著者

永井 貴士 石井 良和 市田 博子 小森 愛子 山田 孝

出版者

一般社団法人 日本作業療法士協会

雑誌

作業療法 (ISSN:02894920)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.26-37, 2020-02-15 (Released:2020-02-15)

参考文献数

29

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本研究の目的は,家族介護者の従事する「介護」という作業の構成概念を生成することである.要介護者と在宅介護生活を1年以上経験している家族介護者16名を対象に非構造化面接を実施し,SCAT(Step for Cording and Theorization)を用いて分析した.その結果,構成概念は102の意味コードが生成され,家族介護者の想い,介護する生活,介護と環境の3つの大カテゴリーが得られた.作業療法士は家族介護者の作業適応への支援として,これらの視点で検討する必要性が示唆された.

著者

石村 豊穂

出版者

一般社団法人日本地球化学会

雑誌

地球化学 (ISSN:03864073)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.3, pp.63-86, 2021-09-25 (Released:2021-09-25)

参考文献数

75

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Stable carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions (δ13C, δ18O) of carbonates, especially calcium carbonate (CaCO3), have been utilized in geochemical research for more than 60 years because the isotopic values record environmental history at the time of formation. In particular, the stable isotopic compositions of biogenic carbonate record the δ18O (salinity variation and global ice volume) and temperature history of ambient seawater, as well as the δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), which is important as basic information for elucidating carbon cycles and mechanism of environmental changes. In recent years, isotopic analysis of carbonate has been expected to improve the sensitivity for high-resolution environmental analysis, but the progress of analytical techniques has been limited. In such a situation, improvements in the sample preparation and introduction system for stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) have made it possible to determine the stable isotopic composition of carbonate less than 1/100 of the sample amount required by previously reported systems (MICAL: Ishimura et al., 2004, 2008b).In this paper, I described the current progress and problems of stable isotopic analysis of carbonate, then explain the details of the development of analytical method for carbonate in ultra-micro scale, and the applications to various research fields.

著者

藤塚 吉浩

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.4, pp.495-506, 1992-08-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

9 7

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This article aims to analyze the origin of and characteristics newcomers, the characteristics of them, the attribute of their dwellings, and the problems of displacement in Nishijin, Kyoto.Nishijin has been the historical weaving center of Kyoto. A lot of textile factories, however, have closed in recent years. The townscape of this district is attractive, because the streets are lined with a neat row of houses. Since most of the buildings were constructed before the Pacific War, they have deteriorated in recent years. And the district is rapidly losing population, especially the younger generation. From this point of view, Nishijin is a typical inner city area.During the early- and mid-1980's a number of residential buildings were constructed mainly in the place where the textile industry stood. And in-movers to this district have increased since the mid-1980's. Particularly in-movers from within the city of Kyoto have increased. This trend is related to the stage of urban development of this city. The population density of the central area is high, so there are still many outmovers from there. Since the suburban residential districts have not fully matured, there are relatively few members of the younger generation, who live away from their parents. Therefore in-movers, who lived inside the city, out-number those returning from the suburbs.During the first half of 1980's a number of residential buildings were constructed, and then new types of people come to the district. The increase of the white collar class is remarkable.There are two types of residential buildings. One is a condominium which has four or five rooms. As a residence it has enough room for three persons, the average house-hold size. Its style corresponds to that of gentrifiers. Its residents are young couples in their late twenties or thirties, and most of them have one or two children. It is a feature of Japanese gentrification that the predominant type of residents are familes with children. The other type of bulldings are apartment buildings which consist of single rooms with private kitchen and bath. Their residents are singles, mainly students. Most of students had hitherto dwelled in rented rooms without private kitchens and baths. Since they preferred to live in the upgraded comfortable dwellings, landlords have constructed such apartment buildings for them. This means gentrification by landlords. And the residents are marginal gentrifiers.The construction of residential buildings is made possible the existence of sites of closed textile factories. Since the demand for the residential buildings has increased in the latter 1980's, they have been built in sites where houses have been pulled down. Therefore displacement of residences has increased in recent years.This phenomenon has many points of resemblance to gentrification in the Western countries. If this trend continues the local inhabitants and the attractive townspace of historical houses will be lost. There is a danger that the pecuriality of this district cannot be maintained.

