著者

Sadahiko Yamazaki Kunihide Hoshino Masatoshi Kusuhara

出版者

Japanese Society of Anti-Aging Medicine

雑誌

ANTI-AGING MEDICINE (ISSN:18822762)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.6, pp.60-65, 2010 (Released:2010-05-22)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

30 37

---

Human body odor is generated by waste materials present on the skin surface and secretions from the sweat and sebaceous glands. These waste materials are converted to characteristic odorous compounds through oxidative degradation or metabolism by skin microbes. Changes in body odor due to aging relate to the amount and composition of sweat and sebum secreted, as well as gland activity. 2-Nonenal has an unpleasant, greasy, grassy odor and is mainly detected in people aged over 40 years. Generation of 2-nonenal is related to oxidative degradation of ω7 unsaturated fatty acids. Given that body odor may function as a barometer indicating the body's overall health, further understanding of this odor's makeup is important. Here, we define several types of body odor and describe changes in body odor, with a specific focus on 2-nonenal, an odor characteristically associated with aging.

著者

Michio Yamamoto Dai Keino Shinichiro Sumii Tomoko Yokosuka Hiroaki Goto Ayano Inui Tsuyoshi Sogo Makio Kawakami Mio Tanaka Masakatsu Yanagimachi

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1308-22, (Released:2023-03-22)

参考文献数

17

---

We herein report a case of hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia (HAAA) that occurred after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) vaccination. In this patient, progressive pancytopenia observed two months after acute hepatitis following the second dose of the SARS-Cov-2 vaccine indicated the development of HAAA. Although some reports have suggested that SARS-Cov-2 vaccination may be involved in the development of autoimmune diseases, no cases of HAAA developing after SARS-Cov-2 vaccination have been reported. SARS-Cov-2 vaccination in children has only started relatively recently, so the range of side effects in children has not yet been thoroughly described. Therefore, we need to strengthen surveillance for symptoms of children who are vaccinated.

著者

高橋 恒一

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能 (ISSN:21882266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.6, pp.867-872, 2018-11-01 (Released:2020-09-29)

著者

鶴田 武志

出版者

中京大学先端共同研究機構文化科学研究所

雑誌

文化科学研究 (ISSN:09156461)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, pp.1-22, 2023-03-01

著者

Seiji Hokimoto Koichi Kaikita Satoshi Yasuda Kenichi Tsujita Masaharu Ishihara Tetsuya Matoba Yasushi Matsuzawa Yoshiaki Mitsutake Yoshihide Mitani Toyoaki Murohara Takashi Noda Koichi Node Teruo Noguchi Hiroshi Suzuki Jun Takahashi Yasuhiko Tanabe Atsushi Tanaka Nobuhiro Tanaka Hiroki Teragawa Takanori Yasu Michihiro Yoshimura Yasuhide Asaumi Shigeo Godo Hiroki Ikenaga Takahiro Imanaka Kohei Ishibashi Masanobu Ishii Takayuki Ishihara Yunosuke Matsuura Hiroyuki Miura Yasuhiro Nakano Takayuki Ogawa Takashi Shiroto Hirofumi Soejima Ryu Takagi Akihito Tanaka Atsushi Tanaka Akira Taruya Etsuko Tsuda Kohei Wakabayashi Kensuke Yokoi Toru Minamino Yoshihisa Nakagawa Shozo Sueda Hiroaki Shimokawa Hisao Ogawa on behalf of the Japanese Circulation Society and Japanese Association of Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics and Japanese College of Cardiology Joint Working Group

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-22-0779, (Released:2023-03-10)

出版者

公益社団法人 日本皮膚科学会

雑誌

日本皮膚科学会雑誌 (ISSN:0021499X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.131, no.8, pp.1869-1900, 2021-07-20 (Released:2021-07-21)

著者

五明 紀春

出版者

公益財団法人 日本醸造協会

雑誌

日本醸造協会誌 (ISSN:09147314)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.102, no.6, pp.421, 2007-06-15 (Released:2011-09-20)

