著者

山田 章雄

出版者

獣医疫学会

雑誌

獣医疫学雑誌 (ISSN:13432583)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.1-3, 2014-07-20 (Released:2015-01-07)

参考文献数

9

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Globally more than 50,000 people die of rabies every year. Most of victims are kids under 15 year of age and are reported from Asia and Africa. There are only limited areas where rabies has been eliminated or historically no incursion of rabies has ever been reported. As more than 99% of rabies death in humans occurs by dog bite, it is evident that the most important and effective preventive measures is canine rabies control. In rabies endemic countries, therefore, every effort to control rabies by vaccination of dogs along with dog population control should be implemented. It has been shown that elimination of canine rabies is feasible even in those countries where the burden of rabies is tremendously high. On the other hand one of the most effective measures taken by rabies-free countries to maintain their rabies-free status is strict import restriction of dogs. In this article the measures implemented in several rabies-free countries or areas to sustain their rabies-free status have been reviewed.

著者

山本 天誠 萩原 富司 諸澤 崇裕 加納 光樹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本魚類学会

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.22-022, (Released:2022-11-25)

参考文献数

29

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The bitterling Acheilognathus macropterus, introduced from the continent of China to the Tone River system, including Lake Kasumigaura, is designated as an invasive alien species by the Invasive Alien Species Act of Japan, due to their potentially negative impacts on other threatened bitterling species through interspecific competition. Although ecological studies of immature and adult stages of A. macropterus have already been reported in both China and Japan, little is known about larval and juvenile stages in the wild. To ascertain habitat characteristics in early life stages of the species, spatial distribution of larval and juvenile A. macropterus and environmental variables were investigated at 131 sites in two river systems (Ono R. and Shintone R.) flowing into Lake Kasumigaura in June 2018. A total of 1,118 larval and juvenile specimens (5.8–18.4 mm in body length, BL) were collected using hand nets during the study period, ca. 93% of the total number being larvae. A generalized liner mixed model based on the data for larval density with a variety of environmental variables (i.e., water temperature, dissolved oxygen, water depth, flow velocity, vegetation density, mud content ratio in the bottom sediment, distance from a freshwater pearl farm, and wave height) at each site revealed that greater vegetation density with higher dissolved oxygen and distance to pearl farms utilizing the unionid hybrid mussel Sinohyriopsis schlegeli × S. cumingii were the most significant determinants of larval density. The results indicated that appropriate management of river vegetation and pearl farm factors are necessary for the establishment of essential controls, so as to manage the reproduction and expansion of A. macropterus in the Ono and Shintone River systems.

著者

戸上 真人

出版者

一般社団法人 電子情報通信学会

雑誌

電子情報通信学会 基礎・境界ソサイエティ Fundamentals Review (ISSN:18820875)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.4, pp.257-271, 2023-04-01 (Released:2023-04-01)

参考文献数

132

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複数の音が混ざった音を音源ごとに分離する音源分離技術は,無線通信のビームフォーミング技術,確率モデルに基づく信号処理及び最適化に関する技術,そして深層学習に関する技術を取り込みつつ進化を続けてきている.本稿では,空間モデルと音源の確率モデルに基づく複数マイクロホンの音源分離技術,深層学習を用いた単一マイクロホンの音源分離技術,そして深層学習ベースの音源モデルと空間モデルを用いた複数マイクロホンの音源分離技術の概観を示す.

著者

Mayumi TAKEUCHI Kenji MATSUZAKI Yoshimi BANDO Mika SAKAKI Hiroyuki FURUMOTO Masafumi HARADA

出版者

Japanese Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

雑誌

Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences (ISSN:13473182)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.4, pp.267-270, 2014-12-01 (Released:2014-12-22)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

2 3

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Villoglandular papillary adenocarcinoma (VGPA) is a rare subtype of cervical adenocarcinoma that generally affects young women and has a favorable prognosis. Its preoperative diagnosis is important to avoid excessive surgery. We report the magnetic resonance (MR) findings of a case in which the cervical tumor showed a fern-leaf-like appearance on high resolution T2-weighted images obtained at 3 tesla. MR imaging clearly showed this pathological feature that may suggest this disease.