著者

細矢 光亮

出版者

公益社団法人 日本皮膚科学会

雑誌

日本皮膚科学会雑誌 (ISSN:0021499X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.124, no.10, pp.1913-1917, 2014-09-20 (Released:2014-09-25)

参考文献数

6

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エンテロウイルス感染症の症状は,非特異的発熱が最も多く,時に手足口病,ヘルパンギーナ,発疹症,無菌性髄膜炎,急性出血性結膜炎などの特異的病態を呈する.まれに,脳炎・脳症,ポリオ様麻痺性疾患,心筋炎・心膜炎,流行性筋痛症,肝炎などを呈することもある.臨床像とウイルス血清型に関連性があり,手足口病とコクサッキーウイルスA16やエンテロウイルス71,ヘルパンギーナとコクサッキーウイルスA群,脳幹脳炎とエンテロウイルス71,心筋炎とコクサッキーウイルスB群などである.

著者

峯木 眞知子 田中 隆介 田中 友香里 西念 幸江 五百藏 良 庄司 善哉

出版者

日本官能評価学会

雑誌

日本官能評価学会誌 (ISSN:1342906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2-2, pp.98-106, 2011-10-25 (Released:2012-10-26)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1 2

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Sake yeasts are classified as foaming yeasts, which are hydrophobic, and non-foaming yeasts, which are hydrophilic. In this study the influence and function of using Sake yeasts for bread are clarified.  Breads fermented by bread yeasts, foaming yeasts, and non-foaming yeasts were examined by texture properties, microstructure, and sensory evaluation.  1) Breads fermented by bread yeasts made with butter had the largest volume among bread fermented by bread yeasts, while bread fermented by non-foaming yeasts had the smallest volume. However, specific volume of bread made without butter were each 4.5 value.  2) The color of bread fermented by foaming yeasts was similar to bread fermented by bread yeasts. As for color of the bread fermented by non-foaming yeasts, that of bread fermented by bread yeasts was able to be identified.  3) The hardness of three kinds of bread in which butter was added was not significantly different. The hardest bread without butter was bread fermented by foaming yeasts, and the softest was bread fermented by non-foaming yeasts. The cohesive property of breads tended to be lowest for breads fermented by foaming yeasts.  4) Differences in the microstructure of breads were the shape and size of gas cell. The gas cells of bread fermented by non-foaming yeasts were round and small. The gas cells in breads without butter were larger and had a flatter oval shape than those with butter. The inside of the gluten netstructure of breads without butter was observed as rough and contained a lot of gaps.  5) The results of sensory evaluation showed that the three types of bread could not be differentiated.

著者

Peter M. VAUGHAN Jessie C. BUETTE Barry W. BROOK

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (ISSN:13470558)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.3-12, 2022 (Released:2022-01-31)

参考文献数

42

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Understanding the behavioural responses of bird species to their environments is important for effective conservation, especially in captive-management and resource-provisioning programs. Camera traps present a growing opportunity to research bird breeding and foraging behaviour in situ. Remotely triggered cameras are commonly deployed to study mammals and large terrestrial birds. They are rarely used to survey small or arboreal birds due to habitat constraints. However, a wealth of information about small or arboreal birds can be generated opportunistically from camera traps in the course of collecting data on other taxa. Here, we describe and quantify the types of behavioural information that can be so gleaned, based on over 1,700 small-bird images captured as "collateral" during a geographically extensive mammal-focused camera study in Tasmania, Australia in 2018–2020. Postural analysis of images revealed 10 distinct behaviours. Large- and medium-sized terrestrial bird species were most commonly observed (61.6% of behavioural images), but small and arboreal species were also photographed at high rates (18.4% and 29.5% of behavioural images respectively). Investigative activity was the most commonly observed behaviour in small and arboreal species (around half of all images), but feeding, mating and even very rare behaviours like fur plucking, were also captured photographically. This case study reveals the value of opportunistically analysing camera trap images for small or arboreal birds species, especially when they are of conservation interest, even for cases where deliberately targeting them would not be a cost-effective strategy.

著者

棚田 博人 高井 利和 本橋 和志

出版者

公益社団法人 砂防学会

雑誌

砂防学会誌 (ISSN:02868385)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.3, pp.73-76_2, 1998-09-15 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

4

著者

高柳 健次郎

出版者

一般社団法人 映像情報メディア学会

雑誌

テレビジョン (ISSN:18849644)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.3, pp.111-137, 1960-03-01 (Released:2011-03-14)

参考文献数

3

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昨年春, アメリカPolaroid会社社長のEdwinH.Land博士によって, カラーに関する驚くべき発見が発表された.これは従来, われわれが信仰的にまで信じていたNewton以来のカラーに関する学説を根本的に覆すものである.この発見は今後カラー再現技術, 特に世界的の難問題となっているカラー・テレビに対して, 簡略にしてよりよき方式を提供する貴重な基石となるであろう.

