著者

小河 正基

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.124, no.1, pp.1-30, 2015-02-25 (Released:2015-03-11)

参考文献数

133

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Great advances on observational studies of terrestrial planets including our own Earth since the 1990s suggest that we should fundamentally revise our view on the evolution of planetary interiors. It has been implicitly assumed that the mantle of a terrestrial planet evolves quasi-statically due to heat extraction by mantle convection. Tomographic studies on the Earth's mantle together with geologic studies, however, show that the overturn time of mantle convection is on the order of a billion years, which is comparable to the age of the Earth. So the evolution of the Earth's mantle is a dynamic process and the quasi-static model of mantle evolution is no longer tenable. Images of terrestrial planets recently sent from spacecraft suggest that the evolution of terrestrial planets depends systematically on their size, and that the evolution of the Earth should be understood in the context of this systematic relationship. The finding of super-Earths implies that we must figure a way to infer the evolution of these planets from limited information, such as the planetary mass, radius, and the composition of the atmosphere, on the basis of studies on terrestrial planets in our solar system. Geologic studies on Archean continents older than 2.5 billion years show that the tectonic regime of early Earth is qualitatively different from that of modern Earth, so the magmatism-mantle convection system in the Earth must have experienced a regime-transition at some point in its history. More dynamically oriented models of mantle evolution would be useful for predicting how the Earth's mantle evolved at its earliest stages on the basis of observations of other celestial bodies such as the Moon, where the old surface is still preserved. Further refinement of seismic studies on the Earth's interior combined with studies on the properties of mantle materials under high pressures are crucial to improve our understanding of the history of the Earth's interior.

著者

山家 椋太

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

まてりあ (ISSN:13402625)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.7, pp.350, 2018 (Released:2018-07-01)

著者

小川 亮

出版者

日本マーケティング学会

雑誌

マーケティングジャーナル (ISSN:03897265)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.4, pp.47-62, 2019-03-29 (Released:2019-03-29)

参考文献数

42

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本研究は製品開発プロセスの初期段階においてデザインを活用することの有効性を検証する。開発初期段階のコンセプトテストにおいて,接触可能なデザインを活用することで情報の具体性が増加しその結果,消費者からの改良アイデアが出やすくなることについて2つの視点から仮説を構築し実証分析を行った。1つは提示する情報が具体的であるほど,製品の改良アイデアが出やすいという解釈レベル理論に基づく仮説であり,もう1つは実際に製品を触れさせるという提示方法を用いることで,製品の意味概念の活性化が行われるため,改良アイデアが出やすいというハプティック知覚研究に基づく仮説である。富士里和製紙の製品開発プロセスにおいて実際に使用されたトイレットペーパーの提示物を用いて会場調査を行い,コンセプトテストにおいて文字で提示する場合と平面デザイン及び接触可能な立体デザインで提示する場合の改良アイデアの出やすさにおける差を検証した。その結果,文字情報のみを提示した場合と接触できる立体デザインを提示した場合では後者の方が具体性が高く,意味概念の活性化が行われ,改良アイデアが出やすいことに有意に差が見られた。

著者

Nilay Sahin Ali Yavuz Karahan Gul Devrimsel Ilknur Albayrak Gezer

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.5, pp.891-895, 2017 (Released:2017-05-16)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

5 15

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[Purpose] The aim of this study is to compare patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) with those with non-specific chronic back pain (NSCBP) in terms of pain, depression, and quality of life levels to explain the effects of surgery experience on low-back pain. [Subjects and Methods] A total of 50 patients with FBSS and 51 patients with NSCBP who consecutively applied to the outpatient clinic from September 2012 to April 2013 were included in the study. Patients completed questionnaires on demographics, body mass index, education level, work history, and pain duration (in months). Lumbar pain at rest, during movement, and at night were measured with a visual analogue scale (VAS). The Short Form 36 scale was used for evaluating quality of life, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used for assessing depression. [Results] VAS scores reporting pain at rest and at night and BDI scores were significantly higher in the FBSS group than in the NSCBP group. Role limitations due to physical functioning, which is one of the measures of quality of life, were significantly higher in the FBSS group than in the NSCBP group. [Conclusion] These assessments show that surgery experience in patients with ongoing low-back pain makes their pain and depression worse.