著者

Kenji Yukuhiro Kazuya Iwata Natuo Kômoto Shuichiro Tomita Masanobu Itoh Makoto Kiuchi

出版者

The Japanese Society of Sericultural Science

雑誌

Journal of Insect Biotechnology and Sericology (ISSN:13468073)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.1_029-1_035, 2012 (Released:2013-01-28)

参考文献数

21

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We analyzed 3633 Japanese Bombyx mandarina COI sequences from 37 locations in Japan, found 94 segregating sites in 714-bp long COI nucleotide sequences and eventually identified 121 haplotypes. We further confirmed that the 121 haplotypes were different from the 8 B. mori haplotypes reported by Yukuhiro et al. (2011), and the result strongly suggested little gene flow from B. mori to Japanese B. mandarina. We discuss the properties of the mutational differences between the two species.

著者

田村 行弘 真木 俊夫 嶋村 保洋 西垣 進 直井 家壽太

出版者

Japanese Society for Food Hygiene and Safety

雑誌

食品衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00156426)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.3, pp.173-180, 1979-06-05 (Released:2010-03-01)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

9 9

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In 1977, there was an outbreak of photosensitivity dermatitis by among persons who had ingested a certain brand of chlorella tablets. At least 23 patients were identified in and around the Tokyo metropolitan area.The unconsumed chlorella tablets collected from these patients invariably induced photosensitivity dermatitis in mice. These chlorella tablets contained large amounts of pheophorbide and its ester, which are well-known phototoxic pigments derived from chlorophyll, while chlorella tablets from another maker, which contained less than a tenth as much pheophorbide induced no photosensitivity lesion in mice.Furthermore, a linear dose response relationship was observed between the severity of photosensitivity dermatitis in experimental animals and the content of pheophorbide in chlorella administered. However, the reaction induced by pheophorbide extracted from the suspect chlorella was weaker than that induced by the original chlorella sample.It was confimed that ethanol, used in forming granules of chlorella before pelleting, activates chlorophyllase, which in turn hydrolyzes chlorophyll naturally contained in chlorella into pheophorbide and its ester.We concluded that the photosensitivity dermatitis was caused by the chlorella tablets, which had been treated with ethanol. We believe that pheophorbide and its ester found in large amount in these tablets, have played a major role in inducing the photosensitivity dermatitis.

著者

菅野 昌明 濱田 和樹 長谷川 裕

出版者

日本トレーニング指導学会

雑誌

トレーニング指導 (ISSN:24336742)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.11-17, 2017 (Released:2020-03-26)

参考文献数

25

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本研究の目的は、国内最高峰のラグビートップリーグに所属するチームの男子ラグビー選手25名を対象に、爆発的な加速能力に重要な役割を果たすと考えられる1-4Step区間のスプリントスタート能力の向上のための、スプリント変数や下肢筋機能との関連性 を明らかにすることであった。その結果、1-4Step区間のスプリント走速度とステップ長、滞空時間、接地時間との間に有意な相関関係が認められたが、ステップ頻度との間には有意な相関関係は認められなかった。下肢筋機能では、20kg、30%1RM、60%1RM、80%1RMに対するジャンプ・スクワット・パワーの体重比、およびリバウンドジャンプ指数との間に有意な相関関係が認められた。また、1-4Step区間のスプリント走速度で区分した上位群と下位群とのスプリント変数と下肢筋機能の違いを比較した結果、スプリント変数ではステップ長、滞空時間が、下肢筋機能では20kg、および60%1RMのジャンプ・スクワット・パワー体重比、リバウンドジャンプ指数において上位群が有意に大きい値を示した。さらに、 接地時間と30%1RMおよび80%1RMに対するジャンプ・スクワット・パワーの体重比において有意ではないが大きな差が示され、上位群が下位群よりも接地時間が短くジャンプ・スクワット・パワーでは高値を示した。これらの結果から、1-4Stepスプリント走速度の向上には、ステップ長を高めつつも、短い接地時間を達成することが重要であると考えられた。また、1-4Stepスプリント走速度を改善するためには、軽負荷から高負荷領域までの下肢伸展パワーを増大することや、ストレッチ・ショートニング・サイクル筋活動で行われる下肢反応筋力能力を改善することが必要であると考えられた。

