only barely. Nonetheless, it would become more difficult even to maintain the present level.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;The 71-year history of Anjo Kosei Hospital reminds us of our predecessors' will and wishes to work hand in hand with the community to promote the health andwell-being of the people. We would like to continue to be a hospital that appeals not only to local residents but also to physicians and nurses by upholding the following basic principles:<br>1. To contribute to the health and happiness of local residents through health care.<br>2. To place patient care at the center of all the activities of the hospital.<br>3. To create a work environment which the staff can be proud of and feel happy with.

著者

松永 一博 中井 義明 桝谷 治彦 森口 誠 杉田 雅彦

出版者

Japan Society for Equilibrium Research

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.Suppl-8, pp.52-55, 1992 (Released:2009-06-05)

参考文献数

4

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Guinea pigs with experimental endolymphatic hydrops were treated with glycerol, bifemelane hydrochloride or diphenidol hydrochloride and observed for morphological changes in the affected inner ear.1. Treatment with any of the three drugs im-proved inner ear circulation.2. The degree of reduction of endolymphatic hydrops tended to be associated with that of strial atrophy.These results suggest that reduction of endo-lymphatic hydrops depends on strial function.

著者

深田 淳太郎 Juntaro Fukada

出版者

国立民族学博物館

雑誌

国立民族学博物館研究報告 (ISSN:0385180X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.377-420, 2014

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パプアニューギニア,ラバウルに住むトーライ人はタブと呼ばれる貝殻貨幣を,婚資や賠償の支払い,儀礼での展示等のいわゆる慣習的な威信財としてのみならず,商品売買や税金・授業料の支払いなどの交換媒体としてまで広い目的で使用してきた。このタブの原料となるムシロガイの貝殻はラバウルの近辺では採れず,遠方から輸入されてくるものである。その輸入元はヨーロッパ人との接触があった19 世紀以降,何度かの変遷を経て,現在では隣国であるソロモン諸島の西部地域になっている。本稿ではまず,このラバウルへのムシロガイの輸入が現在までどのように行なわれ,またいかにそのかたちを変えてきたのかについての歴史的経緯を19 世紀末から1970 年代まで文献資料をもとに整理する。その上で1980 年代からのソロモン諸島からの輸入がはじまった経緯および,現在の輸入の具体的な状況について,2009–2011 年に実施した現地調査で収集した資料をもとに明らかにする。

著者

井本 英一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.41-57, 1980 (Released:2010-03-12)

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The Ka'ba of Mecca and that of Naqš-e Rostam have several common features. Both have the dark rooms. The floors of them are on the protruded blocks of rock above the ground. The protrusions are the navels of the earth, i. e. the omphaloi.The Iranian House of Origin and the Arabian First House were the centers of the universe from which creatures were produced.There were a lot of monuments of the same principle as that of the Ka'ba in the Far East. They were also used as places of the rites de passage while people entered dark rooms of high floors and came out to get reanimated. The Emperor of Japan used to make the everyday toilet ceremony on the omphalos in his own palace.

著者

藤野 博行 フジノ ヒロユキ Hiroyuki Fujino

雑誌

九州国際大学法学論集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1/2, pp.133-152, 2011-12

著者

安川 正彬

出版者

一般社団法人 日本統計学会

雑誌

日本統計学会誌 (ISSN:03895602)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.68-73, 1980 (Released:2009-01-22)

著者

平池 修

出版者

日本産科婦人科学会

雑誌

日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 (ISSN:03009165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.10, pp.2167-2179, 2012-10-01

