著者

白烏 義彦

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.21-39,181, 1992-10-31 (Released:2017-02-15)

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During the Third Republic, the problem of the Educational Reform was crucial. Nonetheless its resolution was indispensable for the modernization and creation of France as a substantial nation-state. At that time, the church was a powerful opponent of this Reform. On the one hand, the church's role as educator greatly influenced the French people; on the other hand, it also conspired with Royalists and resisting allegiance to the Republican Government. For these reasons, the Educational Reform necessarily implied the secularisation of the education. Under this Reform, henceforce French education became "secular, compulsory, free of charge," and thereby greatly reducing the power of the church. The main objective of this article is to show the relationship between the Educational Reform and Durkheim's theory of education. Émile Durkheim was one of the founders of sociology and a contemporary of this Reform. His wide field of research includes such problems as: the division of labor,suicide, methodology of sociology, etc.; moreover the question of education holds amost important position in his field. In his analysis of the problem of education, he grasped the system of education as a real social institution and emphasized the necessity for a historical approach to education. He argued the role of the State to the education, in the context of the "freedom of education". Through the development of his theories, he supported the reform movement. This article also focusses on the importance and the interest of studying the practical character of Durkheim's sociology and of Durkheim himself.

著者

岩﨑 葉子

出版者

独立行政法人 日本貿易振興機構アジア経済研究所

雑誌

アジア経済 (ISSN:00022942)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.27-31, 2023-03-15 (Released:2023-03-30)

著者

大川 真由子

出版者

日本中東学会

雑誌

日本中東学会年報 (ISSN:09137858)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.105-131, 2021-03-15 (Released:2022-03-31)

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The aim of this paper is to clarify some Islamic issues that have been raised with regard to halal cosmetics. Additionally, the meaning of “halal” as it pertains to halal cosmetics is highlighted. Halal products must now be recognized as indicators of cleanliness, safety, purity, and quality, and, in particular, elegance and high class, especially in the case of halal cosmetics. There are two characteristics to consider in the consumption of halal cosmetics. Muslims’ purchasing behavior of halal cosmetics shows their piety as well as ethics related to consideration for sustainable systems and practices. In addition, it shows their class and who can afford comparatively expensive commodities. According to the investigation into the example of breathable halal nail polish, I conclude that there are three points in halalness that are represented in halal cosmetics. First, halal cosmetics do not signify religious visibility because they are also targeted at ethical non-Muslim consumers. Second, the use of halal cosmetics always accompanies the lawfulness of wearing make-up because the type of makeup worn is an Islamic concern involving women’s modesty. Third, some halal certified products, such as nail polish, do not affirm Islamic practices. Thus, the halalness of halal cosmetics depends on “how much,” “to whom,” and “how” the products are consumed. Halal cosmetics allow Muslim women to enhance their beauty while observing the Islamic practices that they follow. Thus, Muslim identity is reconstructed through commodities and consumption practices.

著者

アサヒグラフ編輯局 編纂

出版者

東京朝日新聞発行所

巻号頁・発行日

vol.大正13・4年度, 1925

著者

織畑 道宏 加戸 秀一 竹内 弘久 畑 真 森脇 稔 掛川 暉夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本消化器外科学会

雑誌

日本消化器外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:03869768)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.5, pp.439-444, 2001 (Released:2011-06-08)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1 1

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目的: 大量経口投与されたビタミンB12は濃度勾配により吸収され, 内因子を必要としない. 胃切および胃全摘症例についてメコバラミン (メチコバール) の経口投与の有効性を検討した. 方法: 幽門側胃切除B-I法11例, 胃全摘R-Y 8例にメコバラミン1日量1.5mgを分3で4週間経口投与し, 血清ビタミンB12濃度を測定した. 成績: 投与前, 2および4週目の血清ビタミンB12濃度は胃切例で, 412±33,581±62および701±94pg/ml, 胃全摘例で312±40,440±34および469±30pg/mlと増加した. 胃切例ではビタミンB12の投与前値と増加量に有意な正の相関を認め, 逆に胃全摘例では負の相関の傾向を認めその増加に上限が示唆された. 結論: 常用量のメコバラミン経口投与は, 胃切例や胃全摘例で吸収され, ビタミンB12の補給に外来で容易に管理できる有効な方法である.