著者

岩井 宜子 渡邊 一弘

出版者

専修大学法学会

雑誌

専修法学論集 (ISSN:03865800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.102, pp.1-27, 2008-03-20

著者

林 純 柏木 征三郎 野村 秀幸 梶山 渉 池松 秀之 青山 俊雄 与儀 洋和

出版者

社団法人 日本感染症学会

雑誌

感染症学雑誌 (ISSN:03875911)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.3, pp.315-320, 1985-03-20 (Released:2011-09-07)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1 1 2

---

B型肝炎ウイルスは家族内感染以外, 医療行為や性行為で伝播する事は良く知られているが, その他にHBsAg carrierが使用した歯ブラシやカミソリなどを介しての伝播の可能性も考えられている.著者らはcarrierとカミソリを共用したため, 劇症B型肝炎に罹患した1例を経験したので報告する.症例は沖縄県石垣市の中学校女子生徒 (14歳) で, 昭和58年1月HBsAg陽性の急性肝炎を発症し, その後意識障害の出現などから劇症B型肝炎と診断されたが, 血漿交換などにより治癒した.患者が通っていた中学校の全生徒341名のHBsAg陽性率は4.1%, anti-HBsは13.8%, anti-HBcは18.2%で, 当地区における一般住民の陽性率よりやや低い成績であった.この患者の感染経路を検討したところ, 発症2ヵ月前の修学旅行にて, 患者はHBsAg carrier (HBeAg陽性) の女生徒が美容のため下肢の剃毛に使用したカミソリをそのまま借用し, 同様に剃毛を行ったため感染したものと考えられた.HBsAg carrierへの対策として, 肝機能の面からだけでなく, 感染源としての指導, 教育を行う必要があると考えられた.

著者

中山 俊宏

出版者

JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2005, no.143, pp.12-27,L6, 2005-11-29 (Released:2010-09-01)

参考文献数

53

---

Since it first appeared, Louis Hartz's The Liberal Tradition in America (1955) has had a major impact on the interpretation of American political thought and America's understanding of itself. His aim was to study the logical consequences of naturalized liberalism in the United States and show that ‘ideological consensus’ rather than ‘absence of ideology’ is what defines the uniqueness of America. This essay attempts to apply the concept of ‘natural liberalism’ in understanding the ‘normative character’ of U. S. foreign policy.Hartz has argued that since the United States lacks a feudal past, liberalism is perceived as a natural phenomenon. However, precisely because liberalism is seen in this light, it could sometimes become fixed and dogmatic. The belief that the ultimate moral question of the regime is settled comes from this dogmatic reception of liberalism. Hartz argues that as a result of ethics being taken for granted, all problems emerge as ‘problems of technique.’ He further argues that when the U. S. is simply solving problems on the basis of a submerged and absolute liberal faith, it can depart from liberalism with a kind of ‘inventive freedom’ which others cannot duplicate. This tendency, when applied to international relations, tends to bring about an attitude of mechanically applying its own cultural pattern to the rest of the world. The result is double-edged; the U. S. can become a norm builder as well as a norm destroyer.Hartz argues that interactions with the rest of the world will mitigate the dogmatic nature of naturalized liberalism and will force the United States to realize the relative nature of American exceptionalism. However, contrary to Hartz's expectations, the resulting tendency of the United States' contact with the outside world has been to further reinforce American exceptionalism and strengthen the sense of missionary liberalism.This essay will explore the foreign policy implications of natural liberalism and how these reinforce American exceptionalism. It will show that the United States will act as a norm builder when it can comfortably project its self-image to international relations. This was the tendency immediately after World War II when the United States successfully created the normbased post-war world order. However, the recent tendency has been to act unilaterally, in some cases even neglecting the international norms that the United States itself has played a major role in establishing. This attitude, sometimes referred to as ‘deinstitutionalization of the Wilsonian project, ’ has widened the gap between the United States and the rest of the world. Two domestic trends, namely the increasing religiosity and the conservative turn in U. S. politics has accelerated the widening of the gap. The U. S.' image of itself as a norm builder and the fact that the world no longer sees it so will continue to pose difficult questions for the U. S. and the world.