参考文献数

22

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Estrogens are used for the reduction of postmenopausal symptoms and for the preservation of bone mineral density, but recent epidemiological studies suggest that combined estrogen and progestogen hormone replacement therapy (HRT) possesses several detrimental effects. Some large cohort studies indicate that the frequency of breast cancer and ovarian cancer may increase by HRT. However, contrary to the carcinogenic properties of HRT, it appears to reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer. The use of HRT should be optimized according to the background and characteristics of its user, and tissue specific activities of estrogen. Most of the known actions of estrogen are mediated by estrogen receptor α(ERα) and ERβ, both of which bind 17β-Estradiol (E_2) and modulate transcription of E_2-responsive genes, and functional analysis of ER is crucial for the appropriate use of HRT. ERβ plays a multifaceted role in proliferation and differentiation of various cell types, and ERβ generally opposes the proliferative functions of ERα. Therefore, we believe that it is extremely important to investigate the physiological functions of ER and its co factors including BRCA1, a breast and ovarian caner suppressor known to suppress E_2-dependent transcriptional activation function of ERα. Recently, silent information regulator genes (Sirtuins) have been identified as targets of resveratrol. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) , originally found as an NAD^+-dependent histone deacetylase, is a principal modulator of pathways downstream of calorie restriction, and the activation of SIRT1 ameliorates glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. BRCA1 has been shown to serve as a positive regulator of SIRT1 expression by binding to the promoter region of SIRT1. 1) To better understand the physiological roles of ERα and ERβ, the colon, the uterus, and the bladder of ERβ^<-/->7 mice were examined with respect to markers of proliferation and differentiation. Our results indicate that ERβ^<-/-> cells of the colonic, uterine, and bladder epithelia show increased proliferation and decreased differentiation, due to the loss of ERβ. 2) We have demonstrated that ERβ and DBC1 interact in living cells. We also have shown the direct interaction between amino-terminus of DBC1 and activation function-1/2 domain of ERβ by in vitro pull down assays. Although DBC1 shows no influence on the E_2-dependent transcriptional activation function of ERα, the expression of DBC1 negatively regulates the E_2-dependent transcriptional activation function of ERβ. SIRT1 also negatively regulates the E_2-dependent transcriptional activation function of ERβ similar to DBC1. 3) Tissue specific ER function was investigated by concomitant use of conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) and raloxifene (RAL) for patients with decreased bone mineral density. The subjects exhibited increased bone mineral density by the treatment of CEE plus RAL, and no detrimental side effects were observed by the treatment of CEE plus RAL. 4) Resveratrol is a naturally derived polyphenol known to possess phytoestrogenic properties. Resveratrol is known for its beneficial effects on energy homeostasis, and it also has multiple properties, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities. Here we found that SIRT1 was localized in granulosa cells of the human ovary. The rat granulosa cells were treated with increasing doses of resveratrol, and resveratrol increased protein levels of SIRT1, LH receptor, StAR, and P450 aromatase. In addition, progesterone secretion was induced by the treatment of resveratrol. These results thus provide important implications to understand the mechanism of luteal defect. 5) The expression of SIRT1 was confirmed in uterine endometrium. We found that the expression of cell-adhesion molecule E-cadherin is dependent on SIRT1, thus we suggest the possibility that SIRT1 may function as a transcriptional factor in human endometrium. The pathophysiological function of SIRT1 in reproductive organs might open a new insight in gynecology, and these results further reinforce the principal role of estrogen in regulating tissue homeostasis and the importance of functional analysis of ER.

著者

木村 亮介

出版者

琉球大学

雑誌

新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)

巻号頁・発行日

2019-04-01

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本研究では、琉球列島におけるヒトの移動史を解明するために、大規模な現代人ゲノムデータの集団遺伝学解析を行うとともに、宮古島における無土器時代およびグスク時代の古人骨ゲノム解析を行う。また、琉球列島集団と日本本土を含む周辺集団との関係だけでなく、琉球列島内の各集団の関係についても詳細に明らかにする。さらに、頭蓋顔面形態における集団間の違いを明らかにする。琉球列島集団と本土日本集団の間における頭蓋顔面形態の違いを明らかにするだけでなく、琉球列島内の集団間における差異についても、特に宮古島集団に焦点を当てて詳細に解明する。

著者

柿木 章伸

出版者

一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.4, pp.274-279, 2013-08-31 (Released:2013-10-01)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

3 1

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A histopathological feature of Meniere's disease is endolymphatic hydrops. Furthermore, a human temporal bone study has revealed that the endolymphatic sac showed fibrosis and/or hypoplasia in a patient with Meniere's disease. Based on this histological finding, malfunction of the endolymphatic sac may cause endolymphatic hydrops. However, it is impossible to explain the fluctuation of Meniere's symptoms with this retention hydrops, so the mechanisms underlying the endolymphatic hydrops of Meniere's diseases is still unclear. Clinically, it is well known that stress aggravates the condition of Meniere's disease. It seems to be that there are some relationships between stress and endolymphatic hydrops. Endolymphatic hydrops could be taken as malfunction of water homeostasis in the inner ear. If this is the case, one of stress hormones, vasopressin, could regulate water homeostasis in the inner ear. Actually, plasma vasopressin levels have been reported as elevated in patients with endolymphatic hydrops including Meniere's disease. Experimentally, vasopressin type 2 receptor was expressed in the basal cell of the stria vascularis. Moreover, the water channel of aquaporin (AQP) 2, the relocalization of which is regulated by vasopressin, was also expressed in the stria vascularis. Further, other AQPs were also expressed in the stria vascularis. To investigate the effect of vasopressin on the inner ear, vasopressin was administered to rats or guinea pigs. Vasopressin induced enlargement of the intrastrial space and endolymphatic hydrops. These results indicate that vasopressin affects the stria vascularis and endolymphatic hydrops was induced as a consequence. The following is a summary. Basically, patients with Meniere's disease have malfunction of the endolymphatic sac with retention hydrops. If the patients are under stress, the secretion of vasopressin would increase. The increase of vasopressin level causes the enlargement of the endolymphatic hydrops. These conditions may induce the symptom of Meniere's disease. Based on these clinical and experimental results, we produced a new animal model for Meniere's disease with vestibular disorder.