著者

後藤 正人

出版者

中日本入会林野研究会

雑誌

入会林野研究 (ISSN:2186036X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.6-10, 2019 (Released:2020-05-04)

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民法の物権として保障されている入会権の概念をめぐって、その内容的理解が希薄になっている。入会・入会権は、歴史的に共同「所有」・共同労働を基礎とする平等な権利を有する入会権者たちによって担われている。その起源は、稲作社会の定着につれて、中世社会に淵源を持つ。近世社会では入会権者たちによる共同所持・共同労働を基礎とする所持的入会権と、領主の林業直営地などに成立する地役的入会権がある。近代に入り、所持的入会権は私的所有地としてなかなか認められなかった。法律上は明治民法の物権編で認められていくが、官有地編入処分や入会林野統一政策によって入会権や入会地は多かれ少なかれ攻撃を受けたが、入会集団は粘り強く入会地の確保に努めてきた。戦後、日本国憲法によって主権者の地位を獲得した入会集団達には、所謂「入会林野近代化法」によって、生産森林組合等に組織変更することが生じた。しかし政府の「外材依存政策」によって木材価格の低迷下に悩んでいるのが現状である。未だ100万町歩程の大小入会地が存在するようである。入会権を維持しつつ地域民衆へ開かれた、豊かな利用が展開されるならば、入会地は永遠の生命を有するであろう。

著者

清水武次郎 編

出版者

兵事雑誌社

巻号頁・発行日

1917

著者

松本 克美 村本 邦子 安田 裕子 金 成恩 後藤 弘子

出版者

法と心理学会

雑誌

法と心理 (ISSN:13468669)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.84-89, 2015 (Released:2018-01-08)

著者

山本 俊光

出版者

一般社団法人 日本環境教育学会

雑誌

環境教育 (ISSN:09172866)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.1_14-24, 2012-10-15 (Released:2014-03-31)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1 2

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The present study was conducted to analyze the relationship between experience of nature in childhood (preschool to elementary school) and the social nature of university students with reference to parental attitudes. The study was based on a questionnaire survey of 429 students (163 men and 264 women; 293 from residential areas and 123 from farming areas) attending five universities in May 2008. Students with much nature experience were accepted by their parents to a greater extent than those with less nature experience; in this context, nature experience included activities such as camping, hiking and climbing, growing flowers, make-believe play, playing outdoors and in mountain areas, rearing insects, etc. Such children might also have visited art museums and participated in nature observations, as well as having been taught the importance of good habits and manners. The results showed that the opinions of the parents about child education had influenced their children's nature experience. Comparison of the means of the social disposition “empathy" factor scores and the social attitude “social skill" factor scores revealed a tendency for higher scores to reflect more, rather than less, nature experience. The social nature of these children, nurtured through non-routine activities such as camping, was probably also nurtured by daily involvement with friends and family. University students showed an association between experience of nature in childhood and their social nature.

著者

山根 純佳

出版者

法政大学大原社会問題研究所

雑誌

大原社会問題研究所雑誌 = Journal of Ohara Institute for Social Research (ISSN:09129421)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.771, pp.29-43, 2023-01

著者

松本 俊吉

出版者

日本哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:03873358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2004, no.55, pp.90-112,23, 2004-04-01 (Released:2009-07-23)

参考文献数

14

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The objective of this article is to clarify the nature of the methodological position called adaptationism in evolutionary biology (that is, a position holding natural selection to be ubiquitous and the most powerful as a mechanism of the evolution of life) and to discuss the problems that relate to it. To this end, I will first set forth the controversy having been waged on the legitimacy of adaptationism, originally initiated by Gould and Lewontin in 1978 and having been joined by mainstream neo-Darwinists ever since. Then I will put forward some framework for evaluating this controversy, namely, the idea of taking adaptationism to be a research program in Lakatos' sense. In the second section, I will review, somewhat critically, how adaptationistic thinking is exemplified in the sociobiological research program advocated by E. O. Wilson and his followers. In the third section, I will give some considerations on the possibility of the model of cultural evolution (memetics) as a complement to the one-sidedness of the genetically-biased sociobiological explanation of human culture.

著者

和田 直子 岡山 裕美 熊崎 大輔 大工谷 新一

出版者

関西理学療法学会

雑誌

関西理学療法 (ISSN:13469606)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.41-44, 2012 (Released:2012-12-27)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2

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Limited range of motion in the knee joint is often observed in patients after total knee arthroplasty. Decreased extensibility of the skin is one of the factors limiting motion. The purpose of this study was to examine the extensibility of the skin over the knee during knee flexionat at angles of 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, and maximal flexion as performed by 30 healthy subjects (15 males, 15 females). The skin covering the anterior area of the knee was divided into 4 sections: skin over the femur, the suprapatellar bursa, the patella, and the patellar ligament. The dimensions of each section at each flexion position were measured. The results indicate that the extensibility of the skin over the suprapatellar bursa and the patella in positions from 0° to 30° was significantly greater than that covering the femur and the patellar ligament (p<0.05). In addition, as the degree of knee flexion increased, the extensibility of the skin over the suprapatellar bursa and the patellar ligament was greater than that over the other areas. The results of this study indicate that evaluation of skin extensibility during physical therapy for patients with limited range of motion in the knee must include not only the area that shows limited motion but also the surrounding areas.