著者

今井 裕一 岩井 久和 水谷 稔 春日井 邦夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本透析医学会

雑誌

日本透析医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13403451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.4, pp.219-226, 2019 (Released:2019-05-18)

参考文献数

23

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慢性便秘症で薬物治療中の血液透析患者28例を対象として, 結晶ラクツロース製剤を4週間上乗せ服薬した時の便秘に対する作用および安全性を検討した. 有効性については, 完全な自発排便回数は服薬1週から増加傾向を示し, 4週では有意な増加であった. 便の硬さは服薬1週から有意に改善し, 服薬3週および4週において作用は持続した. また便秘症の重症度については, 服薬開始前の重症度0の被験者は0例, 服薬4週では重症度0は11例と著明に増加した. また, 腎機能の指標であるBUNおよびCrは服薬により有意な低下がみられた. 安全性については, 死亡例はなく, 1例が下痢のため中止となったが, 軽症で服薬中止により回復した. 以上の成績から, 結晶ラクツロース製剤は, 慢性便秘症を有する血液透析患者に対し安全で有用である.

著者

Binbin WANG CHENG Chewchuang 江頭 祐嘉合 太田 剛雄 真田 宏夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本栄養・食糧学会

雑誌

日本栄養・食糧学会誌 (ISSN:02873516)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.3, pp.181-187, 1995-06-10 (Released:2010-02-22)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

9 10

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4週齢のウィスター系雄性ラットを用いて飼料中のオリゴ糖のガラクトサミン肝障害発症に及ぼす影響について検討した。<BRガラクトースを含んでいるラクチュロース, ラフィノース, 2種のガラクトオリゴ糖 (以上ビフィズス菌増殖因子), ガラクトースおよびラクトースにガラクトサミン肝障害発症抑制効果が認められた。同じビフィズス菌増殖因子であるフラクトオリゴ糖とグルコマンノオリゴ糖にはこのような効果が見られなかった。ビフィズス菌増殖因子が必ずしもガラクトサミン肝障害発症抑制効果を示さない場合があった。ガラクトサミン肝障害発症抑制にはオリゴ糖中あるいは単糖としてのガラクトースが深く関与していることが明らかにされた。

著者

石井 営次 乾 美智子 高橋 美帆 塚本 晶子 林 茂美 三浦 和美

出版者

(社)大阪生活衛生協会

雑誌

生活衛生 (ISSN:05824176)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.5, pp.228-232, 1991-09-10 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

1

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Bacterial contamination in tableware sponge polishers for kitchen use was examined and means for sterilization were sought. Among 36 polishers including 4 for use at places of business, a colony forming unit for each polisher measured by standard plate count, exceeded 109 in 21 polishers, and 108 in 32 polishers, of which a number of coliforms in MPN was more than 106 in each polisher. Although no Salmonella could be detected, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus were found in 9 and 15 polishers, respectively. Polishers treated with boiling water every day and which dried easily showed a low number of bacterium, from 102 to 103. Bacterial contaminated polishers were sterilized by boiling water for more than 30 seconds every day, but not by chemicals or disinfectant. Salmonella, S. aureus, and Escherichia coli were found capable of growing in polishers at 25°C.

著者

Nobutaka Nagano Atsuko Muranaka Ryo Nishikawa Wataru Ohwada Hidemichi Kouzu Naoyuki Kamiyama Takefumi Fujito Atsushi Mochizuki Daigo Nagahara Mitsuhiro Nakanishi Yukiko Ohkubo Shin Hisahara Satoshi Nakao Nagaaki Katoh Aki Ishikawa Akihiro Sakurai Toshiyuki Yano

出版者

International Heart Journal Association

雑誌

International Heart Journal (ISSN:13492365)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.168-175, 2022-01-29 (Released:2022-01-29)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

7

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Diagnostic strategies for symptomatic transthyretin (ATTR) cardiac amyloidosis showing typical morphological features such as increased ventricular wall thickness and myocardial injury such as an elevation in serum troponin T level have been established, but those for subclinical cardiac amyloidosis are limited. In the era when effective therapies to suppress/delay progression of ATTR cardiac amyloidosis are available, early detection of cardiac involvement plays a crucial role in appropriate decision-making for treatment in TTR mutation carriers who have a family history of heart failure and death due to ATTR amyloidosis. Findings of three cases with known pathogenic transthyretin (TTR) mutations (p.Ser70Arg, p.Phe53Val, and p.Val50Met) and family histories of death for amyloidosis were presented. Two cases were asymptomatic, and a case carrying p.Phe53Val had gastrointestinal symptoms and autonomic neuropathy. Levels of plasma N-terminal fragment of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and troponin T were within normal ranges in all cases, but results of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and bone scintigraphy clearly revealed the presence of cardiac involvement in all cases, even in a case without echocardiographic abnormalities including left ventricular hypertrophy and relative apical sparing of longitudinal strain shown by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. Electrocardiography revealed modest abnormalities including reduced R wave amplitude in V2 and a trend toward left axis deviation in all cases. In conclusion, CMR, bone scintigraphy, and electrocardiography are useful for early detection of ATTR cardiac amyloidosis in TTR mutation carriers. The role of comprehensive cardiac assessment in the early detection of cardiac amyloidosis in TTR mutation carriers is discussed.