著者

大滝 仁志

出版者

公益社団法人 日本分析化学会

雑誌

分析化学 (ISSN:05251931)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.9, pp.1275-1281, 1973-09-05 (Released:2009-06-30)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1 2

著者

大石 栄恵

出版者

The Japan Society of Home Economics

雑誌

家政学雑誌 (ISSN:04499069)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.8, pp.566-568, 1976-12-20 (Released:2010-03-10)

参考文献数

7

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7品種のりんごの香気成分をヘッドスペースガスクロマトグラフィによって調べ, 品種によるにおいの特徴について検討した. 各品種に比較的多く含まれている成分は次のとおりである. ゴールデンデリシャスはエチルアセテートとn-ブチルアルコール, レッドゴールドはかブチルアルコール, デリシャスはプロピルアセテート, スターキングはイソアミルアルコール, 紅玉はn-ブチルアルコール, イソアミルアルコール, イソアミル-n-ブチレート, 印度はアセトアルデヒド, 陸奥はn-ブチルアルコール, イソアミル-n-ブチレートであった. 品種によるにおいの特徴はある特定の物質によるのではなく, 成分比の違いによるらしい.

著者

谷口 瑞生 山田 あすか 古賀 政好

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会技術報告集 (ISSN:13419463)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.56, pp.307-312, 2018 (Released:2018-02-20)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

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In this paper, we review the support system, status of facility improvement, and issues for disabled students at Japanese universities based on literature and interview surveys. The analysis shows that the development of basic facilities such as elevators and ramps has progressed considerably. However, the support system is biased or not in place at some universities. Responding to diverse types and degrees of disabilities is a major task for the future, requiring correspondence such as designing and introducing the necessary equipment ahead of time and assuming students’ needs.

著者

原田 澄子 大菅 洋子 塩原 紘栄 深井 康子 守田 律子 吉田 紀子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本調理科学会

雑誌

日本調理科学会誌 (ISSN:13411535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.180-183, 2006-04-20 (Released:2013-04-26)

参考文献数

3

著者

古謝 安子 宇座 美代子 玉城 隆雄 小笹 美子 船附 美奈子

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.35-46, 2003-03-31 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1 1

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Questionnaire study on the concern of 245 inhabitants regarding funeral practices and sur vey on the situation of old people's hospitalization in the isolated islands of Zamami village with out crematorium were carried out in 2000. The relationship of funerary practice and care of old people are discussed. 1. Traditionally the funeral practice involves burial of the dead followed by exhumatio: after several years whence the bones are cleaned by their relatives. All people died in the is lands have been practiced in the islands from 1990 to 1999. 2. Concern of the respondents for the funeral practice is influenced by experience of bone cleansing. Most of the respondents over 50 years old who have experienced bone-cleansing, sup port cremation. About 40% of the respondents below 50 years old who have little experience, support free of the funeral practice. About 90% of inhabitants choose to have cremation after their death. 3. Among the patients over 65 years old from islands without crematorium who were hos pitalized in 4 hospitals in mainland Okinawa, those over 90 years hospitalized for terminal care constituted the high number, accounting for 23.1% from Zamami. The non existence of the crematorium facility and concern of the inhabitants seem to exert considerable influence on the lives of old people in isolated small islands.

著者

福島 政治

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鐵と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.12, pp.1128-1142, 1954-12-25 (Released:2009-07-09)