著者

秀 道広

出版者

一般社団法人 日本アレルギー学会

雑誌

アレルギー (ISSN:00214884)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.3, pp.179-185, 2016 (Released:2016-05-19)

参考文献数

13

著者

董 伊莎

出版者

関西大学大学院東アジア文化研究科

雑誌

文化交渉 東アジア文化研究科院生論集 (ISSN:21874395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.67-84, 2016-11-30

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東アジアの思想と構造The first Goryō-e ceremony (a ceremony held to appease evil gods and the spirits of the dead) was held during the Heian period in 863. Subsequent Goryō-e ceremonies underwent significant changes, eventually resulting in the spirit that was the focus of ritual appeasement in the original Goryō-e being replaced by a new spirit known as Ekijin. There has been much previous research looking at the origins of this change. This work looks at a possible link between the Chinese deity known as Karakami, mentioned in the Shunki, and the Japanese deity Ekijin. From this link it can be seen that Ekijin was originally a foreign deity. Also, after an examination of records from the Nara to Heian periods, it can be seen that the concept of plagues introduced during the Tenpyō period from foreign sources deeply influenced Japanese beliefs surrounding plague and the Goryō-e ceremony. The new beliefs imported from China share a common concept with that of the original Goryō-e ceremony, namely the idea of rei. This provided a basis for the acceptance of the new foreign beliefs, which eventually resulted in Ekijin becoming the main subject of appeasement. In conclusion, foreign ideas about plague influenced not only ideas about Ekijin, but were also assimilated into the Goryō-e belief system.

著者

土井 松幸

出版者

日本臨床麻酔学会

雑誌

日本臨床麻酔学会誌 (ISSN:02854945)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.7, pp.860-866, 2014 (Released:2014-12-27)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

22

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レミマゾラムはイミダゾベンゾジアゼピン骨格を持ち,ジアゼピン環にエステル結合を含む側鎖を持つことが特徴で,代謝物が薬理活性を示さない.健康ボランティアを対象とした第I相試験では,単回投与時の消失相血中半減期は39~53分であった.0.2mg/kg単回投与で全被験者が意識消失した.64歳以下の非高齢者55症例,65歳以上の高齢者30症例を対象とした前期第II相試験では,麻酔維持での平均投与速度は非高齢者で1.02mg/kg/h,高齢者で0.72mg/kg/hで,血圧,脈拍の変動は軽微であった.レミマゾラムは,水溶性製剤であること,循環動態の安定性と特異的拮抗薬を持つ点でプロポフォールを凌駕する.レミマゾラムは全身麻酔時の催眠作用に優れた特性を備えており,有望な次世代の静脈麻酔薬である.

著者

小貫 麻美子 松本 光司 柊元 巌

出版者

昭和大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2020-04-01

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本研究では、1) 定期接種プログラムが定める適切な年齢(12-16歳) で子宮頸癌ワクチンを接種したにも関わらずHPV16/18陽性CIN・子宮頸癌を発症した若年日本人女性(=ブレイクスルー症例) を対象にまず初交年齢・ワクチン接種時年齢を聴取することで接種時に実は既感染であったと考えられる患者の割合を推定すること、2) 初交前に適切にワクチン接種を行っていた症例ではHPVゲノム解析・pseudovirionを用いた中和活性測定を行い、現行のワクチンでは予防できない変異ウイルス(variant) を探索する。

著者

八幡 さくら

出版者

日本シェリング協会

雑誌

シェリング年報 (ISSN:09194622)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.139-143, 2023-07-01 (Released:2023-07-01)

著者

正木 晃

出版者

国際日本文化研究センター

雑誌

現代生命論研究 = Recent Developments in Contemporary Life Studies

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.191-205, 1996-01-31

著者

東 孝文 金井 秀明

出版者

一般社団法人情報処理学会

雑誌

研究報告エンタテインメントコンピューティング(EC) (ISSN:09196072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2014, no.43, pp.1-8, 2014-03-06

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本稿では,切り絵の初心者を対象に,タブレット端末とタッチペンからなる切り絵練習帳による実験とその評価について述べる.切り絵練習帳とは,切り絵の熟練者の知識を提供するための物である.切り絵練習帳には,(1) なぞる順番に枠を表示する機能,(2) 適切な筆圧でのみ筆跡を表示する機能,(3) なぞり始め,なぞり終わりを強調する機能の 3 つの機能がある.切り絵練習帳の各機能やシステム全体の評価を行った.その結果,各機能及びシステム全体ともに,初心者を熟練者の切り絵の仕方を身につけるのに効果があった.In this paper, we propose a supporting system for practicing paper cutout using tablet computer stylus for novices. The system provides users with export's knowledge how to make paper cutout. The system has three functions: (1) The function displaying the order to cut. (2) The function displaying the handwriting by changed color depending on pressure. (3) The function displaying points at the start and end. We conducted user tests to investigate the effects of individual function and the whole system. The results show that the users can acquire manner of paper cutout like exports using the system.