著者

友田 明美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.136, no.5, pp.711-714, 2016 (Released:2016-05-01)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

9 9

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Childhood maltreatment, which markedly increases risks for psychopathology, is associated with structural and functional brain differences. Especially, exposure to parental verbal abuse (PVA) or interparental violence during childhood is associated with negative outcomes such as depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and reduced cognitive abilities. Other forms of childhood maltreatment have been associated with brain structure or developmental alteration. Our earlier studies elucidated potential discernible effects of PVA and witnessing domestic violence during childhood on brain morphology, including gray matter volume or cortical thickness. Brain regions that process and convey the adverse sensory input of the abuse might be modified specifically by such experiences, particularly in subjects exposed to a single type of maltreatment. Exposure to multiple types of maltreatment is more commonly associated with morphological alterations in the corticolimbic regions. These findings fit with preclinical studies showing that sensory cortices are highly plastic structures. Using tasks with high and low monetary rewards while subjects underwent functional MRI, we also examined whether neural activity during reward processing was altered, or not, in children and adolescents with reactive attachment disorder (RAD). Significantly reduced activity in the caudate and nucleus accumbens was observed during a high monetary reward condition in the RAD group compared to the typically developed group. The striatal neural reward activity in the RAD group was also markedly decreased. The present results suggest that dopaminergic dysfunction occurred in the striatum in children and adolescents with RAD, potentially leading to a future risk of psychiatric disorders such as dependence.

著者

吉岡 祐亮 落谷 孝広

出版者

日本DDS学会

雑誌

Drug Delivery System (ISSN:09135006)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.35-46, 2020-01-25 (Released:2020-04-25)

参考文献数

65

被引用文献数

2 1

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現在、核酸医薬品や抗体医薬品などの分子標的医薬品の開発が盛んに行われており、その治療効果が期待されている。実際、マウスを用いた治療効果の測定では一定の評価が得られているが、それら評価は腫瘍局所に投与したりして評価している場合もあり、局所投与に限定されるのが現状である。しかし、ヒトの治療を想定したときに、局所投与可能な場合はほとんどなく、開発した医薬品を患部局所に効率的に送達するデリバリーシステムの開発が必要である。エクソソームは細胞が分泌するナノスケールの小胞であり、生体における天然の分子デリバリーシステムを担っている。このエクソソームの特徴に注目した新たなデリバリーシステムの開発が世界中で行われており、治療応用を示した実例も報告されている。しかし、技術的な問題点なども多く残っており、実用化に向けた研究段階である。本稿では、エクソソームを用いたドラッグデリバリーシステムの可能性、その利点や問題点などを述べる。

著者

塩野﨑 和美 山田 文雄 柴田 昌三

出版者

森林野生動物研究会

雑誌

森林野生動物研究会誌 (ISSN:09168265)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, pp.1-11, 2018-03-30 (Released:2021-04-01)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

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野外にいるイエネコによる在来希少種の被害が深刻化している奄美大島では,イエネコ管理のために適正な飼養を求める条例が2011年に全5市町村で施行された.ネコ飼育者と非飼育者のネコ問題に対する意識の違いを把握することは,条例の効果的な運用上重要であるため,奄美市に住む無作為に選ばれた20歳以上の男女1,000人と動物病院を訪れるネコ飼育者を対象としたアンケートによる意識調査を2013~14年に行った.全有効回答者378人中,飼育者の割合は14.6%(55人)であった.条例の認知率は飼育者,非飼育者とも約70%と高く,義務化された飼いネコへの首輪等の装着を守る飼育者の割合も約75%と高い結果を示した.しかし,ネコ問題の存在,飼い猫条例の必要性,ネコの適正飼養の必要性に対する意識は飼育者のほうが非飼育者よりも明らかに低かった.このことから,奄美市の飼い猫条例の効果を高めるには普及啓発による飼育者の理解促進と意識改革が最も重要と考えられる.