著者

宮本 圭造 伊海 孝充 高橋 悠介 石井 倫子 山中 玲子

出版者

法政大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2015-04-01

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能楽を伝える最古の家系である金春家の伝来文書は、その過半が明治維新後に流出し、主要な部分は現在法政大学能楽研究所に般若窟文庫として所蔵されている。一方、金春家にも今なお多くの文書が残されているが、これについては従来、十分な調査が行われてこなかった。本研究は、その金春家蔵の古文書の悉皆調査を行ったもので、四年間にわたる調査の結果、金春家には16世紀から20世紀にいたる1664点の文書が現存することを明らかにするとともに、大和地方の神事能や17世紀の江戸の勧進能の記録、明治期の金春家の動向を伝える貴重な資料を発見するなど、多くの成果を得た。

著者

右田 俊彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本化学会

雑誌

化学と教育 (ISSN:03862151)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.4, pp.214-217, 1998-04-20 (Released:2017-07-11)

参考文献数

3

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炭化水素はさまざまな条件下で空気中の酸素と反応し酸化生成物を与える。ラジカル発生剤存在下ではラジカル連鎖反応によって非芳香環の部分がヒドロペルオキシ化される。増感剤存在, 光照射下では芳香族および不飽和炭化水素は分子反応を通して環状過酸化物やヒドロペルオキシドなどを与える。また, ある種の遷移金属化合物を触媒とする芳香族炭化水素の空気酸化によって, マレイン酸やフタル酸の無水物など工業化学的に重要な中間体を得ることができる。

著者

岩瀬 拓 船橋 茂久 杉村 和之 米山 裕康 尾原 秀司

出版者

一般社団法人日本機械学会

雑誌

年次大会講演論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2006, pp.437-438, 2006

被引用文献数

1

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A centrifugal fan for an inner unit of an air-conditioner was designed using a system based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and numerical optimization. Commercial CFD software (STAR-CD) with an in-house automatic grid generator was used. A simulated annealing algorithm for numerical optimization was also used to minimize the noise level and to maximize fan efficiency. The predicted noise level was calculated from the relative velocities obtained by CFD. Calculations show that the optimized fan produced low noise and was more efficient than a conventional fan, demonstrating that the system can be used to design silent and highly efficient fan. A further finding was that there was a correlation between specific noise level and fan efficiency. This correlation shows that it is important for designing the fan to uniform distribution of relative velocity.

著者

三輪 晴啓

出版者

駒沢女子大学

雑誌

駒沢女子大学研究紀要 (ISSN:13408631)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.227-234, 2002-12-24

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Schroder's government will continue to rule Germany for another four years as a result of a narrow victory in the general elections held in September 2001. A coalotion of the two ruling parties, the Social Democrats and the Greens, were elected over their conservative opponents. It appears that twelve years after Reunification, the German People prefer a government with middle-lefts at the helm. In the second term, Schroder, however, will face serious chalenges, both domestic and international and ranging from political to economic and social problems-- many of which still remain after more than a decade of Reunification. Among his first acts will be to take effective measures against a stagnant economy; perhaps the most important crisis facing him will be to repair the damage caused to U. S. - Germany relations by Schroder's recent speech denouncing U. S. policy vis-a-vie Iraq.

著者

伊藤 忠信

出版者

The Japan Society for Oriental Medicine

雑誌

日本東洋医学雑誌 (ISSN:02874857)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.3, pp.307-315, 1994-01-20 (Released:2010-03-12)

参考文献数

16

著者

Lee Nari 田村 善之

出版者

北海道大学大学院法学研究科21世紀COEプログラム「新世代知的財産法政策学の国際拠点形成」事務局

雑誌

知的財産法政策学研究 (ISSN:18802982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.137-165, 2007-06