著者

Sadahiko Yamazaki Kunihide Hoshino Masatoshi Kusuhara

出版者

Japanese Society of Anti-Aging Medicine

雑誌

ANTI-AGING MEDICINE (ISSN:18822762)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.6, pp.60-65, 2010 (Released:2010-05-22)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

30 37

---

Human body odor is generated by waste materials present on the skin surface and secretions from the sweat and sebaceous glands. These waste materials are converted to characteristic odorous compounds through oxidative degradation or metabolism by skin microbes. Changes in body odor due to aging relate to the amount and composition of sweat and sebum secreted, as well as gland activity. 2-Nonenal has an unpleasant, greasy, grassy odor and is mainly detected in people aged over 40 years. Generation of 2-nonenal is related to oxidative degradation of ω7 unsaturated fatty acids. Given that body odor may function as a barometer indicating the body's overall health, further understanding of this odor's makeup is important. Here, we define several types of body odor and describe changes in body odor, with a specific focus on 2-nonenal, an odor characteristically associated with aging.

著者

近藤 雅樹 Masaki Kondo

出版者

国立民族学博物館

雑誌

国立民族学博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology (ISSN:0385180X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.395-407, 2012-02-27

---

火葬後,近親者が集まり,遺骨を粉にして服用する。あるいはこれに類する行為をおこなう。そのような習俗が日本のいくつかの地域で近年までおこなわれていた。公然とではないが点在していた。 この原稿では,何人かのインフォーマントから聞いた話と,近年の報告を紹介する。そして,こうした習俗が行われていた理由について考えてみる。 主要な事例報告対象とした地域は,以下のとおりである。 兵庫県淡路島南部,愛媛県越智郡大島,愛知県三河地方西部,新潟県糸魚川市。 近親者による食屍は,アブノーマルなことに思われる。しかし,長寿を全うした者,崇敬を集めていた人物が被食対象となっていることからは,死者の卓越した生命力や能力にあやかろうとする素朴な思いが反映していることを認めることができる。最愛の妻などの遺骨をかむことに対しても,哀惜の感情が表明されている。これらの行為は,素朴な人間感情の表出であると考えてよい。

著者

末次 健司 西岡 龍樹 穂垣 佑輔

出版者

日本植物分類学会

雑誌

植物地理・分類研究 (ISSN:03886212)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.89, 2020 (Released:2020-12-08)

著者

横山 泰子

出版者

国際浮世絵学会

雑誌

浮世絵芸術 (ISSN:00415979)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.152, pp.14-26, 2006 (Released:2021-03-25)

著者

岩井 宜子 渡邊 一弘

出版者

専修大学法学会

雑誌

専修法学論集 (ISSN:03865800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.102, pp.1-27, 2008-03-20

著者

三宅 陽一郎 大内 孝子 清田 陽司

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能 (ISSN:21882266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.245-253, 2023-03-01 (Released:2023-03-02)

著者

Satsuki Aochi Masaaki Uehara Motohisa Yamamoto

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1125-22, (Released:2023-03-08)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

---

A 78-year-old Japanese woman with no history of rheumatic disease received 2 doses of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Two weeks later, she noticed bilateral swelling in the submandibular region. Blood tests showed hyper-immunoglobulin (Ig)G4emia, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) revealed the strong accumulation of FDG in the enlarged pancreas. She was diagnosed with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification criteria. Treatment was started with prednisolone at 30 mg/day, and the organ enlargement improved. We herein report a case of IgG4-RD that may have been associated with an mRNA vaccine.