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Side-blown baby-bessemer converters are employed in foundries for the production of steel castings, in U.S.S.R. recently, however, a large number of this type of converters are also used for the production of steel ingots under a new name of "Soviet Union's Process." And also, they assert that steel made by the side-blown converters have lower gas content and higher resistance to the low-temperature shortness than the others made by the open hearth furnace. The distinctive point of this new process is to use the over-heated low-Si molten pig iron (0.3-0.5% Si, 1400-1450°C) in the converter. Therefore, it seems to be nearly identical with the old Swedish process, but they maintain that it is their own process.Normally, in the baby-bessemer process, or in the high-or medium-Si process, they refine hematite pig iron, which is usually melted in usual cupolas. In works producing steel ingots by this new process, however, the cupolas are of a special design and the charge employed contains high percentages of steel scrap (90-95%), which is partially recarburized before blowing in the converter.From the results of several practical studies on the high Si Process (>1.6% Si), the medium Si process (1.1-1.6% Si), the low-Si process (<1.0% Si) and this new process by a 1.5t converter in each, merits of this new process were pointed out as follows;a) The shortening of the blowing time.b) The lessening of the blowing-loss of molten metal.c) The increasing of the steel scrap in the raw material of cupola.In the Chinese communist region, lately, in some works this type of converters are also used for the production of steel ingots, and they are blowing the comparatively lower Si molten pig iron (0.8-1.2% Si, 1300-1350°C) in the converter. It may be said that, from the great demand of steels in that region, this simple process will be developed more and more in future.

著者

上平 崇仁 大岡 美早紀 安岡 美佳

出版者

一般社団法人 日本デザイン学会

雑誌

日本デザイン学会研究発表大会概要集 日本デザイン学会 第64回春季研究発表大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.408, 2017 (Released:2017-06-29)

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人々が協働でデザインするために,相互理解を促進するような道具が求められている.本稿では,デザイン実践者たちがパートナー達と協働で自分たちのデザイン実験の場を構想していくためのツールについて報告する.研究の目的は,協働のデザインにおける実験環境として、日本ではまだ知見の少ないリビングラボの概念の整理を行うこと,それをもとに専門家と一般の参加者が同じテーブルの上で対話し、楽しく考えることができるゲーム(ツールキット)の開発を行うこと.の2点である.当該ゲームを用いて複数回のテストを行った結果,ゲームの手順は比較的容易に理解でき,カードとモデルによって対話を薦めていく体験には良好な手応えを得た.複雑な概念でもプレイフルな仕掛けを埋め込むことで理解しやすくすることはできることについて示唆を得た.実施結果をもとに,言葉が先行することによる危険性,建物メタファの妥当性,10の観点および質問の妥当性,キットにおけるゲームの功罪,の4つの視点から考察と検討を行った.

著者

Kazunori Kojima Daisuke Kamai Shogo Ishitani Susumu Watanabe

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.6, pp.1025-1028, 2017 (Released:2017-06-07)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1 7

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[Purpose] This study evaluated balance tests in users of a day care service who needed nursing care or support, and investigated the usefulness of the Two-step Test for evaluating balance. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were users of a day care service, and had certified need for long-term care or support. All subjects were able to undergo the balance evaluations. Balance tests included the 3-m Timed Up and Go test (TUG), the one-leg standing time, and the Two-step Test. [Results] The Two-step Test and other balance tests were strongly correlated. [Conclusion] In this study of subjects who needed nursing care or support, the results were the same as in a previous study of subjects who did not need nursing care or support. The Two-step Test should be considered as an indicator of balance ability in elderly individuals requiring nursing care or support.

著者

金子 優 佐々木 和也 清水 裕子

出版者

Japan Society of Kansei Engineering

雑誌

日本感性工学会論文誌 (ISSN:18840833)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.173-179, 2014 (Released:2014-02-25)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

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Yuki-Tsumugi has very long history and was registered with intangible cultural heritage promoted by UNESCO in 2010. The purpose of this study is to investigate texture characteristic to describe Kansei values of Yuki-tsumugi. We carried out two experiments; one was sensory inspection to evaluate tactile sensation by the method of paired comparisons, the other was to measure mechanical properties by KES-F (Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric). As results, it was clarified that a Honba Yuki-tsumugi was superior in bending and shear recovery. Its surface had small coefficient of friction and it was bulky. Furthermore, a high correlation between “flexibility” and shear rigidity (G) was shown.