著者

長内 厚

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 組織学会

雑誌

組織科学 (ISSN:02869713)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.3, pp.4-20, 2016-03-20 (Released:2016-08-29)

参考文献数

43

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本稿は,生命・健康にかかわる積極的医療技術における患者の感性や情緒を考慮した技術開発に関する探索的研究である.仮により技術的に優れた選択があったとしても,結果的に治療成績や治療後の予後の向上に結びつくのではないか,という問題意識に基づいて,高齢者の重度大動脈弁狭窄症の事例をもとに,外科的な術式開発における意味的価値創造の可能性を議論する.

著者

宇佐美 典也

出版者

一般社団法人 日本原子力学会

雑誌

日本原子力学会誌ATOMOΣ (ISSN:18822606)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.6, pp.436-437, 2019 (Released:2020-04-02)

著者

村上 敏史 五十嵐 麻美 宮野 加奈子 上園 保仁 八岡 和歌子 上野 尚雄 鈴木 恵里 石井 妙子 松田 裕美

出版者

日本緩和医療学会

雑誌

Palliative Care Research (ISSN:18805302)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.3, pp.159-167, 2019 (Released:2019-07-16)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

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【目的】終末期がん患者の口腔不快事象に対する半夏瀉心湯の含嗽の有効性を検討した.半夏瀉心湯に蜂蜜を混和することで症状緩和の有効性およびコンプライアンスが向上するか検討した.【方法】対象症例を無作為に振り分けたうえで,半夏瀉心湯または蜂蜜併用半夏瀉心湯含嗽を2週間施行した.開始前後で口腔乾燥,口臭,口内炎,口腔内不快感,含嗽のコンプライアンスについて評価を行った.【結果】対象症例は22例であった.半夏瀉心湯含嗽による口腔内乾燥度の改善,呼気中硫化水素の減少が認められたが,含嗽による臨床効果や含嗽のコンプライアンスと蜂蜜併用の有無に大きな関連は認められなかった.【結論】終末期がん患者の口腔不快事象に対する半夏瀉心湯の含嗽は,患者の生活の質向上に寄与することが示唆されたが,蜂蜜の使用についてはとくに大きな利点は認めなかった.口腔内不快事象を緩和させることは終末期がん患者のケアに有効であると考えられる.

著者

戎井 章 田畠 健治 兼廣 春之 今田 千秋 小林 武志

出版者

日本水産工学会

雑誌

日本水産工学会誌 (ISSN:09167617)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.143-149, 2003 (Released:2018-07-02)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

5

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The performance of biodegradable plastics in seawater at various locations was examined. The seawater was sampled in the pier of Tokyo University of Fisheries, the mouth of Tama river, the mouth of Edo river, the mouth of Kyuedo river, Sagami bay and the offing in Boso peninsula. In this study, we used two samples of biodegradable plastics, polycaprolactone (PCL), and poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [p (3HB/V)]. The biodegradability of their films in seawater was assessed by monitoring the time-dependent changes in the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The films were rapidly degraded in seawater sampled in Tokyo bay and BOD-biodegradability of their films was 42 and 92% for 7 and 23days respectively. BOD-biodegradability of films in seawater sampled in other area was Iower than that sampled in Tokyo bay. The study using the scaming electron microscope showed the films decomposed by the microorganism. The PCL-degrading microorganisms were isolated from the seawater and designated R-1, R-2 and R-3. Physiological and phylogenetic characters of these microorganisms were examined. These results show that strain R-1 was identified as Pseudomonas studomons, and strains R-2 and R-3 belong to the genus Pseudomonas. Biodegradation of PCL monofilament fiber by isolated bacteria, strain R-1 was investigated. Tensile strength of PCL monofilament was rapidly reduced to 50% for 2 days.