著者

谷口 真人 中島 誠

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地下水学会

雑誌

地下水学会誌 (ISSN:09134182)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.37-64, 2013 (Released:2013-04-01)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

4 9

著者

加藤 寛之

出版者

Brewing Society of Japan

雑誌

日本醸造協会誌 (ISSN:09147314)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.109, no.6, pp.426-432, 2014 (Released:2018-03-14)

参考文献数

13

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ワインのコルク臭や清酒のカビ臭の原因物質であるTCA (トリクロロアニソール) は、極低濃度で異臭として感じられることが知られている。コルク臭やカビ臭はワインや清酒の品質を大きく損ねてしまうが、TCAには「異臭」だけでなく、他の香りを感じなくさせてしまう強力なマスキング効果があるという興味深い結果が筆者らによって明らかにされた。運悪くコルク臭ワインやカビ臭清酒に当たってしまったら、他の香りがマスクされるか試してみてはいかがだろう。

著者

坂根 嘉弘

出版者

比較家族史学会

雑誌

比較家族史研究 (ISSN:09135812)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.7-20, 2014-03-31 (Released:2015-03-31)

参考文献数

49

著者

宇野 勝次

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.2, pp.151-167, 2018-02-01 (Released:2018-02-01)

参考文献数

88

被引用文献数

1

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Three stages of the pathogenic mechanism of drug allergies can be considered: antigen formation, immune reaction and inflammation/disorder reaction. Drugs are thought to form 4 types of antigens: drug only, polymers, drug-carrier conjugates, and metabolite-carrier complexes. Antigens are recognized by B cell receptors and T cell receptors. Helper T cells (Th) are differentiated into four subsets, namely, Th1, Th2, Th17 and regulatory T cells (Treg). Th1 produces interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ, and activates macrophages and cytotoxic T cells (Tc). Macrophages induce type IV allergies, and Tc lead to serious type IV allergies. On the other hand, Th2 produces IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6, etc., and activates B cells. B cells produce IgE antibodies, and the IgE antibody affects mast cells and induces type I allergies. Activated eosinophil leads to the chronic state of type I allergy. Diagnostic testing for allergenic drugs is necessary for patients with drug allergies. Because in vivo diagnostic tests for allergenic drugs are associated with a risk and burden to the patient, in vitro allergy tests are recommended to identify allergenic drugs. In allergy tests performed in vitro, cytological tests are more effective than serological tests, and the leukocyte migration test (LMT) presently has the highest efficacy. An LMT-chamber is better than LMT-agarose in terms of usability and sensitivity, and it can detect about 80% of allergenic drugs.

著者

青木 隆 矢島 洋一

出版者

日本大学文理学部中国語中国文化学科

雑誌

中国語中国文化 (ISSN:02882604)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2020, no.17, pp.283-293, 2020 (Released:2020-05-11)

著者

工藤 隆

出版者

一般社団法人 アジア民族文化学会

雑誌

アジア民族文化研究 (ISSN:13480758)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.80-88, 2005-03-31 (Released:2020-04-01)

著者

森田 健太郎 森田 晶子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.13-24, 2007-03-31 (Released:2016-09-10)

参考文献数

100

被引用文献数

7

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サケ科魚類の生活史には、川で一生を過ごす残留型と海へ回遊する降海型の二型がある。本稿では、イワナを中心に生活史二型と個体群過程について解説し、サケ科魚類に見られる生活史二型の普遍的特長について論じた。個体群内に見られる生活史二型は、川での成長条件に依存した条件戦略であり、川で十分に成長できなかった場合に降海型になると考えられる。降海型は海洋で大きな成長を得るが、生存率は河川にいる残留型の方が高い。河川は資源が限られているため、海洋よりも密度依存的な死亡や成長が強く作用する。大型化した降海型が中心に産卵する場合、稚魚の密度が高いため川での成長条件が悪く、遺伝的要因だけではなく表現型可塑性によっても降海型になりやすいと考えられた。このようなフィードバックはサケ科魚類の個体群維持や回遊行動が進化する上で重要な役割を果たすと考えられた。

著者

谷口 博香

出版者

人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理学会大会 研究発表要旨 2017年 人文地理学会大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.60-61, 2017 (Released:2020-06-13)