著者

鳴海 拓志

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.14-29, 2019-03-01 (Released:2019-09-01)

参考文献数

65

被引用文献数

1

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This paper proposes a novel field of technology, “Ghost Engineering”, for enabling us to change our cognitive functions as we hope by modifying our body perception and recognition. Recent embodied cognition studies revealed that our mind can be influenced by the states and recognition of our bodies. Meanwhile, recent development in virtual reality and augmented human technologies enable us to flexibly modify/extend our body itself and recognition of our bodily states. Considering these together, our mind would be designed by utilizing these novel techniques which provide augmented body. In this paper, function of human mind is called as “Ghost” after the concept of “Ghost in the machine” by G. Ryle, and recent achievement, possibilities, tentative limitations, and future implication of Ghost Engineering technologies are introduced based on three categories: Body transformation for modifying our emotion, creativity and empathy; Body multiplexing/unification for enhancing our social abilities; and Body motion modification for enhancing our physical performance via mental support.

著者

佐藤 悠子

出版者

一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2015, no.179, pp.179_126-179_141, 2015-02-15 (Released:2016-01-23)

参考文献数

92

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There are two major political issues that have been repeatedly debated in China’s modern history; how China’s relationship with the West should be and how China should treat Western science and technology. During the Cultural Revolution (CR), criticism against “bourgeois academic authority” raged. Science and even the lives of Chinese scientists were in jeopardy. The world-renowned physicist Albert Einstein became one of the main targets of this campaign. It was triggered by an article titled “Xiangduilun pipan (Criticism on the theory of relativity)” written by a local middle school teacher. In Beijing, one of the vice presidents of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Chen Boda took charge of the campaign. Most of the participants were young scientists whose knowledge was too limited to refute Einstein’s theory. Senior scientists such as Zhu Kezhen, another one of the vice presidents of the CAS, and Premier Zhou Enlai’s protégé Zhou Peiyuan, vice president of Beijing University and physicist who had worked with Einstein, took the side of Einstein. Chen brought the campaign to schoolchildren and even planned to organize a rally of ten thousand people. But he fell off the ladder of power when he joined the bandwagon trying to elevate his patron Lin Biao to the position of the President of the State at a conference in Lushan in August 1970. It made Mao suspect that Chen in fact intended to replace Mao with Lin who had demonstrated his ability to mobilize the People’s Liberation Army in October 1969. The anti-Einstein criticism ceased in Beijing after Chen disappeared, but in Shanghai Chen’s rivals Zhang Chunqiao and Yao Wenyuan continued it. Thereafter two major changes in domestic and international context strengthened the hands of Zhou Enlai, who had been protecting scientists, through the upheaval of the CR: the U.S.-China rapprochement and the Lin Biao incident. Henry Kissinger secretly arrived in Beijing in July 1971, which opened China’s door to the West. Zhou Enlai intentionally issued important directives on promoting basic theoretical study in science in front of the Chinese American scientists who were visiting China. Zhou also encouraged scientists to write him letters in order to make the issue publicly known. After the Sino-US rapprochement, a newly published Chinese academic journal “Wuli (Physics)” became the stronghold for physicists who supported Einstein and his theory. Soon after his allegedly aborted assassination of Mao Zedong in September 1971, Lin Biao died in Mongolia. It weakened the authority of Mao who chose Lin as his successor, and enabled Zhou Enlai to bring back the scientists to Beijing from local labor camps. Zhou also gave the green light to physicist Zhang Wenyu’s proposal to build a high energy accelerator at the cost of $ 2 billion, despite a contrary voice from Yang Zhenning, a Nobel laureate physicist and professor at the University of Chicago. High energy physics is based on Einstein’s theory of relativity. The physicists who had participated in building China’s first atomic bomb supported building a high energy accelerator. Zhang Wenyu led a delegation of Chinese scientists to the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in the United States in 1972, and Zhou Enlai established the High Energy Physics Institute in the CAS in 1973. By 1972, the Cultural Revolution in the field of science had lost steam because the physicists were now allowed to applying Western physics despite its “bourgeois”, “academic authoritarian”, and “wasteful” nature that had been fiercely condemned during the Cultural Revolution.