著者

中村 努

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地理学会

雑誌

E-journal GEO (ISSN:18808107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.369-383, 2022 (Released:2022-11-25)

参考文献数

27

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本稿は,地域福祉のニーズの変化とその対応を,ローカル・ガバナンスの構造に焦点を当てて検討した.製紙工場の集積地として栄えた高知県高知市旭地域では,1990年代後半以降,新住民を中心とする再開発地区と老朽木造住宅が混在する地域へと変貌した.他方,入浴難民,単独高齢世帯,生活困難を抱えた孤立世帯や子どもなど,環境変化にともなうさまざまな地域福祉ニーズが生じた.これに対して,①住民組織代表のリーダーシップ,②収益の改善,③他機関との連携,を特徴とする地域住民の主体的な対応を軸にしたローカル・ガバナンスがそのつど形成された.住民組織と行政との関係は活動の展開過程において,対立から相互協力的な関係性へと深化した.このように,行政の役割の再定義も含め,地理学の視点からマルチスケールでローカル・ガバナンスの再構築の過程を検証することが求められる.

著者

西山 雄二

出版者

日仏哲学会

雑誌

フランス哲学・思想研究 (ISSN:13431773)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.281-283, 2022-09-01 (Released:2022-10-01)

著者

Kazuhito YOKOYAMA Akinori NAKATA Yuto KANNARI Frank NICKEL Nicole DECI Andreas KRAUSE Jan DETTMERS

出版者

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

雑誌

Industrial Health (ISSN:00198366)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.4, pp.295-306, 2022-05-25 (Released:2022-08-01)

被引用文献数

5

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The study aim was to examine whether flexible working time was associated with burnout and poor perceived health in relation to the work-related psychological/behavioral factors of self-endangering work behavior (SEWB), workaholism, work engagement, and job stressors. We analyzed data obtained from an Internet survey of 600 full-time Japanese employees. We also proposed a causal model using path analysis to investigate the overall relationships of burnout and perceived health to psychological/behavioral factors. The results indicated that flexible working time was associated with adverse work-related consequences and factors such as increased burnout, working hours, SEWB, workaholism, and job demands, and with positive factors such as improvement of work engagement. The path analysis suggested that burnout was caused by workaholism both directly and via SEWB, and by low job decision latitude, and was reduced by work engagement. Similarly, it was observed that poor health was caused by workaholism via SEWB, and reduced by work engagement. Thus, SEWB is driven by workaholism and plays a key role in the adverse health consequences of flexible working time. For workers to benefit from flexible working time, it is important to improve workaholism, SEWB, and low job decision latitude, and to develop work engagement in the workplace.

著者

柏木 恵子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会

雑誌

教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.4, pp.205-215, 1974-12-30 (Released:2013-02-19)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

8 7

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The purpose of this paper is to study the development of the concept of sex role in female adolescence from the cognitive side, and, in particular, to clarify the relationship between an adolescent's sex role concept and social sex role norm.Subject:The middle school, high school and university female students 100 from each group and 80 male university students.Methods:A questionnaire consisted of 21 items each of which described a sex-typed behavior or characteristicsis was used. This questionnaire was developed in previous studies.As for each item, subjects are required to rate its desirability for male and for female under the following two instructions:1. Do you think how much desirable is the charactersistics of this sort for male (or female)?2. Do you think how much is the characteristics of this sort expected for male (or female) in society?Results:1. Younger girls made distinct descriminations between the male role and the female role. As the age of the subjects increases the discrimination. between two sexes decreases greatly.2. The female university students perceive that the male role and the female role are perceived accurately and contrastingly.3. The largest discrepancies are found between adolescent's sex role concept and the social sex role norm in female university students.Conclusion:In general, older female adolescents are suggested to have some cognitive conflicts and difficulties in the formation of their sex role concept.