著者

山本 義彦 山口 翔吾 亀井 哲夫 城内 智行 團 航 尾嵜 豪

出版者

国立大学法人 鹿児島大学総合研究博物館

雑誌

Ichthy, Natural History of Fishes of Japan (ISSN:24357715)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.1-5, 2023-03-01 (Released:2023-03-02)

著者

東野 篤子

出版者

国際安全保障学会

雑誌

国際安全保障 (ISSN:13467573)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.32-51, 2019-06-30 (Released:2022-03-14)

著者

南 由優 塩崎 由梨 加藤 千晶 伊藤 真貴 竹内 紀子 小柳 桃朱 荻野 敏

出版者

Japan Rhinologic Society

雑誌

日本鼻科学会会誌 (ISSN:09109153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.4, pp.481-489, 2010 (Released:2010-12-23)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

5 5

---

Japanese cedar pollinosis (JCP), an unfortunately common chronic breathing problem, interferes with cognitive function, impairing work productivity and inducing economic loss. We evaluated JCP impact on work productivity, QOL, and symptoms.Our study, conducted during Japan's peak pollen season, used questionnaires on work productivity and activity impairment allergy-specific (WPAI-AS) and Japanese rhino conjunctivitis QOL (JRQLQ).The pollen count in 2009-4067.5/cm2 was 3 times that in 2008-1468.4/cm2. Subjects numbered 227 (202 employees and 25 students) in 2008 and 308 (277 employees and 31 students) in 2009. Mean workplace absence was 0.9% in 2008 and 1.2% in 2009 and mean work efficiency loss 33% in 2008 and 42% in 2009. Mean classroom absence was 0% in 2008 and 1.5% in 2009 and mean study efficiency loss 33% in 2008 and 48% in 2009, showing a positive correlation between work productivity score, QOL, and symptoms. Work productivity decreased more in 2009 with increased pollen count.With the large economic loss due to pollinosis, both symptom severity and QOL must be improved to increase work productivity.

著者

高倉輝 著

出版者

アルス

巻号頁・発行日

1929

著者

高田 知紀 梅津 喜美夫 桑子 敏雄

出版者

公益社団法人 土木学会

雑誌

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題) (ISSN:21856621)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.I_167-I_174, 2012 (Released:2013-01-30)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1 9 5

---

東日本大震災では,多くの神社が津波被害を免れたことが指摘されている.本研究では,日本の神社に祀られる祭神の多様性は,人びとの関心に応じた差異化の結果であるという仮説から,宮城県沿岸部の神社についてその祭神と空間的配置に着目しながら被害調査を行った.祭神については特に,ヤマタノオロチ退治で知られるスサノオノミコトに着目した.スサノオは無病息災の神として祀られることから,洪水や津波といった自然災害時にも大きな役割を果たすと考えられる.また,地域の治水上の要所に鎮座していることが多い.東北での調査から,スサノオを祀った神社,またスサノオがルーツであると考えられる熊野神社は,そのほとんどが津波被害を免れていることを明らかにした.この結果は,地域の歴史や文化をふまえたリスク・マネジメントのあり方について重要な知見を提供する.

著者

嵩原 広宙 田中 秀樹 岩城 達也

出版者

Japan Society of Kansei Engineering

雑誌

日本感性工学会論文誌 (ISSN:18840833)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.TJSKE-D-17-00030, (Released:2018-02-09)

参考文献数

22

---

Emotional state before sleep affects the subsequent sleep onset. The purpose of this study was to investigate how positive/negative emotion before sleep effected hypnagogic state. The movies eliciting positive or negative emotion were presented before sleep. Hypnagogic imagery was recorded as a probe of emotional experience and EEG microstate analysis was used for finding the emotion related EEG activities. The score of emotion ratings for hypnagogic imagery indicated that positive emotion was reported in not only positive condition but also in negative condition. This implied that hypnagogic state might be accompanied by positive emotion. Comparing the appearance of maps obtained from microstate analysis between conditions, the map of right temporal activity was significantly greater in positive condition while the map of the left frontal activity was greater negative condition. These results suggested that the emotion not just in presleep but also in hypnagogic state was involved in sleep onset process.