著者

山崎 彩夏 武田 庄平 鳥居 映太 鈴木 創三 清水 美香 黒鳥 英俊

出版者

一般社団法人 日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.59-66, 2010-06-20 (Released:2010-07-01)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

2 2

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Geophagy (soil-eating) is one of the well-known behaviours in many primate species, but the factors influencing this behaviour have been less known. In the captive environment of Tama Zoological Park, 2 female Borneo orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) showed geophagic behaviour that was restricted to a particular site in the naturalistic outdoor enclosure. We compared the properties of the soil at this site with those of soils from 7 other different sites in the enclosure to determine the differences between the soils. To this end, we examined the landform, vegetation type, the physical and chemical characteristics of the soils at these sites. The enclosure was situated on the hillside of secondary woodland comprising Fagaceae sp. with a gently sloping ridge on the east side and valley bottoms on the west side. The site at which the animals exhibited geophagic behaviour was located at the lowest area of the valley bottoms. We found that this area was thinly covered by a herbaceous layer with Gramineae sp., and most of ground surface was bare. The soil eaten by orangutans had a low density and was highly friable, soft, and wet. Chemical analysis revealed that the soil in the enclosure had a high Ca content (70-80%) and that soils at some points in the enclosure, including the soil at the site of geophagic behaviour, had high Fe and Mg contents. The site of geophagic behaviour was located at the bottom of the valley; therefore, soil ingredients may have accumulated easily in this soil. However, we could not find any definitive chemical factors to explain the geophagic behaviour of orangutans. One possible explanation is that since the site was bare with highly friable, soft, and wet soil, the orangutans would have been able to easily eat the soil from that site.

著者

植原 亮

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.259-273, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-03-31)

参考文献数

21

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In this review essay, I examine the significance of Conceptual Engineering Manifesto edited by K. Todayama and K. Karasawa, which is the first book in Japan that explores a new field called “conceptual engineering” in collaboration with psychology. After presenting an overview of its aim, distinctive features, and contents, I make general comments on the possibility of the research program proposed in this book, mainly in the following respects: its feasibility as engineering; continuity, function, and nature of concepts. Through discussing, I also articulate further tasks for conceptual engineering to be addressed.

著者

田崎 由実 三浦 直樹 桃井 康行

出版者

日本ペット栄養学会

雑誌

ペット栄養学会誌 (ISSN:13443763)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.Suppl, pp.Suppl_73-Suppl_74, 2011-10-01 (Released:2011-12-20)

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シリカ結石はイヌではまれな尿石とされている。今回、我々は鹿児島県を中心にシリカ尿結石について疫学調査を行った。その結果、鹿児島県内の獣医師やオーナーに対するアンケート調査において、鹿児島県を中心とする地域でシリカ尿結石が多くみられ、その発生の要因として飲料水との関係が示唆された。そこで鹿児島県内の水道水中のシリカ濃度を測定したところ、他地域と比較して著しく高値を示した。またミネラルウォーターについても同様に、鹿児島県が採水地の製品でシリカ濃度が高値のものがあった。実験的にシリカを高濃度に含む水道水の飲水により尿中シリカ濃度の上昇は見られなかったが、疫学調査から、シリカ濃度の低い水を飲水として使用することがシリカ結石発生の予防となると推測した。