著者

福田 智美

出版者

日本経営倫理学会

雑誌

日本経営倫理学会誌 (ISSN:13436627)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.85-102, 2022-03-20 (Released:2022-11-03)

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This paper discusses how governance issues can impact the value of Japanese companies. Japan’s Corporate Governance Code was first introduced in 2015, and has since been revised twice since then. The latest revision emphasizes gender and other types of diversity, as well as the importance of outside directors. The number of female outside directors increased from 159 in 2014 to 1,835 in 2021. How did the addition of female outside directors improve corporate value and management? Previous research on the issue finds both positive and negative aspects of the appointment of female directors on corporate value. This is due to its short history and small number of female directors. This paper interviewed nine companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange from three industries and analyzed them using a qualitative method known as SCAT. I conclude that the introduction of female outside directors had a positive effect on the corporate value.

著者

西沢 豊 千葉 徳爾

出版者

一般社団法人 日本治山治水協会

雑誌

水利科学 (ISSN:00394858)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.5, pp.11-30, 1979-12-01 (Released:2020-03-31)

参考文献数

18

著者

松澤 暢

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.Supplement, pp.347-355, 2009-07-31 (Released:2013-11-21)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

3 3

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Discovery of small repeating earthquakes and development of rate- and state-dependent friction laws have brought a modification of the asperity model that was originally proposed by Kanamori’s group. In the modified asperity model, ‘asperity’ is a synonym of ‘seismic patch’on the plate boundary. The area other than asperities on the boundary is supposed to slip aseismically. Careful analyses of interplate large earthquakes also support the model. This model gives a basis of current long-term earthquake prediction. Further detailed analyses of the relation between the pore pressure and rupture process and the interaction among the asperities and aseismic areas are mandatory for the improvement in the accuracy of the prediction.

著者

末包 哲也

出版者

一般社団法人 スマートプロセス学会 (旧高温学会)

雑誌

スマートプロセス学会誌 (ISSN:2186702X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.30-37, 2022 (Released:2023-01-10)

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

1

著者

河野真理江

出版者

日本映像学会

雑誌

映像学 (ISSN:02860279)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, pp.57-75,97, 2013-05-25 (Released:2023-03-31)

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Ryoju (1961, Gosho Heinosuke) is a film that can be categorized as bungei-melodrama, which was a subgenre of Japanese film melodrama for female audience. However, the film has, nevertheless, a great similarity to Hollywood family melodrama that is a subsequent generic category in terms of style, technology, themes and women’s film. Interestingly, in Japanese film discourse during the 1950s, some films such as Written on the wind (Douglas Sirk, 1956) were considered works resembling to bungei-melodrama. This fact challenges current discussions that have assumed that these films were rarely understood as “melodrama” or “women’s film” in those days. The main purpose of this paper is to define Ryoju as a paradigmatic work of bungei-melodrama, engaging the Japanese genre with major discussions of melodrama in film studies. It also considers some critical differences between two “melodrama” genres. First of all, the paper will analyze Ryoju by focusing on three critical issues: the representation of the upper middle class, the organization of sexual power struggle, and ideological contradiction in film criticism. Second, it will demonstrate how the three issues allow us to see both similarity and difference between Japanese bungei-melodrama and Hollywood melodrama. Finally, the paper will explore the way to associate two genres, discussing genre re-genrification, one of critical interests in melodrama.

著者

田中 大貴 森 恵莉 関根 瑠美 鄭 雅誠 鴻 信義 小島 博己

出版者

耳鼻咽喉科展望会

雑誌

耳鼻咽喉科展望 (ISSN:03869687)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.3, pp.119-122, 2020-06-15 (Released:2021-06-15)

参考文献数

13

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塩化亜鉛液を浸した綿棒で上咽頭を擦過する上咽頭擦過療法 (Epipharyngeal Abrasive Therapy: EAT) は, 組織の収斂・抗炎症作用を利用した上咽頭炎など初期の感冒症状に対して一部の施設にて行われている。 上咽頭擦過療法で稀に嗅覚障害を来すことがあるとされるが, 詳細な報告はない。 国外ではグルコン酸亜鉛液が初期の感冒に効果があるとされ市販されており, このグルコン酸亜鉛液による点鼻治療で嗅覚障害を来したという報告が散見する。 また硫化亜鉛や酸化亜鉛も動物実験で嗅覚障害を起こしたという報告がある。 今回, 塩化亜鉛液が原因と考えられる嗅覚障害の例を経験し, 塩化亜鉛も他の亜鉛化合物と同様に嗅覚障害を呈する可能性が考慮されたため, 文献的考察を加えて報告する。