著者

中山 伸一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本化学会・情報化学部会

雑誌

日本化学会情報化学部会誌 (ISSN:09133747)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.3, pp.90, 2006 (Released:2006-08-15)

参考文献数

7

著者

山北 聡 大藤 茂

出版者

一般社団法人 日本地質学会

雑誌

地質学雑誌 (ISSN:00167630)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.113, no.11, pp.585-590, 2007-11-15 (Released:2008-11-08)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1 1

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Folds in accretionary complexes, especially those in the Mino-Tanba Belt, are often called not “syncline” or “anticline” but “synform” or “antiform” evenly. However, this usage is not correct, since it cannot distinguish an inverted fold from a normal one. They are structurally quite different and distinguished from each other as a syformal anticline and a syncline or as an antiformal syncline and an anticline in normal sedimentary strata. “Synform” and “antiform” are terms for the folds that are out of this distinction; they should be used when the stratigraphic relationship or the facing is unknown. This terminology should be followed also in accretionary complexes, and “syncline” and “anticline” should be defined not with a chronological relationship between the strata in the core and the limbs, as in many glossaries and encyclopedias, but with a facing direction of the both limbs, namely, as a fold whose limbs are facing syn-axisward or anti-axisward, respectively.

著者

友次 晋介

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.107-127, 2009 (Released:2010-01-14)

被引用文献数

1

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This paper examines (1) how the Ford Administration tried to persuade South Korea to give up obtaining the spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant and their related technologies, which were one of the most sensitive among peaceful nuclear use, and (2) how the Carter Administration solved the dispute with Japan over the operation of its first reprocessing plant in Tokai-Mura. The Ford Administration found the multinational reprocessing concept as a solution to persuade South Korea to forgo its possession of reprocessing plant. In this concept, the multinational reprocessing plant was supposed to be established in territories of a more reliable nation, while the neighboring nations in sensitive areas were to be allowed to access that facility and gain the benefits in exchange for giving up its own reprocessing. The Ford administration tried to get the Japanese help to realize this concept. In the end, South Korea abandoned its reprocessing option because of the U.S. intimidation that the acquisition of reprocessing plant could have a negative impact on the U.S.-Korean bilateral security partnership. The Carter Administration, on the other hand, considered a reprocessing option uneconomic and even universally harmful in terms of proliferation risk, and so it called for a stronger effort to stop the spread of reprocessing plants. As such, the Carter Administration itself abandoned the reprocessing option domestically, while requesting the Japanese to reconsider the operation of the Tokai-Mura plant in attempt to demonstrate that it would seek the universal goal. Thus although the Carter Administration ended up giving concession to the Japanese government, the agreement was made on the condition that Japan's first reprocessing plant was to be operated on experimental basis for the first two years to obtain the technical data for the creation of the international regime to prevent the spread of sensitive technologies.

著者

安川 和孝 中村 謙太郎 藤永 公一郎 岩森 光 加藤 泰浩

出版者

一般社団法人日本地球化学会

雑誌

地球化学 (ISSN:03864073)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.4, pp.171-210, 2018-12-25 (Released:2018-12-25)

参考文献数

130

被引用文献数

2

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Since the discovery of rare-earth elements and yttrium (REY)-rich mud in the Pacific Ocean, a variety of research has been conducted to understand its spatial distribution and genesis. In this paper, we review the latest research outcomes on REY-rich mud, including the discovery of “extremely REY-rich mud” containing >5,000 ppm of total REY, a promising deep-sea mineral resource in Japan’s exclusive economic zone surrounding Minamitorishima Island. Then, we introduce a new statistical approach based on independent component analysis (ICA) to clarify the origin of REY-rich mud in the Pacific and Indian oceans, with a theoretical background and a protocol of ICA application on geochemical data. Independent components extracted from a multi-elemental dataset of ~4,000 samples demonstrate distinctive geochemical features, and their spatiotemporal distributions indicate that the sedimentation rate is an underlying key factor for REY-enrichment. We also refer to an important link between the genesis of REY-rich mud and Earth system dynamics. Finally, we focus on some challenges to be overcome. One of the most significant questions concerns the formation mechanism of the extremely REY-rich mud. An important key to this question is the depositional age of the extraordinary sediment layer.