著者

金山 智子 小林 孝浩 伏田 昌弘 津坂 真有

出版者

デジタルアーカイブ学会

雑誌

デジタルアーカイブ学会誌 (ISSN:24329762)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.s1, pp.s49-s52, 2020 (Released:2020-10-09)

参考文献数

4

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近年、渋谷や新宿、六本木など都心では夏のイベントとして盆踊りが開催され、若者たちに人気を博している。また各地の盆踊りを行脚する者もおり、岐阜県郡上市の郡上おどりのように全国から若者たちが集まる盆踊りもある。盆踊りがイベントとして盛り上がる一方、地元スタッフの高齢化や若者の参加者の減少など、多くの地域では盆踊り大会が縮小傾向にある。このような状況下、本来、盂蘭盆に精霊を迎え送る風習から生まれた伝統芸能としての盆踊りをいかに次世代へと継承していくのかが一つの課題となっている。本研究では、岐阜県本巣市旧根尾村の各集落にて毎年盆に拝殿で行われる盆踊りを映像撮影し、これをもとにアバターを用いた3Dのバーチャルな盆踊りを制作、ネット配信を試みる。YouTube世代の子どもや若者に向け、また、新型コロナウィルス感染防止で人が集まることが難しい状況下、自宅で楽しみながら盆踊りを学ぶことの可能性について考察し、報告する。

著者

山本 誠子 奥村 麻里 大場 智美 為積 沙奈絵 松岡 博厚

出版者

一般社団法人 日本調理科学会

雑誌

日本調理科学会誌 (ISSN:13411535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.5, pp.309-314, 2009 (Released:2015-01-23)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1

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生姜搾汁の牛乳凝固性について塩化カルシウム添加脱脂乳を基質に用い検討した。生姜搾汁の乳凝固活性は調製後不安定であった。生姜搾汁に1mML-システインと1mML-アスコルビン酸の添加により-18℃~-20℃で9~11週間貯蔵後も約80%の乳凝固活性が保持された。乳凝固活性は脱脂乳5mlに対する添加量が生姜搾汁0~0.4mlの範囲内で直線的に上昇し,0.5mlにて飽和に達した。乳凝固活性は脱脂乳へ塩化カルシウム0~15mM添加の範囲内で直線的に上昇した。乳凝固活性はカルシウム濃度に依存していた。乳凝固活性は温度とともに上昇した。最高乳凝固活性は70℃であった。生姜搾汁を60℃,10分間加熱処理後の乳凝固活性は約50%減少し,70℃で完全に失活した。しかし,70℃,1分間の加熱処理後には乳凝固活性の83%が保持された。

著者

木村 元子 中山 俊憲

出版者

一般社団法人 日本アレルギー学会

雑誌

アレルギー (ISSN:00214884)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.6, pp.785-786, 2018 (Released:2018-07-18)

参考文献数

6

著者

リード スティーブン•R•

出版者

Japanese Association of Electoral Studies

雑誌

選挙研究 (ISSN:09123512)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.5-11,254, 2003-02-28 (Released:2009-01-22)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

3

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本稿は,日本の並立制のような小選挙区制と比例代表制を組み合わせた選挙制度においては,小選挙区に候補者を立てると比例代表制の票も上積みが期待できるという仮説を検証しようとするものである。そして,1996年と2000年の総選挙データを用い,この仮説には十分根拠があることを明らかにする。更に,そこから二つの新たな仮説を導き出す。第一は,ある小選挙区への新規参入による利得は,そこからの撤退による損失と同じ大きさということはなく,二つの値は非対称的だということである。特に,新党にとっては利得の方が大きく,既成政党の場合には逆となる。第二は,新党の場合,候補者を2度続けて擁立すると,2回目にもその選挙区での比例代表票の上積みを期待できるというものである。本稿では,こうしたことが起きる理由についても考察する。

著者

三浦 麻子 小林 哲郎

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.120-127, 2015-11-30 (Released:2015-12-17)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