著者

武田 宗和 名取 恵子 諸井 隆一 原田 知幸 矢口 有乃 稲垣 伸洋

出版者

日本腹部救急医学会

雑誌

日本腹部救急医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13402242)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.4, pp.735-739, 2013-05-31 (Released:2013-07-26)

参考文献数

10

---

要旨:【症例】37歳飲酒歴のない女性。意識障害で発見され救急搬送,既往は躁鬱病と境界型人格障害。来院時ショック状態で下血を認め,緊急下部内視鏡検査で直腸から左側結腸まで全周性・連続性の発赤とびらんを認めた。翌日,薄めたウオッカ約1L(推定アルコール濃度49%)を自ら注腸したことが判明,虚血性腸炎に準じ保存的治療を選択。8病日の内視鏡検査では直腸からS状結腸までは粘膜の修復が認められ保存的治療を継続した。4週間後,下行結腸の高度な腸管狭窄を合併したため,本人との話し合いの結果,横行結腸に人工肛門を造設することとなった。【考察】過去の報告では,アルコール注入による直腸結腸炎は保存的治療で治癒することが多いとされる。本例は高濃度のアルコールが大量に注入され広範囲に腸管が傷害された上にショック状態に陥り,腸管虚血をきたしその治癒過程で腸管狭窄を合併したものと推察された。本例における治療方針に関する問題点をふまえ文献的考察を加え報告する。

著者

近江 龍一 西原 陽子 山西 良典

出版者

人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会全国大会論文集 (ISSN:13479881)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, 2017

---

Web上に投稿される情報の中には青少年にとって有害な情報,特に猥褻な意味を持つ言葉は直接記述されず暗喩により表現されることが多い.本研究の目的は暗喩を用いて表現されている有害な文に対してフィルタリングを行うことである.提案手法では有害表現が含まれる文をドメインごとに機械学習し有害表現の分類器を作り,有害表現をフィルタリングする.提案手法の有用性を評価する実験をR-18指定の小説を使い行った.

著者

酒向 貴子 川田 伸一郎 手塚 牧人 上杉 哲郎 明仁

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series A, Zoology = 国立科学博物館研究報告. A類, 動物学 (ISSN:18819052)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.63-75, 2008-06

---

The distribution of latrines of the raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides, was examined from July 2006 to December 2007 in the Imperial Palace grounds, Tokyo, Japan. The raccoon dog is accustomed to defecate at fixed locations, forming holding latrines; thus the distribution of latrines is a good indicator of their abundance. The results suggest that the latrines are widely scattered in the study site, but are more dense in the Fukiage area, where an old-growth broad-leaved forest is established. The latrine sites are used more frequently from September to December, as the number of fresh feces increased in the autumnal season. To examine the seasonal food changes of the raccoon dogs, 10 pieces of feces from some latrines were collected every month and analyzed the indigestible contents in the sampled feces. The food items identified consisted of animal, plant and man-made materials, suggesting that the raccoon dogs were highly omnivorous. The animal materials found from the feces included mammals (4% of total feces), birds (37%), reptiles (2%), amphibians (3%), insects (95%), chilopods (56%), isopods (2%) and gastropods (12%). Invertebrates were the most abundand food item throughout the year. Three coleopteran families, the Carabidae, Staphylinidae and Scarabaeidae, accounted for a large proportion of the insects and they showed seasonal fluctuations. These suggest that the raccoon dogs fed on them as major animal food resources in the study site, and perhaps the seasonality is related to the temporal changes of availability of the insects. The majority of plant materials found in the feces was a variety of seeds, suggesting that the raccoon dogs fed on berries and fleshy fruits throughout the year. The occurrence of seeds decreased from March to April, which coincided with a low availability of fruits. The seeds found in feces were categorized into three types : (1) the short-term berry type including Prunus (Cerasus) spp., Moms spp., Rubus hirsutus and Machilus thunbergii, which occurred only a short term after their fruiting periods ; (2) the long-term berry type, including Celtis sinensis, Aphananthe aspera and Swida controversa, which occurred continuously for three or more months after the fruiting periods ; (3) the acorn type, including Castanopsis spp., Quercus spp. and Ginkgo biloba, which occurred in early spring (January to April) when the other fruits are scarce. The seasonal change of the three fruit types implies that the raccoon dogs consume the available fruits in relation to the successive fruiting periods. The proportion of artificial materials found in the feces was considerably lower than in previous studies carried out in the suburbs of Tokyo, suggesting that the raccoon dogs in the study site strongly depend on natural foods. Most of the natural food items were native to Japan since the past Edo period. Thus we conclude that the preservation of biodiversity in the Imperial Palace grounds was essential for the re-colonization by the raccoon dogs of the Tokyo metropolitan area after the 1970s.