著者

山村 順次

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:00167444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.5, pp.295-313, 1969-05-01 (Released:2008-12-24)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2 1

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温泉観光集落の発達と構造に関する一般的傾向の把握を目的とし,東京観光1次圏内の温泉観光地のうち,俳香保・鬼怒川の両温泉を選定して研究を進めた.本稿では,とくに観光資本の性格の差異とその変質過程とを注目するとともに,温泉観光集落の経済的機能の実態把握に努めた. 近世初期に確立し,歴史性を有した伊香保は,少数の有力地元資本や町当局が温泉地開発のイニシアチブを握って,外来資本に対して閉鎖的姿勢を示し,それゆえ観光産業化のテンポが遅れがちで,観光市場もローカル性で特色づけられた.これに対して,昭和初期に成長した新興の鬼怒川は,地元資本の外来資本導入の開放的姿勢のもとに,交通資本をはじめとする中,観光資本の積極的な観光開発や宣伝活動が展開され,観光産業の高度化や観光市場の広域化を促進させたことが明らかとなった.

著者

山本 淳一 澁谷 尚樹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本行動分析学会

雑誌

行動分析学研究 (ISSN:09138013)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.46-70, 2009-03-30 (Released:2017-06-28)

被引用文献数

3

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本論文では、2004年にわが国で制定された「発達障害者支援法」が示している発達障害への支援のありかたについて、応用行動分析学がどのように貢献できるかを概説した。応用行動分析学のもつ「科学性」と「包括性」を整理し、それが、「発達障害者支援法」にうたわれている理念に一致していることを指摘した。次に、「自閉性障害」「注意欠陥/多動性障害」「学習障害」をとりあげて、以下の点についてエビデンスにもとづく支援方法を吟味した。(1)それぞれの発達障害にはどのような特徴があるか?(2)科学的な発達支援方法がどのように明らかにされてきたか?(3)より大きな支援プログラムがどのようにつくられ、その効果が大規模研究によってどのように分析されてきたか?(4)そのような研究を基盤にして、どのように支援ガイドラインが提示されてきたか?(5)様々な特徴をもつ個人に対して、様々な実践現場で活用するために、新たな研究と実践がどのように発展してきたか?その結果、研究成果を受けてガイドラインが提示され、ガイドラインをさまざまなニーズをもつ個人に適用するための方法が開発され、さらに新たな支援成果が蓄積される、という一連の発達支援の発展を抽出した。研究というのは、研究そのもので完結するのではなく、支援そのものの質の向上を促すための必要条件であることを示し、今後の研究課題を討議した。

著者

Koji Ishikawa Arata Fukushima Takashi Yokota Shingo Takada Takaaki Furihata Naoya Kakutani Katsuma Yamanashi Yoshikuni Obata Ippei Nakano Takahiro Abe Shintaro Kinugawa Toshihisa Anzai

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Reports (ISSN:24340790)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.4, pp.179-186, 2019-04-10 (Released:2019-04-10)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

4

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Background: In heart failure (HF) management, early ambulation is recommended to prevent physical deconditioning. The effects of delayed ambulation on later clinical outcomes and the factors linked to delayed ambulation in hospitalized HF patients, however, remain unestablished. Methods and Results: We retrospectively investigated 101 patients (mean age, 66±17 years) who were hospitalized for acute decompensated HF. During the mean follow-up of 244±15 days after hospital discharge, 34 patients had cardiovascular events leading to death or unplanned readmission. Patients with cardiovascular events had longer median days to acquire ambulation than those without cardiovascular events (11 days, IQR, 8–20 days vs. 7 days, IQR, 5–15 days, P<0.001). The optimal cut-off period until initiation of ambulation to discriminate cardiovascular events was 8 days, indicating that longer days (≥8 days) to acquire ambulation was associated with higher rates of cardiovascular events, even after adjustment of multiple confounders. On multivariate analysis, age >65 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–6.09) and increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN; OR, 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01–1.08) were independent predictors of delayed ambulation. Conclusions: Delayed ambulation is associated with older age and increased BUN in patients with acute HF. Time to ambulation in the recovery phase of acute HF is important, and delayed ambulation may increase the rate of cardiovascular events after hospital discharge.