21

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In this article, monitor attitudes during online surveys were empirically examined, focusing in particular on satisficing (when survey participants do not fully engage their efforts). At first, the extent to which the satisficing tendency was dependent on personal traits was examined. We observed participants’ behavior in an online survey setting that required them to view video stimulus material consisting of news footage, and measured the length of time each participant spent viewing the footage. The results revealed that respondents who had satisficed (half-heartedly read) the scale items in a prior study (Miura & Kobayashi, 2015) were much more likely to satisfice the video footage. Then, agenda-setting and media-priming effects were used to examine the impact of satisficing during online surveys (including experimental manipulation) on empirical findings. Both examinations indicated the strong possibility that data pertaining to participants who satisficed could serve to distort empirical findings.

著者

三畑 光代 戸田 真司 小宮山 まり子 串田 守 宋 文群 荒川 浩久 内村 登 飯塚 喜一

出版者

一般社団法人 口腔衛生学会

雑誌

口腔衛生学会雑誌 (ISSN:00232831)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.3, pp.294-303, 1999-07-30 (Released:2017-11-12)

参考文献数

16

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飲料水には微量ミネラル元素であるフッ素が含まれている。日本の水道法の水質基準によれば,フッ素は0.8ppmを超えてはならないと規定されているが,低濃度フッ素飲料水にう蝕予防的価値はない。そこで,全国より集めた飲料水サンプルのフッ素濃度を測定した。本大学の学生に,帰省地の飲料水を採取し,必要事項を質問票に記入したうえで持参するように依頼した。フッ素イオン電極にてサンプル中のフッ素濃度を測定した。それとともに,水道統計資料から浄水場における飲料水のフッ素濃度を調べた。370サンプルの飲料水のうち,数のうえでは上水道が圧倒的に多く,次に井戸水,簡易水道という順であった。全サンプルの平均フッ素濃度は0.076ppmであり,最高値は上水道の0.55ppmで,最低価はすべての種類のサンプルにおいてみられた0.01ppm未満であった。さらに,昭和59年から平成8年度までの水道統計資料によれば,全国の浄水場における水道水平均フッ素濃度は徐々に低下する傾向を示し,平成8年度の平均で0.093ppmであった。以上のことより,ヒトが歯の健康のために飲料水から摂取するフッ素は不足していることは明らかである。今後は食品から摂取するフッ素量を考慮しながら,フッ化物の全身応用の実施を検討するべきである。

著者

志田 仁完

出版者

比較経済体制学会

雑誌

比較経済研究 (ISSN:18805647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.2_51-2_70, 2018 (Released:2018-09-28)

参考文献数

35

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本稿は,2015年第4四半期に実施された企業調査の結果に基づき,対ロシア経済制裁が企業経営に与える影響を検証した.分析は主に次の点を明らかにしている.第1に,企業経営幹部は,経済制裁が自社の経営に与える負の影響を,世界金融危機や欧州ソブリン危機と同程度において深刻な問題として評価している.第2に,金融危機の影響とは異なり,経済制裁の影響の評価には地域差が認められない.

著者

Ryuji Yanase Yukinori Nishigami Masatoshi Ichikawa Tohru Yoshihisa Seiji Sonobe

出版者

Japan Society of Protistology

雑誌

Journal of Protistology (ISSN:2433412X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.1-6, 2018-03-05 (Released:2018-03-08)

参考文献数

24

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The free-living ciliate protist Lacrymaria olor has an extendable neck, which extends up to 8 times longer than its cell body. Previous papers assessed several ultrastructural features of L. olor; however, dynamic features of the extension and contraction cycle of the neck have been unclear. As a first step to understand the mechanism of such dynamic processes, we tried to characterize the neck deformation of living L. olor using a high-speed camera and image processing. These analyses defined the four different cell states, namely, active, resting, activation and inactivation, and highlighted the features of the neck deformation of L. olor depending upon the cell states. Our analyses will make it possible to elucidate further details of the L. olor neck deformation mechanism.