著者

平高 史也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本語教育学会

雑誌

日本語教育 (ISSN:03894037)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, pp.43-52, 2008 (Released:2022-10-30)

参考文献数

9

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本稿では,前半でドイツにおける移民の受け入れの歴史を概観し,移民に対する言語教育の変遷について論じる。後半では,第2言語としてのドイツ語教育の現状を顕著に示す3つのトピックを扱う。まず,近年注目を集めているヘッセン州のケースを例に,就学前の移民の子どもに対するドイツ語教育について論じる。次に,ニーダーザクセン州を事例として,小中学校で行われているドイツ語の学習支援についての方策をいくつか取り上げる。最後に,成人に対するドイツ語教育の例として,2005年に発効した「移民法」を受けて実施されている移民に対する統合コースを扱う。このコースはドイツ語教育600時間,ドイツ事情を扱うオリエンテーションコース45時間からなっている。ドイツでは,外国人の統合には連邦や州だけではなく,外国人委任官や宗教団体など多様なアクターがかかわるべきであることが,「移民法」にも謳われている。

著者

Fatih Çölkesen Bahar Kandemir Şevket Arslan Fatma Çölkesen Eray Yıldız Celalettin Korkmaz Hülya Vatansev Recep Evcen Filiz Sadi Aykan Mehmet Kılınç Gökhan Aytekin Bahadır Feyzioğlu Metin Doğan Turgut Teke

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.3, pp.228-233, 2022-05-31 (Released:2022-05-24)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

2 11

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The prevalence and mortality rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) widely vary among populations. Mucosal immunity is the first barrier to the pathogen’s entry into the body. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the primary antibody responsible for mucosal immunity. We explored the relationship between selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) and COVID-19 severity. We included 424 patients (203 women) with COVID-19. Eleven patients had SIgAD. Laboratory data of patients with SIgAD and normal IgA levels were compared. The relationship between SIgAD and severe COVID-19 infection was explored using logistic regression analysis. In the univariate logistic regression analysis, the risk of severe COVID-19 disease in patients with SIgAD was approximately 7.7-fold higher than that in other patients (odds ratio [OR], 7.789; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.665–36.690, P = 0.008), while it was 4-fold (OR, 4.053; 95% CI, 1.182–13.903, P = 0.026) higher in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Serum IgA levels were positively correlated with total lymphocyte counts and negatively correlated with C-reactive protein levels, which was a risk factor for severe COVID-19. In patients with SIgAD, the number of severe acute respiratory coronaviruses 2 that pass through mucosal membranes may be increased, leading to complications such as cytokine storm syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome.

著者

Nanami Naka Tetsuya Takemi

出版者

公益社団法人 日本気象学会

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.19A-002, (Released:2023-06-05)

被引用文献数

2

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Using mesoscale gridded analysis data and radar/raingauge-analyzed precipitation products, this study investigated the environmental conditions for the occurrence of extremely heavy rain events that occurred in northern Kyushu during the warm season in recent years. In all cases, the environmental conditions were not particularly unstable but were almost saturated in the deep layer of the troposphere. The existence of moist absolutely unstable layers (MAULs) was confirmed in and around the rainfall areas. A positive correlation was found between the volume of deep MAULs and the area total rainfall. A large convergence of the water vapor flux is observed in the lower troposphere, which appears to maintain very humid conditions and MAULs. The moisture convergence in the lower troposphere and the presence of deep MAULs is considered to enhance the heavy rainfall in the preceding hours. Humid conditions form deep MAULs that appear to precede the heavy rainfalls.