出版者

関東都督府臨時防疫部

巻号頁・発行日

1912

著者

Robert V. Mosier

巻号頁・発行日

1946

著者

松阪 崇久

出版者

日本笑い学会

雑誌

笑い学研究 (ISSN:21894132)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.90-106, 2018 (Released:2018-12-27)

---

動物ショーやテレビ番組に出演するチンパンジー・パンくんの映像作品を用いて、パンくんの感情表出についての分析を行った。映像作品でのパンくんは、着衣で二足歩行を行うことが多く、自然なチンパンジーの姿とは大きく異なっていた。テレビ番組用の映像と動物ショーの本番の映像では、それ以外の動物園などでの映像と比べて、チンパンジー本来の姿とのズレが大きく、感情表出に関しては、ポジティブな笑顔や笑いの表出よりも、恐怖・不安・不満といったネガティブな表出が多い傾向があった。とくにテレビ番組では、パンくんに試練を課し、不安やストレスを与えるシーンもしばしば見られた。このようなパンくん自身の感情表出以外に、テロップ、ナレーションや、チンパンジーの音声の追加によって、パンくんの感情を演出または改変する場面もあった。以上の結果を元に、ショーやテレビにチンパンジーが出演することの問題点について議論した。また、動物の福祉を考える上で、笑いや遊びに注目する意義について考察した。

著者

板屋 民子 飯島 正雄 斉藤 貢一 正木 宏幸 青木 敦子 斎藤 章暢 安藤 佳代子 徳丸 雅一 坂東 正明

出版者

Japanese Society of Food Microbiology

雑誌

食品と微生物 (ISSN:09108637)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.4, pp.203-212, 1992-03-20 (Released:2010-07-12)

参考文献数

10

---

A large number of Photobacterium phosphoreum (6-7 log/g) was isolated from “tamagoyaki” (a kind of nigirisushi; Japanese food) that had been lumineferous in the dark. The isolates were smeared on the surfaces of sliced “tamagoyakis”. After the incubation at 10°C for 48 hr or at 25°C for 24 hr, the surfaces became luminous. It was indicated that this abnormality of “tamagoyaki” was caused by contamination with and multiplication by P. phosphoreum.On the surface of “tamagoyaki”, the bacteria in an early growth phase in such a small number as 4 log/g luminesced. Furthermore, the luminescence was observed when pieces of squid, boiled prawn or “yakichikuwa” (a kind of food made of fishes) with the bacteria were incubated, but not observed on pickled Japanese gizzard shad. Nevertheless the the bacteria grew on the surface of tuna, but no luminescence was observed on it.The bacteria produced a small amount of histamine on squid and tuna (less than 250μg/g), and their ability to putrefy food seemed to be low.The opitmum concentration of sodium chloride for growth of the bacteria in a medium was 3%, but they grew in food containing sodium chloride less than 0.5%. When sodium chloride in the medium was replaced by potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, ammonium chloride or sodium phosphate, the bacteria were still able to grow but unable to grow when replaced by potassium phosphate or sucrose. The bacteria metabolized arginine by arginine decarboxylase but not by arginine dehydrolase.